Let's learn about ‘이’

<‘이’ Explanation #1>

1. <대명사(Pronoun)>

1) this is a short form of “이것”(this thing)

[ex] 이와 같은 모양 : a form like this thing

2) this indicates “이러한 형편”(such circumstance, such situation)

[ex] 이에 이천만 동포가 분연히 일어나도다 : As a result, 20 million compatriots may rise up in anger

* 관형사[冠形詞] : an unconjugated adjective; a pre-noun (in Korean); qualifier, modifier, word that modifies the meaning of another word (Grammar)

2. <관형사(pre-noun)>

1) this indicates everything near to a speaker[a sayer]

[ex] 이 꽃을 보셔요 : loot at this flower
        이 사람이 제 친구입니다 : this man is my friend; he is my friend

2) this indicates the well-known or that was said not long ago

[ex] 꽃이 피어야 열매를 맺는다 : be fruitful only when (these)flowers bloom
        이 말은 행위가 결과를 낳는다는 뜻이다 : this means that the action will produce results.

3. <어말 어미(endinf suffix)>

1) this, which is attached to last vowel of an adjective, indicates one’s less good feeling when say one’s thought or opinion

[ex] 참 서운하이 : i feel very much mistreated by you; you behaved unfairly toward me; you treated me with great disappointment

4. <조사(an auxiliary word; a particle)>

this is attached to last consonant of a noun word

1) this makes a word/sentence subjective case.
“~께서” should be used when someone is the elder.

[ex] 하늘이 맑다 : the sky is clear
        한 사람이 이리로 뛰어온다 : A man comes running here

2) when ‘~되다’(become) follow this, this means “some is changed into another”

[ex] 검던 머리가 백발이 되다 : one ́s black hair turns gray

3) when “아니다”(not) follow this, this makes a word/sentence into target of negative

[ex] 그 동물은 말이 아니다 : that[the] animal is not a horse

<‘이’ Explanation #2>

1 <접미사[接尾辭](suffix)>

1) 자음으로 끝난 일부 체언의 뒤에 붙어,
: this is attached to last consonant of some word

㉠ 그 체언이 뜻하는 특징을 지닌 사람임을 나타냄 : this indicates a human being has the characteristic of the meaning of a word

【ex】 절름발이 : a lame person; a cripple
        육손이 : a person has six finger

㉡ 자음으로 끝나는 일부 고유 명사에 붙어, 어조(語調)를 고르는 구실을 함. this change the tone of some proper word ends with last consonant

【ex】 복동이 : a male person called “갑동”. this generally indicates a male person in Korea.

       갑순이 : a female person called “갑순”. this generally indicates a female
person in Korea

㉢ 명사를 부사로 바꾸는 구실을 함.  this make a noun to into an adverb

【예】 나날이 : day by day
       집집이, 집집마다 : from door to door

2) 자음으로 끝난 일부 용언의 어근에 붙어,
 : this is attached to last consonant of some  verb

㉠ 그 동사를 명사로 바꾸는 구실을 함. this makes a verb into a noun

【ex】 먹이 : food; a thing to eat <— 먹다 + 이
       놀이 : playing <— 놀다 + 이

㉡그 형용사를 부사로 바꾸는 구실을 함. this makes an adjective into an adverb

【ex】 많이 : much, lots, plenty, in abundance; often
        높이 : high; dearly
        깊이 : deeply, profoundly

* 널리 : broadly
* 넓게 : widely

㉢ 형용사를 명사로 바꾸는 구실을 함. this makes a adjective into a noun

【ex】 깊이 : depth
        높이 : height
        넓이 : width
        넓죽이, 넓적이 : (얼굴이나 머리가) ‘넓죽하게 생긴 사람’을 조롱하여 이르는 말 : (of a face or head) a derision of a 'wide-looking man'

* 납죽이 : this has less strong meaning than “넓죽이”
or “넓적이”

3) 물건의 수효를 나타내는 수사의 뒤에 붙어, 사람의 수효를 지시하는 뜻을 나타냄. indicates the number of persons. this places after a word expresses number

【ex】 둘이 : two persons or things
        셋이 : three persons or things
        여럿이 : more four persons or things

2. <의존명사[依存名詞](dependent noun)>

: ‘사람’이나 ‘사물(것)’을 뜻하는 말. : a noun indicates human being or something[thing]

【ex】
(1) 서 있는 이에게 다가가다 : get to the man who's standing
(2) 궁리만 하는 이보다 차라리 직접 해 보는 편이 빠르겠다 : I'd rather try it myself than just thinking about it