1. 미안하지만 내일 약속을 취소해야겠어요 = 미안하지만 내일 약속애 못 갈 거 같아요 : I’m sorry, but I have to call off our engagement / I’m afraid that we have to cancel our appointment / I’m afraid I can’t make it tomorrow / I’m afraid I’m going to have to cancel
[other expresions]
- 미안하지만 내일 약속을 취소해야겠다. (to younger or friends)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속을 취소해야겠네. (to younger or friends)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속을 취소해야겠어. (to younger or friends)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속을 취소해야겠는데. (to younger or friends)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속을 취소해야겠네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속을 취소해야겠어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속을 취소해야겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘습’)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속에 못 갈 거 같다. (to younger or friends)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속에 못 갈 거 같네. (to younger or friends)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속에 못 갈 거 같아. (to younger or friends)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속에 못 갈 거 같네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속에 못 갈 거 같아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 미안하지만 내일 약속에 못 갈 거 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘습’)
[explanations]
* 미안하다 : I’m sorry
* 미안하지만 : 미안하다 + 지만(but)
* 내일 : tomorrow
* 약속 : engagement; appointment
* -을 : a suffix makes 내일 약속 objective after a word ends a consonant
* 취소 : cancellation
* 취소하다 : cancel
* 취소해야겠다 : I have to cancel something
* 취소해야겠다 : 취소하다 + 어야(have to) + 겠(one’s will) + -다(a descriptive informal verb ending suffix has no honourific)
* 취소해야겠네 : 취소하다 + 어야(have to) + 겠(one’s will) + -네(a descriptive informal verb ending suffix has no honourific)
* 취소해야겠어 : 취소하다 + 어야(have to) + 겠(one’s will) + -어(a descriptive informal verb ending suffix has no honourific)
* 취소해야겠는데 : 취소하다 + 어야(have to) + 겠(one’s will) + -는데(a descriptive informal verb ending suffix has no honourific and has an nuance of hesitation to say easily)
* 취소해야겠네요 : 취소하다 + 어야(have to) + 겠(one’s will) + -네(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 취소해야겠어요 : 취소하다 + 어야(have to) + 겠(one’s will) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 취소해야겠는데요 : 취소하다 + 어야(have to) + 겠(one’s will) + -는데(a descriptive verb ending suffix has no honourific and has an nuance of hesitation to say easily) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 취소해야겠습니다 : 취소하다 + 어야(have to) + 겠(one’s will) + -스(an honourific particle) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific present formal verb ending suffix by ‘ㅂ’)
* -에 : a place suffix means “to; at; on”
* 못 : a word makes the following word negative meaning
* 가다 : go
* 갈 : 가다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes 가다 future tense)
* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* 같다 : (1) be the same (2) seem; look + adjective
* -ㄹ/을/를 것 같다 = -ㄹ/을/를 거 같다 : It seems ~; It looks ~; I think that ~
* 못 갈 거 같다 : I can’t go (there)
* 같다 : 같다 + -다(a descriptive informal verb ending suffix has no honourific)
* 같네 : 같다 + -네(a descriptive informal verb ending suffix has no honourific)
* 같아 : 같다 + -어(a descriptive informal verb ending suffix has no honourific)
* 같네요 : 같다 + -네(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 같아요 : 같다 + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 같습니다 : 같다 + -스(an honourific particle) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific present formal verb ending suffix by ‘ㅂ’)
2. 우리 다음에 만나면 안 될까요? : Is it possible for us to meet later? / Can we make it some other time? / Can’t we meet sometime later? / Is it okay if I see you next time?
[other expressions]
- 우리 다음에 만나면 안 될까? (to younger people or friends)
- 우리 다음에 만나면 안 될까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 우리 다음에 만나면 안 되겠습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘습’)
[explanations]
* 우리 : we; us
* 다음에 : next time; [=나중에] later
* 나중에 : later; [=다음에] next time
* 만나다 : meet; see
* 만나면 : 만나다 + -면(if)
* 안 : a word makes 되다 negative means "not"
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do
* 안 될까(요)? / 안 되겠습니까? : Can’t we~?; Can we~?; Is it possible for us to do~?; Is it okay If I do ~?
* 될까? : 되다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까(an interrogative informal verb ending suffix has no honourific)
* 될까요? : 되다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까(an interrogative informal verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되겠습니까? : 되다 + 겠(one’s will) + -스(an honourific particle) + -ㅂ니까(an interrogative honourific present formal verb ending suffix by ‘ㅂ’)
3. 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을텐데. 곧 한국으로 떠나거든 : I might not be here later. I’m leaving for Korea soon
[other expressions]
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을 거다. (to younger or friends)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을 거네. (to younger or friends)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을 거야. (to younger or friends)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을 건데. (to younger or friends)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을 거네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을 거예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을 건데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을 겁니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을텐데. (to younger or friends)
- 나중엔 아마 여기(에) 없을텐데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날 거다. (to younger or friends)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날 거네. (to younger or friends)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날 거야. (to younger or friends)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날 건데. (to younger or friends)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날 거네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날 거예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날 건데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날 겁니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날텐데. (to younger or friends)
- 곧 한국으로 떠나거든. (to younger or friends)
- 곧 한국으로 떠날텐데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 곧 한국으로 떠나거든요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
[explanations]
* 나중 : later
* 나중엔 : 나중 + -엔
* -엔 : a short form of -에는
* -에 : a time suffix means "at/on/in"
* -는 : a suffix emphasize “-에”
* -엔 / -에는 : generally used as a time suffix has an stronger than "-에”
* 아마 : probably; might
* 여기 : here
* 여기에 : 여기 + -에(a place suffix)
* 없다 : be not; not exist; not live
* 없을 : 없다 + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)
* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* -다/-네/-야/-ㄴ데 : other forms of 이다(be)
* 곧 : soon
* 한국 : Korea
* 한국으로 : 한국 + -으로(a place suffix means "to; toward")
* 떠나다 : leave
* 떠날 : 떠나다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)
* S + V + -ㄹ/을/를 거다 = -ㄹ/을/를 것이다 : S will V; this pattern is used to express a future plan or intention and means the same as "will" or "is going to do" in english. it is formed by adding "-(으)ㄹ 거다 " to the stems of verbs. "-ㄹ 거예요" is used when the verb stem ends in ㄹ or vowel, "-을 거예요" is used when the verb stem ends in a consonant
* S + 아마 + V + -ㄹ/을/를 거다 = S + 아마 + V + ㄹ/을/를 것이다 : S might V
* 거다 = 것이다
* 거네 = 것이네
* 거야 = 것이야
* 건데 = 것인데
* 건데 : 거 + -ㄴ데
* 거네요 = 것이네요.
* 거예요 = 것이에요
* 건데요 = 것인데요
* 건데요 : 거 + -ㄴ데 + -요
* 거거든 = 것이거든요
* 겁니다 = 것입니다
* 겁니다 : 거 + -ㅂ니다
* a noun + -다 / -네 / -야 / -ㄴ데 / -거든 / -이다 / -이네 / -이야 / -인데 / -이거든 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -네요 / -예요 / -ㄴ데요 / -거든요 / -ㅂ니다 / -이네요 / -이에요 / -인데요 / -이거든요 / 입니다 : an honouriric descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ or ‘-ㅂ’
* -ㄴ데 / -인데 / -ㄴ데요 / -인데요 : these have a nuance of hesitation to say
* -거든 / -이거든 / -거든요 / -이거든요 : these have a nuance that a speaker already know but a listener doesn’t know
* 없을텐데 : 없다 + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -텐데(a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others)
* 없을텐데요 : 없다 + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -텐데(a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 떠날텐데 : 떠나다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -텐데(a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others)
* 떠날텐데요 : 떠나다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -텐데(a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* -텐데 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -은데 / -인데 : a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others or used to express a fact with a light feeling, in order to seek consent or opinion from others
4. 얘는 왜 안 오죠? : Why isn’t he coming? / How come he’s not here? / Why isn’t he showing up? / Where is he?
[other expressions]
- 얘는 왜 안 오니? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오나? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오냐? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오지? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는가? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는지? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는데? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는건가? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는건지? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 와? (to younger or friends)
- 얘는 왜 안 오나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얘는 왜 안 오지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얘는 왜 안 오죠? (오죠 is a short form of 오지요)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는건가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얘는 왜 안 오는건지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얘는 왜 안 와요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얘는 왜 안 옵니까? (formal; honouriifc by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 얘 : a short form of "이 아이"(this child); this can be replaced by he(그) or she(그녀), but the nuances are different; this can mean "sonny; you; he; she; there; hey; this child [boy, girl]"; this is used to refer to a younger people or friend than my age
* -는 : a suffix makes 얘 subjective
* 왜 : why
* 안 : a word makes a verb negative meaning
* 오다 : come (here)
* 안 오다 : doesn’t come (here)
* 와? : 오다 + -아?(interrogative informal verb ending suffix)
* 옵니까? : 오다 + -ㅂ니까?(a present formal honouriric interrogative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / 냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -는데? / -는건가? / -는건지? / -아? : an informal interrogative verb ending suffix has not honourific
* a verb + -나요? / -지요? / -죠? / -는가요? / -는지요? / -는데요? / -는건가요? / -는건지요? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-요’(an honourific verb ending suffix) or ‘-ㅂ’(an honourific verb ending particle)
5. 좀 참아 봐. 올 거야 : Be patient. He’ll be here
[other expressions]
- 좀 참아 보자. (to younger or friends)
- 좀 참아 볼래. (to younger or friends)
- 좀 참아 봐. (to younger or friends)
- 좀 참아 봐요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 좀 참아 볼래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 좀 참아 보실래요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 좀 참아 보세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 좀 참아 보시죠. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 좀 참아 보십시오. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 좀 참아 보십시요. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 좀 참아 보시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 올 거다 = 올 것이다. (to younger or friends)
- 올 거네 = 올 것이네. (to younger or friends)
- 올 거야 = 올 것이야. (to younger or friends)
- 올 건데 = 올 것인데. (to younger or friends)
- 올 거거든 = 올 것이거든. (to younger or friends)
- 올 거요 = 올 것이요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 올 거네요 = 올 것이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 올 건데요 = 올 것인데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 올 거거든요 = 올 것이거든요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 올 거예요 = 올 것이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 올 겁니다 = 올 것입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 올텐데. (to younger or friends)
- 올텐데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
[explanations]
* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little; please in propositive sentence)
• propositive sentence is used when making a suggestion or somone else’s suggestion; this is said as persuasive sentence but is not as requesting sentence
* 참다 : bear; endure; put up with; have patience with; be patient; persevere; stand; tolerate; forbear (to do, doing); suppress; repress; control oneself
* 참아 : 참다 + -아/어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) try in the sentence
* a verb + -아/어 보다 + propositive suffix means "try to + verb" or "Let’s + verb"
* 볼래 : 보다 + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -래(propositive informal non-honourific verb ending suffix)
* 봐 : 보다 + -아(propositive informal non-honourific verb ending suffix)
* 볼래 : 보다 + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -래(propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보실래요 : 보다 + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보세요 : 보다 + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보셔요 : 보다 + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보십시오 / 보십시요 : 보다 + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오/-ㅂ시요(a propositive honourific formal present verb ending suffix)
* 보시겠어요 : 보다 + 시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -겠어요(a propositive honourific present verb ending suffix)
• a verb stem + -겠어요 : -겠(a particle ask a listener’s will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix); this means "Let’s + verb" in english
* 오다 : come (here)
* 올 : 오다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)
* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* -다 : a short form of 이다(be; exist; have)
* 거다 = 것이다
* 거네 = 것이네
* 거야 = 것이야
* 건데 = 것인데
* 건데 : 거 + -ㄴ데
* 거네요 = 것이네요.
* 거예요 = 것이에요
* 건데요 = 것인데요
* 건데요 : 거 + -ㄴ데 + -요
* 거거든 = 것이거든요
* 겁니다 = 것입니다
* 겁니다 : 거 + -ㅂ니다
* S + V + -ㄹ/을/를 거다 = -ㄹ/을/를 것이다 : S will V; this pattern is used to express a future plan or intention and means the same as "will" or "is going to do" in english. it is formed by adding "-(으)ㄹ 거다 " to the stems of verbs. "-ㄹ 거예요" is used when the verb stem ends in ㄹ or vowel, "-을 거예요" is used when the verb stem ends in a consonant
* S + 아마 + V + -ㄹ/을/를 거다 = S + 아마 + V + ㄹ/을/를 것이다 : S might V
* a noun + -다 / -네 / -야 / -ㄴ데 / -거든 / -이다 / -이네 / -이야 / -인데 / -이거든 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -네요 / -예요 / -ㄴ데요 / -거든요 / -ㅂ니다 / -이네요 / -이에요 / -인데요 / -이거든요 / 입니다 : an honouriric descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ or ‘-ㅂ’
* -ㄴ데 / -인데 / -ㄴ데요 / -인데요 : these have a nuance of hesitation to say
* -거든 / -이거든 / -거든요 / -이거든요 : these have a nuance that a speaker already know but a listener doesn’t know
* 올텐데 : 오다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -텐데(a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others)
* 올텐데요 : 오다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -텐데(a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* -텐데 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -은데 / -인데 : a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others or used to express a fact with a light feeling, in order to seek consent or opinion from others
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