Let’s learn about "-잖아요”

* a verb + -잖니 / 잖나 / 잖어 / 잖아 : It is used as a suffix to say resentful things accompanied by irritation about not doing something in advance to the listener or to say things that must be hoped for by the listener's response; these are a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

==> this is used when the speaker confirms a fact that the listener already knows or has forgotten

==> this means "as you know/ recall...~remind something that listener forgot/unaware or scold for not following advice"

* a verb + -잖나요 / -잖어요 / -잖아요 / -잖습니까 : : It is used as a suffix to say resentful things accompanied by irritation about not doing something in advance to the listener or to say things that must be hoped for by the listener's response; these are an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’

==> this is used when the speaker confirms a fact that the listener already knows or has forgotten

==> this means "as you know/ recall...~remind something that listener forgot/unaware or scold for not following advice"

* See the followings about "-잖아요”

- https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=VHsLKLHBAVk

- https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=B-TI7UEGgSU

- https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1IEHlRSnkyg

- https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=O3LKE8mB9DQ

- https://www.howtostudykorean.com/upper-intermediate-korean-grammar/unit-4-lessons-84-91/lesson-90/?amp

- https://sayhikorean.blogspot.com/2018/09/korean-grammar-expressing-reasons_15.html?m=1

- https://www.koreantopik.com/2017/02/l2g12-avn-grammar-as-you-know.html?m=1

- https://www.koreanwikiproject.com/wiki/%EC%9E%96%EC%95%84%EC%9A%94

- http://ohmykorean.com/?p=146

Let’s learn about "-고 했잖아요”

비싸다고 했쟎아요 : I told that it was expensive

* -고 했잖니 / -고 했잖나 / -고 했잖냐 / -고 했잖어 / -고 했잖아 / -고 했잖나요 / -고 했잖어요 / -고 했잖아요 / -고 했잖습니까 : It is a phase used when the speaker says in a way that resents in a bad mood with being annoying because the listener did not do anything or act that he/she must have done before the current time.

Question about "말했잖아요"

sometimes I heard Koreans said "말했잖아" what does the "잖아" means?

<Answer>

1. First Answer 

-잖아

You must already know that, right?

말했잖아.

I told you, you must already know that right?

2. Second Answer

it's like "you know" as a reminder, expressing that the listener should already know what the speaker is saying. like if someone says they're cold, they might say 겨울이잖아, "you know it's winter" as a reminder/explanation

3. Third Answer

See 1: https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/%EC%9E%96%EC%95%84-%ED%96%88%EC%9E%96%EC%95%84.1557424/

See 2 : https://www.italki.com/post/question-103333?hl=ko

Let’s learn about "약속(appointment)" #25

1. 왜 이제 와? / 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었어? : Why are you late? / What took you so long?

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener(“you" omitted)

- 왜 이제 오니? (to younger people or friends)

- 왜 이제 오나? (to younger people or friends)

- 왜 이제 오냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 왜 이제 오는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 왜 이제 오는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 왜 이제 오지? (to younger people or friends)

- 왜 이제 와? (to younger people or friends)

- 왜 이제 오나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 왜 이제 오는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 왜 이제 오지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 왜 이제 오죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 왜 이제 와요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 왜 이제 오시지요? (more honourfic by ‘-시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 왜 이제 오시죠? (more honourfic by ‘-시’; 

- 왜 이제 오세요? (more honourfic by ‘-시’)

- 왜 이제 오십니까? (formal; more honourfic by ‘-시’)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었니? (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었나? (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었지? (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었어? (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었셨어요? (more honourfic by ‘-시’)

- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었습니까? (formal; more honourfic by ‘-시’)

[other expressions]

* 왜 :  why

* 이제 : now, present time, present moment; this can be replaced by “지금”(now)

* 오다 : come (here)

* 와? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -아(an non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 와요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -아(an non-honourific interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(a honourific verb ending suffix)

* 오시죠? : a short form of 오시지요?

* 오시지요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -지(an interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(a honourific verb ending suffix)

* 오세요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -어(an interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 오십니까? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -ㄴ지? / -는지? / -지? / -어? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나 / -ㄴ가 / -는가 / -ㄴ지 / -는지 / -지 / -어 / -아 + -요? : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -시지요? / -시죠? / -세요? / -십니까? : a more honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-시’

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what). therefore 뭐 can be replaced by 무엇

* 때문 / 때문에 : because (of)

* 이렇다 : [Pronunciation: 이러타] a short form of 이러하다(be like this)

* 이러니 / 이래 : an adjective form of 이렇다

* 이렇게 : [Pronunciation: 이러케] an adverb form of 이렇다; thus; so (many, much); like this; in this way [manner]

* 늦은 : late

* 늦다 : be late

* 늦었다 : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)

* 늦었죠? : a short form of 늦었지요?

* 늦었지요? : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -지(an interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(a honourific verb ending suffix)

* 늦었셨습니까? : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* -었/았 + 시 + -였 : this expressions makes a verb more and more honourific to the listener

* 늦었습니까? : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -ㄴ지? / -는지? / -지? / -어? / 아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나 / -ㄴ가 / -는가 / -ㄴ지 / -는지 / -지 / -어 / -아 + -요? : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -셨어요 ? / -습니까? : a more honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-시’ / ‘-스’

2. 오는 길에 교통사고 났어 : There was a car accident on the way

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener(“you" omitted) to know what  I have experienced just a moment ago

- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났다. (to younger people or friends)

- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났네. (to younger people or friends)

- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났어. (to younger people or friends)

- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났습니다. (formal; more honourfic by ‘-시’)

[explanations]

* 오다 : come (here)

* 오는 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -는(a suffix indicates that a certain movement or state is in progress and makes a verb attributive)

* 길 : a way; a road

* -에 : a place suffix means "at/on/in"

* 오는 길에 : on the way

* 교통 : (1) traffic; communication; transportation; transport; transit; navigation (2) a car

* 사고 : an accident

* 교통사고 : a car accident

* -가 : a suffix makes 교통사고 the topic of the sentence; this omiited

* 나다 : (1) happen: occur (2) come out

* 났다 : past tense of 나다: 나(the stem of 나다) + ㅆ(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)

* 났습니다 : 나(the stem of 나다) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 : a more honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-습’ 

3. 무슨 일 있있어요? : What happened? / Did anything go wrong? / Did something happen?

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener(“you" omitted) to ask him

- 무슨 일 있었니? (to younger people or friends)

- 무슨 일 있었나? (to younger people or friends)

- 무슨 일 있었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 무슨 일 있었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 무슨 일 있었는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 무슨 일 있었어? (to younger people or friends)

- 무슨 일 있었나요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)

- 무슨 일 있었는가요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)

- 무슨 일 있었는지요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)

- 무슨 일 있었는죠? (honouriric by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 무슨 일 있었어요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)

- 무슨 일 있었습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)

[explanations]

* 무슨 : what; this can be replaced by 뭔

* 일 : (1) work; task (2) something; anything in the sentence

* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have (3) happen; occur in the sentence

* 있었다 : past tense of 있다; 있(the stem of 있다) + -었(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)

* 있었는죠? : a short form of 있었는지요?

* 있었는지요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -는지(an interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(a honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있었습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -ㄴ지? / -는지? / -지? / -어? / 아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나 / -ㄴ가 / -는가 / -ㄴ지 / -는지 / -지 / -어 / -아 + -요? : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? : a more honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-스’

4. 10시까지 온다고 했잖아요 : You said you were going to be at here ten / You promised to be here by ten o’clock / I thought you were going to get here at ten / Where were you at ten

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener(“you" omitted) as the speaker indicates he or she doesn't feel so happy

- 10시까지 온다고 했잖니.

- 10시까지 온다고 했잖나.

- 10시까지 온다고 했잖어.

- 10시까지 온다고 했잖아.

- 10시까지 온다고 했잖나요.

- 10시까지 온다고 했잖어요.

- 10시까지 온다고 했잖아요.

- 10시까지 온다고 했잖습니까.

[explanations]

* 10 : ten

* 시 : time; o’clock

* 10시 : [Pronunciation: 열시] at ten

* 까지 : until; up to

* 10시까지 : at ten; by ten

* 오다 : come (here)

* 온다 : present tense of 오다; 오(the stem of 오다) + -ㄴ다(a suffix makes a verb present tense)

* -고 : (1) [-며•그리고] and (also); as well as; and then; both; as well (2) [as the form of -고 하다 / 했다] to do; doing [having done] (3) [as the form of -고 있다 / 있었다] be doing; have done

* -고 하다 : be going to do

* -고 했다 : having done

* -고 있다 : be doing

* -고 있었다 : have done

* 하다 : do

* 했다 : past tense of 하다; 하(the stem of 하다) + -었(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)

* 있다 : be; exist; have

* 있었다 : past tense of 있다; 있(the stem of 있다) + -었(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)

* 했잖니 / 했잖나 / 했잖냐 / 했잖어 / 했잖아 / 했잖나요 / 했잖어요 / 했잖아요 / 했잖습니까 : It is a phase used when the speaker says in a way that resents in a bad mood with being annoying because the listener did not do anything or act that he/she must have done before the current time.

* a verb + -쟎니 / 쟎나 / 쟎어 / 쟎아 : It is used as a suffix to say resentful things accompanied by irritation about not doing something in advance to the listener or to say things that must be hoped for by the listener's response; these are a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -잖나요 / -쟎어요 / -쟎아요 / -쟎습니까 : : It is used as a suffix to say resentful things accompanied by irritation about not doing something in advance to the listener or to say things that must be hoped for by the listener's response; these are an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’

Let’s learn about "약속(appointment)" #24

1. 쟤는 왜 저러니? : What is it with him?

* the followings shows honourific to the listener ("you" omitted) but non-honourific to the person mentioned as "쟤(that boy; that girl; that man; that woman)"

- 쟤는 왜 저러니? (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 왜 저리냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 왜 저래? (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 왜 저러는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 왜 저러는데? (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 왜 저러지? (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 왜 저래요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 쟤는 왜 저러는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 쟤는 왜 저러는데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 쟤는 와 저러지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 쟤는 왜 저러죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; 죠? is a short form of -지요?)

- 쟤는 왜 저럽니까? (formal; honourific)

[explanations]

* 쟤 : [In conversations between family members or very close people, pronouns used to refer to men or women who are younger than or equal to them in a friendly way] that boy, that girl; that man; that woman

* -는 : a suffix makes 쟤 subjective after a word ends in a vowel like "쟤”

* 왜 : why

* 저렇게 : [=저러하게•저와 같이] like that

* 저렇다 : [=저러하게 하다•저와 같다] do like that

* 저러다 : a short form of 저러하게 하다; 저러다 = 저렇다; do like that

* 저래? : 저러(the stem of 저르다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending particle)

* 저럽니까? : 저러(the stem of 저르다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -ㄴ지? / -는지? / -지? / -ㄴ데? / -는데? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending particle)

* a verb + -어 / -ㄴ가 / -는가 / -ㄴ지 / -는지 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -지 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -십니까? / -습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

2. 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦어. 너도 적응이 될 거야 : He’s always late for everything. You’ll get used to it

* 그는 항상 늦어요 : He’s always late / He’s never on time / It’s typical for him to be late / How typical! he’s late again

[other expressions]

* the followings shows honourific to the listener ("you" omitted) but non-honourific to the person mentioned as "쟤(that boy; that girl; that man; that woman)"

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦는다. (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦네. (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦어. (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦군! (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦는군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 쟤는 어디든 늘 늦습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)

- 그는 항상 늦는다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 항상 늦네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 항상 늦어. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 항상 늦군! (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 항상 늦는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 항상 늦구나!. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 항상 늦는구나!. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 항상 늦네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그는 항상 늦어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그는 항상 늦군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그는 항상 늦는군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그는 항상 늦습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific expressions to the listener mentioned as "너”(you) and "오빠"(you as my elder brother")

- 너도 적응이 될 거다 = 너도 적응이 될 것이다. (to younger people or friends)

- 너도 적응이 될 거네 = 너도 적응이 될 것이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 너도 적응이 될 거야 = 너도 적응이 될 것이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 오빠도 적응이 될 거네요 = 오빠도 적응이 될 것이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오빠도 적응이 될 거예요 = 오빠도 적응이 될 것이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오빠도 적응이 될 겁니다 = 오빠도 적응이 될 것입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]

* 쟤 : [In conversations between family members or very close people, pronouns used to refer to men or women who are younger than or equal to them in a friendly way] that boy, that girl; that man; that woman

* 어디 : where

* -든 : a short form of -든지(whether ~ or ~; either ~ or ~)

* 어디든 : a short form of 어디든지(anywhere; wherever)

* 그는 : 그(he) + -는(a suffix makes 그 subjective after a word ends in a vowel like ‘그’)

* 늘 : [a Korean native word] always

* 항상 : [a Hanja word] always

- Hanja means “a Korean word borrowed from Chinese word”

* 늦은 : late

* 늦다 : a verb form of 늦은; be late

* 늦는다 : present form of 늦다; 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -는다(a suffix makes a verb present tense)

* 늦는군! : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -는다(a suffix makes a verb present tense) + -군!(a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix)

* 늦는구나! : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -는다(a suffix makes a verb present tense) + -구나!(a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix)

* 늦습니다 : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + 스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -는다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -는군! / -구나! / -는구나!: a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군 / -는군 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니다 / -습니다 / -십니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-스’ / ‘-시’ 

* 너도 : 너(you; non-honourific word to younger people or friends) + -도(too; also)

* 적응 : fitness; suitability; adaptation; accomodation

* -이 : a suffix makes 적응 subjective

* 되다 : become

* 적응이 되다 : got used to it

* 될 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense and attributive)

* 적응을 하다 = 적응하다 : adjust; be fit for; be suited to; be adapted to

-을 : a suffix makes 적응 objective after a word ends in a consonant like ‘적응’

* 하다 : do; become in 적응을 하다

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing); this is shortened because it is difficult to pronouce 것 more than 거

* -이다 : be

* 거다 : a short form of 것이다; ‘-이’ of a verb 이다 always should be omiited after 거(a thing)

* 겁니다 : 거 + -ㅂ니다(an honourific form of 이다 by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 것입니다 : 것 + -입니다(an honourific form of 이다 by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -다 / -이다 / -네 / -이네 / -야 / -이야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of -이다

* a noun + -네 / -이네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a noun + -예요 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 after a noun ends in a vowel like ‘거’

* a noun + -이에요 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 after a noun ends in a consonant like ‘것’

* a noun + -ㅂ니다 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-ㅂ’

3. 더는 못 기다리겠어 : I can’t wait for him any longer / I can’t wait any more / He’s not coming. I’m just going to go / I can’t wait a minute longer

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific or honourific to the listener ("you" omitted), we don’t know non-honourific or honourific about the person whom the speaker mentions

- 더는 못 기다리겠다.  (to younger people or friends)

- 더는 못 기다리겠네. (to younger people or friends)

- 더는 못 기다리겠군! (to younger people or friends)

- 더는 못 기다리겠구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 더는 못 기다리겠네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 더는 못 기다리겠군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 더는 못 기다리겠습니다.  (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]

* 더 : more

* -는 : a suffix emphasizes 더

* 못 : this word is exactly equal to the english “can’t”

* 기다리다 : wait (for somebody)

* 기다리겠다 : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다) + -겠(the speaker’s will) + -다(the descriptive basic verb ending suffix)

* 기다리겠습니다 : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다) + -겠(the speaker’s will) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다  / -네  : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a noun + -네 / -군 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-습’

4. 나도 그래. 그냥 우리끼리 가자 : Same here. Let’s just go without him / Me too. Let’s just go without him

[other expressions]

* the following are non-honourific or honourific to the listener

- 나도 그래. (to younger people or friends)

- 저도 그래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저도 그렇습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)

- 그냥 우리끼지 가. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 우리끼리 가자. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 우리끼리 가지. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 우리끼리 가요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그냥 우리끼리 가지요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그냥 우리끼리 가죠. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그냥 우리끼리 갑시다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 그냥 우리끼리 가십시다. (more honourific by ‘-십’)

[explanartions]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -도 : also; too

* 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그러따] that is right; so it is; you are right; yes; no; (be) so; be such; a short form of 그러하다

* 그러니 : adjective form of 그렇다; so

ex) 너도 그러니? : Do you feel the same way?

* 그렇게 : like such

ex) 그렇게 하면 : so that

- 그렇게 하면 안 된다 : You shouldn’t do that

* 그럴 : in order to be such

ex) 처음에는 그럴 생각이 아니었다 : I didn't mean to do that at first.

* 그렇고 : be such and then

ex) 그렇고 말고 :  a phrase are considered to be right or admitted to the other party's words or questions.

ex) 그는 (단지) 그렇고 그런 사람일뿐이다: He's just that kind of person. 

* 그래 : adjective form of 그렇다; okay

* 그래요 : 그래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* 그렇습니다 : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 그냥 : (1) as it is; as it stands; as you find it; in that condition; all the way (2) just; only in the sentence

* 우리 : we

* -끼리 :  [as a noun suffix(명사 접미사)] among ourselves [themselves]; by ourselves [themselves]; privately; this means that many people have joined the team

ex) 끼리 : between us

ex) 남자끼리 : between guys 

* 끼리끼리 : separately in groups; in pairs; by twos and threes

ex) 끼리끼리 놀다 : hang out together; play together in groups separately

ex) 끼리끼리 어울리다 : get along well with each other in groups separately

ex) 끼리끼리 흩어지다 : scatter in groups separately

* 낄끼리 : a short form of 끼리끼리

* 가다 : go

* 가 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 가자 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 가지 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -지(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 가요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -아(a propositive verb ending particle) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 가지요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -지(a propositive verb ending particle) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 가죠 : a short form of 가지요

* 갑시다 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㅂ시다(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 가시겠어요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a particle asks a listener’s will) + -어(a propositive verb ending particle) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -아 / -자 / -지 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means “Let’s ~”

* a verb + -아 / -지 + -요 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means “Let’s ~”

* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -시겠어요 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means “Let’s ~”

Let’s learn about "전당”

<Question about "전당”>

"이것은 서울 강남구의 예술의 전당 사진입니다.”의 문장에서 전당의 뜻은 무엇입니까?

<My answer>

전당 :

(1) [=궁전•대궐] a palace

(2) [=크고 화려한 집] a big house; a mansion; [홀] a hall

(3) the most authoritative organization in some field; a place or huge building for the former

- 배움의 전당 : It refers to an institution or a large building or hall where people can learn something.

- 예술의 전당 : It refers to an institution or a large building or hall where artists can learn or perform.

(4) [불교의 절] a temple; a sanctuary

(5) [=담보 잡히다] pawn(ing); a pledge

추분을 생각하며(Thinking about autumn equinox)

오늘이 추분인데, 바람은 선선하고, 햇빛은 따사롭고, 아침 저녁으로 약간 기운이 차가운 듯 하지만 그래도 한낮의 햇빛은 약간 따갑다. 사진으로 찍힌 하늘을 보니 그래도 가을은 무럭 익어가는 듯하니 조금만 지나면 또 낙엽이 형형색색 물들어 단풍이 만발한 풍경이 펼쳐지겠지요.

Today is autumn equinox, and the wind is cool, the sunlight is warm, and it seems a little cold in the morning and evening, but the mid-day sunlight is still a little stinging. Looking at the photographed sky, autumn seems to be ripening, so after a while, the leaves will turn colorful and the autumn leaves will bloom.

Today is "추분(Autumnal Equinox)"

추분(秋分)

2021.09.23. 밤이 길어지는 시기

24절기 중 열여섯 번째 절기.

추분점(秋分點)에 이르러 낮과 밤의 길이가 같아진다. 추분이 지나면 점차 밤이 길어지므로 비로소 여름이 가고 가을이 왔다는 사실을 실감한다.

Autumn equinox.

2021.09.23 The time when the night is getting longer.

The 16th of the 24 solar terms

The length of day and night becomes the same at the equinox point. After the autumn equinox, the night gradually gets longer, so I realize that summer has passed and autumn has come.