1. 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠어 : I wonder whether or not she will show up / I’m not sure if she is coming or not / I don’t think that she’s going to make it / I don’t think she is coming
[other expressions]
- 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠다. (to younger or friends)
- 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠네. (to younger or friends)
- 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠어. (to younger or friends)
- 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠는데. (to younger or friends)
- 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그녀가 올지 안 올지 모르겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 그녀 : she
* -가 : a suffix makes 그녀 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel (그녀)
* 오다 : come
* 올 : 오다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)
* S + V + -ㄹ 지 안 + V + -ㄹ 지 : whether or not S will + V
* 안 + V : this is exactly equal to "not" in English
* 모르다 : don’t know
* 알다 : know
* 모르겠다 : 모르(the verb stem of 모르다) + -겠(a speaker’s conjecture) + -다(a basic descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 모르다 + -겠 + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데(an informal non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 모르다 + -겠 + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요(a informal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 모르다 + -겠 + 스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(a formal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* -는데 / -는데요 : these has a nuance of hesitation to say other people
2. 무슨 말이야? 당연히 올 거야 : What are you talking about? Of course she’ll come
[other expressions]
- 무슨 말이니? (to younger or friends)
- 무슨 말이냐? (to younger or friends)
- 무슨 말이야? (to younger or friends)
- 무슨 말인가? (to younger or friends)
- 무슨 말인지? (to younger or friends)
- 무슨 말이지? (to younger or friends)
- 무슨 말씀인가요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 말씀인지요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 말씀이지요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 말씀이죠? (honouriric by ‘-요’; -이죠 is a short form of -이지요?)
- 무슨 말씀이에요? (honouriric by ‘-요’; -이에요 is used after a noun ends in a consonant)
- 무슨 말씀이신가요? (more honouriric by ‘-시-‘ and ‘-요’)
- 무슨 말씀이신지요? (more honouriric by ‘-시-‘ and ‘-요’)
- 무슨 말씀입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 무슨 말씀이십니까? (more honouriric by ‘-시-‘)
- 당연히 올 거다 = 올 것이다. (to younger or friends)
- 당연히 올 거네 = 올 것이네. (to younger or friends)
- 당연히 올 거야 = 올 것이야. (to younger or friends)
- 당연히 올 건데 = 올 것인데. (to younger or friends)
- 당연히 올 거거든 = 올 것이거든. (to younger or friends)
- 당연히 올 거요 = 올 것이요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 당연히 올 거네요 = 올 것이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 당연히 올 건데요 = 올 것인데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 당연히 올 거거든요 = 올 것이거든요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 당연히 올 거예요 = 올 것이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 당연히 올 겁니다 = 올 것입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 당연히 올텐데. (to younger or friends)
- 당연히 올텐데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
[explanations]
* 무슨 : what
* 말 : a word
* 말씀 : a formal honourific form of 말 to the elderly or unfamilar people
* 이다 : be
* a noun + -이다(be) + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? / -지 : an informal interrogative verb ending suffix to younger people or friends
* a noun + -이다(be) + -ㄴ가 / -ㄴ지 / -지(an informal interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(a informal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* -이지요 : this is always used as a form of -이죠
* a noun + -이다(be) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가 / -ㄴ지 (an informal interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(a informal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a noun + -이에요? : a informal interrogative form of -이다 after a noun ends in a consonant like ‘말씀’
* a noun + -예요? : a informal interrogative form of -이다 after a noun ends in a vowel like ‘차’
* a noun + 이다(be) + -ㅂ니까(a formal honourific interroagtive verb ending suffix to the elderly or unfamilair people)
* 당연히 / 당연하게 : deservedly; appropriately, rightfully; naturally; justly; properly
* 당연한 : just; fair; equitable; correct; suitable, appropriate; proper
* 오다 : come (here)
* 올 : 오다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)
* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* -다 : a short form of 이다(be; exist; have)
* 거다 = 것이다
* 거네 = 것이네
* 거야 = 것이야
* 건데 = 것인데
* 건데 : 거 + -ㄴ데
* 거네요 = 것이네요.
* 거예요 = 것이에요
* 건데요 = 것인데요
* 건데요 : 거 + -ㄴ데 + -요
* 거거든 = 것이거든요
* 겁니다 = 것입니다
* 겁니다 : 거 + -ㅂ니다
* S + V + -ㄹ/을/를 거다 = -ㄹ/을/를 것이다 : S will V; this pattern is used to express a future plan or intention and means the same as "will" or "is going to do" in english. it is formed by adding "-(으)ㄹ 거다 " to the stems of verbs. "-ㄹ 거예요" is used when the verb stem ends in ㄹ or vowel, "-을 거예요" is used when the verb stem ends in a consonant
* S + 아마 + V + -ㄹ/을/를 거다 = S + 아마 + V + ㄹ/을/를 것이다 : S might V
* a noun + -다 / -네 / -야 / -ㄴ데 / -거든 / -이다 / -이네 / -이야 / -인데 / -이거든 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -네요 / -예요 / -ㄴ데요 / -거든요 / -ㅂ니다 / -이네요 / -이에요 / -인데요 / -이거든요 / 입니다 : an honouriric descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ or ‘-ㅂ’
* -ㄴ데 / -인데 / -ㄴ데요 / -인데요 : these have a nuance of hesitation to say
* -거든 / -이거든 / -거든요 / -이거든요 : these have a nuance that a speaker already know but a listener doesn’t know
* 올텐데 : 오다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -텐데(a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others)
* 올텐데요 : 오다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -텐데(a descriptive verb ending suffix that shows a light feeling or disappointment, as well as seeking consent or opinion from others) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* -텐데: a descriptive verb ending suffix used to express a fact with a light feeling, in order to seek consent or opinion from others
3. 지금쯤이면 와야 하는데 = 지금쯤 올 때가 됐는데 = 벌써 왔어야 하는데 : She should be here by now / It’s about time she should have got here / She was supposed to be here / She should have been here hours ago
* It’s about time : ~할 때가 됐다 / 벌써 ~했어야 한다
[other expressions]
- 지금쯤(이면) 와야 한다. (to younger or friends)
- 지금쯤(이면) 와야 하네. (to younger or friends)
- 지금쯤(이면) 와야 하는데. (to younger or friends)
- 지금쯤(이면) 와야 해. (to younger or friends)
- 지금쯤(이면) 와야 하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금쯤(이면) 와야 하는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금쯤(이면) 와야 해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금쯤(이면) 와야 합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 지금쯤(이면) 올 때가 됐다. (to younger or friends)
- 지금쯤(이면) 올 때가 됐네. (to younger or friends)
- 지금쯤(이면) 올 때가 됐는데. (to younger or friends)
- 지금쯤(이면) 올 때가 됐어. (to younger or friends)
- 지금쯤(이면) 올 때가 됐네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금쯤(이면) 올 때가 됐는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금쯤(이면) 올 때가 됐어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금쯤(이면) 올 때가 됐습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 벌써 왔어야 한다. (to younger or friends)
- 벌써 왔어야 하네. (to younger or friends)
- 벌써 왔어야 하는데. (to younger or friends)
- 벌써 왔어야 해. (to younger or friends)
- 벌써 왔어야 하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 벌써 왔어야 하는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 벌써 왔어야 해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 벌써 왔어야 합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 지금 : now
* -쯤 : about; around; approximately
* -이면 : 이다(be) + -면(if)
* 지금쯤(이면) : by now
* 오다 : come
* 와야 : 오(the verb stem of 오다) + -아야(should)
* 하다 : do
* V + -아야 하다 or V + -어야 하다 : should be; should do
* 올 : 오(the verb stem of 오다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense)
* 때 : when
* -가 : a suffix makes 올 때 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in vowel(때)
* 되다 : become
* V + -ㄹ 때가 되다 : It’s time to do something
* S + -이 되다 : A become B; A changed into B
* 벌써 : already
* 왔어야 : 오(the verb stem of 오다) + -았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -어야
* 하다 : do
* V + -아야 하다 or V + -어야 하다 : should be; should do
* 했어야 하다 : someone should have done it
* 한다 : present form of 하다
* 해 : 하(the verb stem of 하다) + -어(an informal non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 합니다 : 하(the verb stem of 하다) + -ㅂ니다(a formal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 됐다 : 되(the verb stem of 되다) + -었(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(an informal non-honourific basic descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 됐습니다 : 되(the verb stem of 되다) + -었(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific after a verb ends in a consonant like ‘됐-‘) + -ㅂ니다(a formal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -어(an informal non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -네 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -어 + -요(a informal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -는데 / -ㄴ데 : It's used when a person is unsure of what he or she thinks and hesitates to say
* a verb + -습니다(a formal more honourific descriptive verb ending suffix after a verb ends in a consonant like ‘됐-‘)
4. 오, 저기 오네요 : Oh, there she is (coming)
[other expressions]
- 오, 저기 온다. (to younger or friends)
- 오, 저기 오네. (to younger or friends)
- 오, 저기 오는데. (to younger or friends)
- 오, 저기 와. (to younger or friends)
- 오, 저기 오네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오, 저기 오는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오, 저기 와요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오, 저기 옵니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 오, 저기 오십니다. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 오 : Oh
* 저기 : there
* 오다 : come
* 온다 : 오(the verb stem of 오다) + ㄴ다(a suffix makes a verb present form)
* 와 : 오(the verb stem of 오다) + -와(an informal non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 옵니다 : 오(the verb stem of 오다) + -ㅂ니다(a formal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 오십니다 : 오(the verb stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific after a verb ends in a vowel like ‘오-‘) + -ㅂ니다(a formal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -는데 / -와(an informal non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -네 / -는데 / -와 + -요(a informal honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -는데 : It's used when a person hesitates to say
* a verb + -십니다(a formal more honourific descriptive verb ending suffix after a verb ends in a vowel like ‘오-‘)
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