1. 왜 이제 와? / 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었어? : Why are you late? / What took you so long?
[other expressions]
* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener(“you" omitted)
- 왜 이제 오니? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이제 오나? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이제 오냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이제 오는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이제 오는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이제 오지? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이제 와? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이제 오나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 왜 이제 오는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 왜 이제 오지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 왜 이제 오죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 왜 이제 와요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 왜 이제 오시지요? (more honourfic by ‘-시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 왜 이제 오시죠? (more honourfic by ‘-시’;
- 왜 이제 오세요? (more honourfic by ‘-시’)
- 왜 이제 오십니까? (formal; more honourfic by ‘-시’)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었니? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었나? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었지? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었어? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었셨어요? (more honourfic by ‘-시’)
- 뭐 때문에 이렇게 늦었습니까? (formal; more honourfic by ‘-시’)
[other expressions]
* 왜 : why
* 이제 : now, present time, present moment; this can be replaced by “지금”(now)
* 오다 : come (here)
* 와? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -아(an non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 와요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -아(an non-honourific interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(a honourific verb ending suffix)
* 오시죠? : a short form of 오시지요?
* 오시지요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -지(an interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(a honourific verb ending suffix)
* 오세요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -어(an interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 오십니까? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -ㄴ지? / -는지? / -지? / -어? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나 / -ㄴ가 / -는가 / -ㄴ지 / -는지 / -지 / -어 / -아 + -요? : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -시지요? / -시죠? / -세요? / -십니까? : a more honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-시’
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what). therefore 뭐 can be replaced by 무엇
* 때문 / 때문에 : because (of)
* 이렇다 : [Pronunciation: 이러타] a short form of 이러하다(be like this)
* 이러니 / 이래 : an adjective form of 이렇다
* 이렇게 : [Pronunciation: 이러케] an adverb form of 이렇다; thus; so (many, much); like this; in this way [manner]
* 늦은 : late
* 늦다 : be late
* 늦었다 : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)
* 늦었죠? : a short form of 늦었지요?
* 늦었지요? : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -지(an interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(a honourific verb ending suffix)
* 늦었셨습니까? : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* -었/았 + 시 + -였 : this expressions makes a verb more and more honourific to the listener
* 늦었습니까? : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -ㄴ지? / -는지? / -지? / -어? / 아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나 / -ㄴ가 / -는가 / -ㄴ지 / -는지 / -지 / -어 / -아 + -요? : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -셨어요 ? / -습니까? : a more honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-시’ / ‘-스’
2. 오는 길에 교통사고 났어 : There was a car accident on the way
[other expressions]
* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener(“you" omitted) to know what I have experienced just a moment ago
- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났다. (to younger people or friends)
- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났네. (to younger people or friends)
- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났어. (to younger people or friends)
- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오는 길에 교통사고(가) 났습니다. (formal; more honourfic by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 오다 : come (here)
* 오는 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -는(a suffix indicates that a certain movement or state is in progress and makes a verb attributive)
* 길 : a way; a road
* -에 : a place suffix means "at/on/in"
* 오는 길에 : on the way
* 교통 : (1) traffic; communication; transportation; transport; transit; navigation (2) a car
* 사고 : an accident
* 교통사고 : a car accident
* -가 : a suffix makes 교통사고 the topic of the sentence; this omiited
* 나다 : (1) happen: occur (2) come out
* 났다 : past tense of 나다: 나(the stem of 나다) + ㅆ(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)
* 났습니다 : 나(the stem of 나다) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 : a more honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-습’
3. 무슨 일 있있어요? : What happened? / Did anything go wrong? / Did something happen?
[other expressions]
* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener(“you" omitted) to ask him
- 무슨 일 있었니? (to younger people or friends)
- 무슨 일 있었나? (to younger people or friends)
- 무슨 일 있었냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 무슨 일 있었는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 무슨 일 있었는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 무슨 일 있었어? (to younger people or friends)
- 무슨 일 있었나요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 일 있었는가요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 일 있었는지요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 일 있었는죠? (honouriric by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 무슨 일 있었어요? (honouriric by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 일 있었습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 무슨 : what; this can be replaced by 뭔
* 일 : (1) work; task (2) something; anything in the sentence
* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have (3) happen; occur in the sentence
* 있었다 : past tense of 있다; 있(the stem of 있다) + -었(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)
* 있었는죠? : a short form of 있었는지요?
* 있었는지요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -는지(an interrogative verb ending particle) + -요(a honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있었습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -었/았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -ㄴ지? / -는지? / -지? / -어? / 아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나 / -ㄴ가 / -는가 / -ㄴ지 / -는지 / -지 / -어 / -아 + -요? : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? : a more honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-스’
4. 10시까지 온다고 했잖아요 : You said you were going to be at here ten / You promised to be here by ten o’clock / I thought you were going to get here at ten / Where were you at ten
[other expressions]
* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener(“you" omitted) as the speaker indicates he or she doesn't feel so happy
- 10시까지 온다고 했잖니.
- 10시까지 온다고 했잖나.
- 10시까지 온다고 했잖어.
- 10시까지 온다고 했잖아.
- 10시까지 온다고 했잖나요.
- 10시까지 온다고 했잖어요.
- 10시까지 온다고 했잖아요.
- 10시까지 온다고 했잖습니까.
[explanations]
* 10 : ten
* 시 : time; o’clock
* 10시 : [Pronunciation: 열시] at ten
* 까지 : until; up to
* 10시까지 : at ten; by ten
* 오다 : come (here)
* 온다 : present tense of 오다; 오(the stem of 오다) + -ㄴ다(a suffix makes a verb present tense)
* -고 : (1) [-며•그리고] and (also); as well as; and then; both; as well (2) [as the form of -고 하다 / 했다] to do; doing [having done] (3) [as the form of -고 있다 / 있었다] be doing; have done
* -고 하다 : be going to do
* -고 했다 : having done
* -고 있다 : be doing
* -고 있었다 : have done
* 하다 : do
* 했다 : past tense of 하다; 하(the stem of 하다) + -었(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)
* 있다 : be; exist; have
* 있었다 : past tense of 있다; 있(the stem of 있다) + -었(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a verb basic ending suffix)
* 했잖니 / 했잖나 / 했잖냐 / 했잖어 / 했잖아 / 했잖나요 / 했잖어요 / 했잖아요 / 했잖습니까 : It is a phase used when the speaker says in a way that resents in a bad mood with being annoying because the listener did not do anything or act that he/she must have done before the current time.
* a verb + -쟎니 / 쟎나 / 쟎어 / 쟎아 : It is used as a suffix to say resentful things accompanied by irritation about not doing something in advance to the listener or to say things that must be hoped for by the listener's response; these are a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -잖나요 / -쟎어요 / -쟎아요 / -쟎습니까 : : It is used as a suffix to say resentful things accompanied by irritation about not doing something in advance to the listener or to say things that must be hoped for by the listener's response; these are an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
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