1. 오늘 저녁에 시간 있어요? : Are you free tonight? / Do you have time tonight? / Do you have any plans for tonight? / Doing anything tonight?
[other expressions]
* The following shows non-honouriric and honourific to the listener when the speaker asks
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있지? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 오늘 저녁에 시간 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 오늘 : today
* 저녁 : evening
* 저녁에 : in the evening; -에 means "in"
* 오늘 저녁(에) : tonight
* 시간 : time; spare time in the sentence
* -이 : a suffix makes 시간 the topic of the sentence; this omitted
* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have in the sentence
* 있죠? : a short form of 있지요?
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -어요(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 있으셔요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -여요(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -는지? / -지? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -는가? / -는지? / -지? + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -으세요? / -으셔요? / -습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
2. 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있으세요? : Do you have any special plans for tonight?
* The following shows non-honouriric and honourific to the listener when the speaker asks
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있지? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 오늘 밤에 특별한 계획 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 오늘 : today
* 밤 : night
* 밤에 : at night; -에 : a time suffix means "at"
* 오늘 밤(에) : tonight
* 특별한 : special; -한 : a suffix makes a noun adjective after this attached to a noun
* 특별 : exception; particularity; speciality
* 계획 : plans
* -이 : a suffix makes 시간 the topic of the sentence; this omitted
* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have in the sentence
* 있죠? : a short form of 있지요?
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -어요(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 있으셔요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -여요(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -는지? / -지? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -는가? / -는지? / -지? + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -으세요? / -으셔요? / -습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
3. 네. 데이트가 있어요 : Yes. I do. I have a date
[other expressions]
* The following shows non-honouriric and honourific to the listener when the speaker responds
- 응 (to younger people or friends)
- 그래. (to younger people or friends)
- 네. (honourific)
- 예. (formal; honourific)
- 데이트가 있다. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이트가 있네. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이트가 있어. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이트가 있어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 데이트가 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 응 / 그래 : yes (non-honourific to younger people or friends)
* 네 / 예 : yes (honourific to the elderly)
* 데이트 : having a date
* -가 : a suffix makes 데이트 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have in the sentence
* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
4. 우리 집에 저녁 드시러 오세요? : Can you come over to my place for dinner? / Would you like to come to my house for dinner? / Why don’t we have dinner at my place? / We should have dinner at my house?
[other expressions]
* the followings are non-honorific and honourific to the listener when the speaker requests
- 우리 집에 저녁 먹으러 와. (to younger people or friends)
- 우리 집에 저녁 먹으러 와라. (to younger people or friends)
- 우리 집에 저녁 먹으러 올래. (to younger people or friends)
- 저희 집에 저녁 드시러 올래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저희 집에 저녁 드시러 와요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저희 집에 저녁 드시러 오셔요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 저희 집에 저녁 드시러 오세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 저희 집에 저녁 드시러 오십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 저희 집에 저녁 드시러 오시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 저희 집에 저녁 드시러 오시겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 우리 : (1) we; our (2) I; my in the sentence; 우리 often means "I or my" in English
* 저희 : an honourific form of 우리
* 집 : house; home
* 우리 집 / 저희 집 : my house; my place
* -에 : a place suffix means "at"
* 저녁 : (1) evening (2) [=저녁 식사] dinner in the sentence
* -을 : a suffix makes 저녁 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 먹다 : eat
* 드시다 : an honourific form of 먹다 to the elderly or other people
* 먹으러 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -으러(in order to do)
* 드시러 : 드시(the stem of 드시다) + -러(in order to do)
* 오다 : come (over)
* 와 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 와 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 올래 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 오세요 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -어요(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 오셔요 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -여요(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 오십시오 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 오시겠어요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(one’s will) + -어요(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 오시겠습니까? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Would you like to ~"
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요? / -시겠습니까? : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix by ‘시’ or ‘-스’; these means "Would you like to ~"
5. 그럼요. 갈게요. 뭐라도 가져갈까요? : Sure, I’d love to. Shall I bring anything?
[other expressions]
* the followings are non-honorific and honourific to the listener when the speaker responds and asks
- 응. (to younger people or friends)
- 그래. (to younger people or friends)
- 그래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그럼요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 네. (honourific)
- 예. (formal; honourific)
- 갈게. (to younger people or friends)
- 갈게요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 가겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
- 뭐라도 가져갈까? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐라도 가져갈까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
[explanations]
* 응 / 그래 : yes (non-honourific to younger people or friends)
* 그래요 / 네 / 예 : yes (honourific to the elderly or other people)
* 그럼요 : Sure (honourific to the elderly or other people)
* 가다 : go (over)
* 갈게 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -게(the speaker’s will)
* 가겠습니다 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -겠(the speaker’s will) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -ㄹ게 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix means "I will ~"
* a verb + -ㄹ게 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -겠습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-습-‘; this means "I will ~"
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)
* -라도 : (1) even; though; even if (2) however (3) any in the sentence
* 가지다 : take; have
* 가지고 : 가지(the stem of 가지다) + -고(and) this means "with" in the sentence)
* 가다 : go
* 가지고 가다 = 가져가다 : bring
* 가져갈까 : 가져가(the stem of 가져가다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -까(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -ㄹ까? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Shall I ~?"
* a verb + -ㄹ까? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
6. 아니에요. 그냥 오세요 : No. no. Just bring yourself
[other expressions]
* the followings are non-honorific and honourific to the listener when the speaker responds
- 아니다. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니네. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니야. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 그냥 와. (to younger people or friends)
- 그냥 와라. (to younger people or friends)
- 그냥 와요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그냥 오세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 그냥 오셔요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 그냥 오십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 아니다 : no; be not
* 아닙니다 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -에요 / -ㅂ니다 : a honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
* 그냥 : just
* 오다 : come (over)
* 와 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 와라 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 오세요 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -어요(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 오셔요 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -여요(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 오십시오 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -아 / -아라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix by ‘시’ or ‘-스’; these means "Please ~"
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