1. (선약이 있어서) 그날은 곤란해 : That’s a bad day for me / I won’t be able to make it on that day / I can’t make it because I have a prior engagements to attend to on that day / I already made plans for that day so / I don’t think I could make it
[other expressions]
* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener when the speaker responds
- 그날은 곤란하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그날은 곤란하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그날은 곤란해. (to younger people or friends)
- 그날은 곤란하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 그날은 곤란하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 그날은 곤란하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그날은 곤란해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그날은 곤란하군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그날은 곤란합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 선약 : a prior engagement
* -이 : a suffix makes 선약 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* 있다 : be; exist; have
* 있어서 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -어서(because of)
* 그 : that
* 날 : day
* -은 : a time suffix means "on »
* 그날은 : on that day
* 곤란 : difficulty; trouble; distress; hardship; embarrassment; perplexity
* 곤란한 : difficult; distressful; troublesome
* 곤란하다 : a verb form of 곤란한
* 곤란해 : 곤란하(the stem of 곤란하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 곤란합니다 : 곤란하(the stem of 곤란하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : a honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’
2. 그럼 니가 날짜를 말해 봐 : You tell me the day then
[other expressions]
* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener when the speaker asks back
- 그럼 니가 날짜를 말해 봐. (to younger people or friends)
- 그럼 니가 날짜를 말해 봐라. (to younger people or friends)
- 그럼 니가 날짜를 말해 볼래. (to younger people or friends)
- 그럼 오빠가 날짜를 말해 봐요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그럼 오빠가 날짜를 말해 볼래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그럼 사장님이 날짜를 말씀해 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘말씀’ and ‘-시’)
- 그럼 사장님이 날짜를 말씀해 주세요. (more honourific by ‘말씀’ and ‘-시’)
- 그럼 사장님이 날짜를 말씀해 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘말씀’ and ‘-시’)
- 그럼 사장님이 날짜를 말씀해 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘말씀’ and ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 그럼 = 그러면 : then
* 니 : you (non-honourific to younger people or friends)
* 오빠 : elder brother of a girl or elder boy-friend these days
* -가 : a suffix makes 니 / 오빠 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 사장 : the president of a company
* 사장님 : an honourific form of 사장
* -이 : a suffix makes 사장님 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 말 : a word
* 말씀 : an honourific form of 말 to the elderly
* 말하다 : say; tell; speak
* 말씀하다 : an honourific form of 말하다 to the elderly
* 말해 : 말하(the stem of 말하다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 말씀해 : 말씀하(the stem of 말씀하다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) try in the sentence
* -어 보다 : try to do
* 봐 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 봐라 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 볼래 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* 말해 봐 / 말해 봐라 / 말해 볼래 / 말해 봐요 / 말해 볼래요 : try to tell me ~
* 말씀해 보세요 / 말씀해 보십시오 / 말씀해 보시겠어요 : these phrases generally not used because of being arrogant and rude to the elderly
* 주다 : (1) give (2) please in the sentence as the forl of "-어 주다"
* -어 주다 : please ~ (as a propositive expressions)
* 말씀해 주실래요 / 말씀해 주세요 / 말씀해 주십시오 / 말씀해 주시겠어요 : please tell me ~
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(a honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener’s will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix by ‘-시’ and ‘-요’ / ‘-오’
3. 여기가 스미스 씨 댁 맞나요? : Is this Mr. smith’s residence? / Is this where Mr. smith residence? / Does Mr. smith live here?
[other expressions]
- 여기가 스미스 씨 댁 맞니? (to child or younger people or friends)
- 여기가 스미스 씨 댁 맞나? (to child or younger people or friends)
- 여기가 스미스 씨 댁 맞냐? (to child or younger people or friends)
- 여기가 스미스 씨 댁 맞아? (to child or younger people or friends)
- 여기가 스미스 씨 댁 맞나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 여기가 스미스 씨 댁 맞아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 여기가 스미스 씨 댁 맞습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 여기 : here; this house in the sentence
* -가 : a place suffix emphasizes 여기
* 스미스 씨 : Mr. smith
* 집 : a house; a residence
* 댁 : an honourific form of 집 to the elderly’s house
* -이 : a suffix makes 댁 subjective afer a word ends in a consonant
* 맞다 : be right
* 맞은 : right
* 맞습니까? : 맞(the stem of 맞다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -아? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ’
4. 스미스 씨 계세요? : Is Mr. smith in? / Is Mr. smith there? / Is Mr. smith available?
[other expressions]
- 스미스 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 스미스 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 스미스 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 스미스 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 스미스 씨 계세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 스미스 씨 계시나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 스미스 씨 계십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 스미스 : Smith; this is a vocative case
* 스미스 씨 : Mr. smith; this is a vocative case
* 있다 : be; exist
* 계시다 : an honourific form of 있다 to the elderly
* 계세요? : 계시(the stem of 계시다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 계시나요? : 계시(the stem of 계시다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -나(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 계십니까? : 계시(the stem of 계시다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요? / -시나요? / -십니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-시’ / ‘-ㅂ’
5. 네. 계세요. 지금 가서 모시고 올게요 : Yes. He is. I’ll get him for you right away
[other expressions]
- 응. (non-honourific to younger people or friends)
- 네. (honourific)
- 예. (formal; honourific)
- 있다. (to younger people or friends)
- 있네. (to younger people or friends)
- 있어. (to younger people or friends)
- 계세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 계십니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
* the following shows non-honourific or honourific to the listener but non-honourific to the one the speaker brings
- 지금 가서 데리고 올게. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 가서 데리고 올게요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금 다서 데리고 오겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
* the following shows non-honourific or honourific to the listener but honourific to the one the speaker brings
- 지금 가서 모시고 올게. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 가서 모시고 올게요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금 가서 모시고 오겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 응 : yes (non-honourific to younger people or friends)
* 네 / 예 : yes (honourific to the elderly)
* 있다 : be; exist
* 계시다 : an honourific form of 있다 to the elderly
* 계세요 : 계시(the stem of 계시다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 계십니다 : 계시(the stem of 계시다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -십니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-시’ / ‘-요’
* 지금 : right now
* 가다 : go
* 가서 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -서(and then)
* 데리고 오다 : bring someone who is younger than the speaker or the same age as the speaker
* 모시고 오다 : bring someone who is elder than the speaker
* 올게 : 오(the stem of 오다) + ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(the speaker’s will) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix; contracted into -게)
* 올게요 : 오(the stem of 오다) + ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(the speaker’s will in the future) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix; this contracted into -게) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 오겠습니다 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -게(the speaker’s will in the future) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -ㄹ게 : I will (as a on-honourific form)
* a verb + -ㄹ게요 / -겠습니다 : I will (as a honourific form)
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