1. 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 돼요 : Thanks for the invitation, but I don’t think I have the time / I don’t have the time, but thanks anyway / I don’t have the time, but thanka all the time / I appreciate the invitation, but I’m all booked for the weekend
[other expressions]
* the following shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener as the speaker responds
- 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같다. (to younger people or friends)
- 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같네. (to younger people or friends)
- 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같아. (to younger people or friends)
- 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같군! (to younger people or friends)
- 초대는 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 초대해 주셔서 고맙지만, 시간이 안 돼요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 초대해 주셔서 고맙지만, 시간이 안 됩니다. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 초대해 주셔서 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 초대해 주셔서 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 초대해 주셔서 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 초대해 주신 건 고맙지만, 시간이 안 돼요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 초대해 주신 건 고맙지만, 시간이 안 됩니다. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 초대해 주신 건 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 초대해 주신 건 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 초대해 주신 건 고맙지만, 시간이 안 될 것 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
[explanations]
* 초대 : invitation
* -는 : a suffix makes 초대 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 초대하다 : invite
* 초대해 : 초대하(the stem of 초대하다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 주다 : (1) give; give away; present; bestow; confer; grant; donate; provide (2) do for a person as the form of -어 주다 or -여 주다
* 초대해 주다 : do for an invitation; invite someone for providing something for him or her
* 주시다 : an honourific word of 주다 to the elderly
* 주셔서 : 주시(the stem of 주시다) + -여서/어서/아서(because of; owing to)
* 주신 : 주시(the stem of 주시다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and attributive)
* 건 : 거(a short form of 것; a thing; a fact) + ㄴ(a short form of 은; a suffix makes 거 subjective after a word ends in a vowel)
* 고마운 : thank
* 고맙다 : be thank
* 고맙지만 : 고맙(the stem of 고맙다) + -지만(but)
* 시간 : time: spare time
* -이 : a suffix makes 초대 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* 안 : this is exaxtly equal to "not" in English
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do
* 안 되다 : can’t; be not able to do
* 돼 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 될 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)
* 것 : a thing; a stuff; this can be replaced to 거 to pronounce easily
* 같다 : (1) be equal to (2) seem; look
* -ㄹ 것 같다 / ㄹ 거 같다 : (1) seem; look like (2) I think ~
* 같습니다 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatiry verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -아 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘습’ / ‘-ㅂ’
2. 시간을 낼 수 없겠어요? : Can’t make the time?
[other expressions]
* the following shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener as the speaker asks
- 시간을 낼 수 없겠니? (to younger people or friends)
- 시간을 낼 수 없겠나? (to younger people or friends)
- 시간을 낼 수 없겠냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 시간을 낼 수 없겠어? (to younger people or friends)
- 시간을 낼 수 없겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 시간을 낼 수 없겠습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 시간 : time; spare time
* -을 : a suffix makes 시간 objective after a worr ends in a consonant
* 내다 : make
* 낼 : 내(the stem of 내다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)
* 수 : a way; a means
* 없다 : be not; not exist
* -ㄹ 수 없다 : be not able to do; can’t do
* 없겠다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener’s will) + -다(a non-honourific basic verb ending suffix)
* 없겠습니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-습’ / ‘-ㅂ’
3. 네. 안 되겠어요. 미안해요 : No. (I can’t.) sorry
[other expressions]
* the following shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener as the speaker responds
- 응. (to younger people or friends)
- 네. (honourific)
- 예. (formal; honourific)
- 안 되겠어. (to younger people or friends)
- 안 되겠어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 안 되겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 미안하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 미안하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 미안하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 미안하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 미안해. (to younger people or friends)
- 미안하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 미안하군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 미안해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 미안합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 응 : no (a non-honourific to younger peope or friends)
* 네 / 예 : no (an honourific to the elderly)
* You should answer "응/네/예 when someone asks you as a phrase like "안 되겠습니까?". It is not similar with English.
* 안 : this is exaxtly equal to "not" in English
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do
* 안 되다 : can’t; be not able to do
* 되겠어 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(the speaker’s possibility) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 되겠어요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(the speaker’s possibility) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되겠습니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 미안한 : sorry
* 미안하다 : be sorry
* 미안해 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 미안합니다 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatiry verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -아 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘습’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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