Let’s learn about "약속(appointment)" #26

1. 늦어서 미안해 : I’m sorry I’m late / I apologize for being late

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener because the speaker’s late

- 늦어서 미안하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 늦어서 미안하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 늦어서 미안하군. (to younger people or friends)

- 늦어서 미안하구나. (to younger people or friends)

- 늦어서 미안해. (to younger people or friends)

- 늦어서 미안하군요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 늦어서 미안해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 늦어서 미안합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]

* 늦은 : late

* 늦다 : be late

* 늦어서 : 늦(the stem of 늦다) + -어서(because of)

* 미안하다 : be sorry; apologize for

* 미안해 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 미안합니다 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -네 /  -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군 / -구나 : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -어 / -군 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-습-‘

2. 괜찮아. 나도 방금 왔어 : That’s okay. I just got here

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener as the speaker responds

- 괜찮다. (to younger people or friends)

- 괜찮네. (to younger people or friends)

- 괜찮아. (to younger people or friends)

- 괜찮아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 괜찮습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)

- 나도 방금 왔다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나도 방금 왔네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나도 방금 왔어. (to younger people or friends)

- 저도 방금 왔어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저도 방금 왔습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)

[explanations]

* 괜찮다 : [Pronunciation: 괜찬타] O.K., alright, acceptable

* 괜찮습니다 : 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 나 : I (non-honourific to younger or friends)

* 저 : I (honourific to the elderly)

* -도 : too; also; this is used instead of -는(a suffix makes 나 / 저 subjective. therefore this makes 나 / 저 subjective)

* 방금 : just now

* 오다 : come; get here

* 왔다 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a descriptive verb basic suffix)

* 왔습니다 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -네 /  -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-습-‘

3. 기다리게 해서 미안해요 : Sorry I made you wait / I’m sorry to have kept you wait / Sorry you had to wait

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener as the speaker is sorry

- 기다리게 해서 미안하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 기다리게 해서 미안하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 기다리게 해서 미안하군. (to younger people or friends)

- 기다리게 해서 미안하구나. (to younger people or friends)

- 기다리게 해서 미안해. (to younger people or friends)

- 기다리게 해서 미안하군요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 기다리게 해서 미안해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 기다리게 해서 미안합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’) 

[explanations]

* 기다리다 : wait

* 기다리게 하다 : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다) + -게 하다(this is a causative verb like "have or make someone do" in English)

* 해서 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -어서(because of)

* 미안하다 : be sorry; apologize for

* 미안해 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 미안합니다 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -네 /  -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군 / -구나 : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -어 / -군 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-습-‘

4. 오래 기다렸어요? : Did you have to wait long? / Have you been waiting for a long time? / Were you here for long?

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener as the speaker ask

- 오래 기다렸니? (to younger people or friends)

- 오래 기다렸나? (to younger people or friends)

- 오래 기다렸냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 오래 기다렸는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 오래 기다렸는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 오래 기다렸지? (to younger people or friends)

- 오래 기다렸어? (to younger people or friends)

- 오래 기다렸나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오래 기다렸는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오래 기다렸는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오래 기다렸지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오래 기다렸죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 오래 기다렸어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오래 기다렸습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-습-‘)

[explanations]

* 오래 = 오랫동안 : for a long time

* 기다리다 : wait (for)

* 기다렸다 : past tense of 기다리다; 기다리(the stem of 기다리다) + -였(a particle makes a verv past tense) + -다(a descriptive basic verb ending suffix)

* 기다렸습니까? : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다) + -였(a particle makes a verv past tense) + 스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -는지? / -지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나 / -는가 / -는지 / -지 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* -죠? : a shortened form of -지요?

* a verb + -습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-습’

5. 네. 한 시간 전에 왔어요 : Yes. I got here an hour ago

[other expressions]

* the followings shows non-honourific and honourific to the listener as the speaker responds

- 응 (to younger or friends)

- 그래. (to younger or friends)

- 네. (honourific)

- 예. (formal; honourific)

- 한 시간 전에 왔다. (to younger people or friends)

- 한 시간 전에 왔네. (to younger people or friends)

- 한 시간 전에 왔어. (to younger people or friends)

- 한 시간 전에 왔네요. (honourific by ‘-요’ but a little cynical)

- 한 시간 전에 왔어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 한 시간 전에 왔습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습-‘)

[explanations]

* 응 / 그래 : yes (non-honourific to younger people or friends)

* 네 / 예 : yes (honourific to the elderly)

* 한 : one

* 시간 : time; o’clock

* 전 : before

* -에 : a time suffix means "at/on/in"

* 한 시간 전에 : an hour ago

* 오다 : come

* 왔다 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -다(a descriptive basic verb ending suffix)

* 왔습니다 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -았(a particle makes a verb past tense) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -네 /  -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-습-‘