The basic meaning has a meaning as follows.
1) go to someplace
2) move towards somebody
3) stay for a minute after being come to place
4) go by transportation, take a taxi to
5) leave for someplace
6) visit someplace or sombody
<Usage of “가다”, “간다”>
1) 나도 함께 가면 안될까요?
나 : i
나도 : i am (too)
~~도 : be too
함께 : with
~~ 면 : if
가면 : if go <— 가다 + 면
되다 : become, be able to do
안되다, 안된다 : can’t do
될까요 ? may i do ?
안 : a negation suffix like “안된다”(can’t do)
안될까요 ? may i do ? (this is inquisitive/questioning)
(1) May I go with you? —> in case that you is my target of movement
(2) May i come with you? —> in case that i can follow you
2) 지금 곧 갑니다. I'll be there right away.
지금 : just now, right now
곧, 금방 : soon
지금 곧, 금방 : right away
갑니다 : will go (there) <— 가다 + ㅂ니다(a suffix has a meaning of little respect
3) 금방 택시타고 갈께! right now i take a taxi to you!
택시 : taxi
택시타고 by taxi
갈께 : i will go <— 가다 + 할께(it makes future tense)
~~께 : a suffix has charming nuance when notify my decision
할께 : i will do (that) <— 하다(do) + ㄹ (this consonant makes future tense) +께
4) 내년에 난 한국갈거야! next year i have a plan to leave for korea !
내년(에) : next year (~~에 : a time suffix)
난, 나는 : i
한국 : korea
갈꺼야! will go
~~꺼야 : a suffix has a boastful manner
5) 난 지금 학교간당! i leave for school just now
지금 : (just) now
학교 : school
간다 : leave for some place
~~당 : a suffix has a boastful and charming nuance
6) 서울 가는 기차. a train (bound) for Seoul.
서울 : Seoul, capital city of korea
기차 : train
가는 : bound for some place
7) 뉴욕에서 보스톤으로 가는 배. a ship bound from New York to Boston.
뉴욕 : New York
보스톤 : Boston
~~에서 : from some place
~~으로 : to some place, towards some place
배 : (1) ship, boat (2) pear (3) belly (4) heart, mind
8) 걸어서 가다. walk/go on foot
(1) 난 매일 (지하철)역에서 집까지 걸어 간다. every day i go on foot from (subway) station to my home.
난 : i
매일, 날마다 : everyday
매 : every
일 : day
날 : (1) day (2) weather (3) blade of a knife/saw
~~까지 : until, to where/time
(2) 우리 걸어 갈까 아니면 택시타고 갈까 ? shall we walk or take a taxi ?
우리 : we
걷다 : walk, go on foot
걸어 가다 : walk, go on foot
택시타다 : take a taxi
택시타고 가다 : take a taxi and go there
아니다 : be not, never
~~면 : if
아니면 : if not
9) 서울에 가다. 서울가다. go to Seoul.
10) 학교에 가다. 학교가다 go to school, attend school
학교 : school
~~에 : a place suffix, towards, for somewhere
11) 부산까지 1등석을 타고 가다. travel[go] to Pusan first-class.
부산 : Pusan is thesecond big city in korea
~~까지 : (1) to, towards (2) up to some level
1등, 일등 : first class
석 : (1) a seat, a place (2) three (3) jewel (4) tin (5) straw sack
1등석, 일등석 : first-class (seat) of train/bus/airplane/ship
타다 : ride. get on. get in (transportation)
타고 가다 : go to someplace by transportation
12) 시골에 가다. 시골가다. 시골간다. go down to the country.
시골 : (1) country, cojntryside, rural area (2) one’s hometown
13) 동대문(시장)까지 가다. 동대문(시장) 간다. go as far as Tongdaemun (market).
동대문 : Tonddaemun (market) is one of the famous market of Seoul in korea
14) 똑바로 가다. go straight on[ahead].
똑바로 : straight ahead
바로 : (1) right, direct (2) immediately, just. straight away
15) 나는 매일 아침 8시에 학교에 간다. I go to school[leave for school] at eight every morning.
매일 : everyday, daily, each day
아침 : morning
시 : o’clock
8시. 여덟시에 : at night (o’clock)
~~에 : a time suffix
학교에. 학교로 : for/to school
~~에, ~~으로, ~~로 : a place/direction suffix
16) 나는 걸어서 학교에 간다. I go to school on foot.
나는 : i
걷다 : walk, gonon foot
걸어서 : on foot
간다 : go (to place), leave for (place)
17) 그는 내달에 미국에 간다. He will go to[leave for] America next month.
그는 : he
내 : next
달, 월 : month
내달(에) : next month
미국 : America
~~에, ~~으로, ~~로 : a place/direction suffix
18) 나는 내주에 비행기로 런던에 갑니다. I'm flying to London next week.
내 : next
주 : week
내주(에) : next week
비행기 : airplane, aircraft. airospace, aviation
비행기로 : by airplane
~~로 : by (using) transportation
런던 : London
~~에, ~~으로, ~~로 : a place/direction suffix
갑니다 : go (to place) —> this mainly is used to the elder or the same age, but these days to everybody with courtecy
19) 내일 댁에 가도 되겠습니까? May I come and see[call on] you tomorrow?
내 : next
일 : (1) a day (2) a job, a task, a work
내일 : next day
댁 : house/home of the elder
~~에, ~~으로, ~~로 : a place/direction suffix
댁에 가다 : come and see (you), go to your house and see you
되다 : (1) become, be, exist <— this “되다” has a basic meaning of “be made/became by something/somebody” (2)be able to do
가도 된다 : be able to come to somewhere, be able to come to somewhere (with you/us)
가도 될까요 ? : may i come and see you ? may i call on you ?
가도 되겠습니까 ? : this is equal to “가도 될까요?”. but this is used to the elder
되겠습니까 ? : 되다(be able to do / become / be / exist) + 겠(this makes future tense) + 습니까(a question form of “습니다” (be verb with respect)
습니까 ? : 습(this makes respect nuance) + 니(this is “이” of “이다”) + 까(a question suffix)
* if last consonant of a word meets “이”, then “이” change into “니”.
“ㄹ” letter of “될까요?, “할까요” and so on : a suffix makes future tense like shall we do / should i do.
~~까요 : a question suffix to the elder or the same age
~~할까요 ? shall we do ? should i do ? <— 하다 + ㄹ + 까요 ?
내가 그에게 말할까요 ? 내가 그에게 말해야 해? 내가 그한테 말해야 하나 ? Should i tell him ?
내가 : i
그 : he
그에게, 그한테 : to him
~~에게, ~~한테 : this makes indirect object
말하다 : tell, say to somebody, speak to somebody
말할까요? : 말하다 + 하다 + 까요?
말해야 해? : shall we tell somebody, should i tell somebody <— 말하다 + 해야 해(shall we do / should i do)?
해야 한다 : should do / must do / ought to do <— 하다(do) + (이)야 한다(should / must / ought to)
* 하다 + 이야 한다 —> 해야 한다. “다” of “하다” omitted. “하” + “이” contracted into “해”
해야 해 ? 해야 하나 ? : shall we do ? should i do ?
해야 해 ? / 해야 하나 ?: this is a question form of “해야 한다”
~~해 ? : a question suffix
~~해 : a command suffix to the younger or the same age
~~하나 ? ~~나 ? : a question suffix with asking again
20) 「어디 갔다 왔니」 「슈퍼에 쇼핑하러 갔다 왔어 / 슈퍼에 쇼핑 갔다 왔어 / 슈퍼에 쇼핑 갔다 왔다」 "Where have you been?" "I've been to the supermarket to do some shopping.".
어디(에) : where
가다 : go
갔다 : this is past tense of “가다”
오다 : come
왔다 : this is past tense of “오다”
왔니 ? : 왔다 + 니(a question suffix to the younger or the sams age)?
슈퍼, 슈퍼마켓 : supermarket
쇼핑 : shopping
쇼핑하다 : do shopping
쇼핑가다 : go shopping
왔어 / 왔어요 : this equal to “왔다”.
왔어 is a short form of “왔어요”.
“왔어요” has a charming nuance because of “요”(this express winsome attitude)
왔어 ? / 왔어요 this is a question form of “왔다”
왔어? is a short form of “왔어요?”
“왔어요?” has a charming nuance
21) 뉴욕에 가 본적이 있니? Have you ever been to New York?
뉴욕에 안가봤지 ? Have you never been to New York ?
~~에 : a place suffix like at, on, around, to, towards
가(다) : go (to someplace)
보다 : see, look, watch, read (book)
본 : past tense of 보다
적 : the time (when), an occasion (when)
본적이 : the time i saw someplace
~~이 : a nominative suffix
있다 : be, exist, have
본적이 있다 : have the time i saw some place
가 본적이 있다 : have the time i have gone and saw some place -> have been to some place
안 : a negation prefix has a meaning of “not, never” or makes reverse movement
가(다) : go (to someplace)
봤다 : past tense of 보다
봤지 : question form of “봤다” to the younger or the same age
~~지 : a question suffix to the younger or the same age
안가봤지 ? : have you never been to someplace ?
22) 그는 뉴욕으로 가 버렸다. He has gone to New York.
그 : he, that, it
~~는, ~~은 : a suffix makes nominative case
뉴욕 : New York
~~으로, ~~로 : a direction suffix has a meaning of “to, towards, for”
가(다) : go (to someplace)
버리다 : (1) dump, cast away, abandon, abdicate, drop, discard (2) spoil, ruin (3) finish; get through; get done; do completely; dispose of a job
버렸다 : past tense form of “버리다”(버리다 + 었다)
~~었다 : a suffix makes past tense
가 버렸다 : has gone to someplace
23) 그는 예전에 뉴욕에 간적이 있다. He have been to New York before.
그는 : he
예전(에) : (1) before; old days [times]; former days; the past; (2) ancient times, former ages; antiquity
~~에 of “예전에” : a time suffix like “at, on, about, around, by”
뉴욕에 : to New York
~~에 of “뉴욕에” : a direction suffix like “at, on, around, to, towards, for”
간다, 가다 : go (to someplace)
적 : the time (when), an occasion (when)
간적이 있다 : have the time i have been to someplace
someplace
~~이 : a nominative suffix
있다 : be, exist, have
* [Remarks]
본적이 있다 : have the time i saw some place
가 본적이 있다 : have the time i have gone and saw some place -> have been to some place
24) 「이 버스는 보스톤으로 갑니까」 「예, 갑니다」 "Does this bus go to Boston?" "Yes, it does.".
이 : this
버스 : bus
~~는, ~~은 : a suffix makes nominative case
보스톤 : Boston
~~으로, ~~로 : a direction suffix has a meaning of “to, towards, for”
갑니다 : 가다(go) + ㅂ(this consonant has respect nuance) + 니다(last consonant meets “이다” becomes “니다”).
“이다” : (1) is or are (2) a suffix express current state or current action
~~ㅂ니다 : this suffix used when we say to listener with esteem attitude . 예) “갑니다”(go), “합니다”(do), “존경합니다”(respect, adore. esteem, venerate)
갑니까? : a question form of “갑니다”
~~까? : question suffix to everybody
* ~~지? of “갔지?”(gone?) : a question suffix to the younger or the same age
예 : (1) yes (2) example(s)
24) 그 역에서 공원으로 가는 버스가 있습니다. There is a bus that runs to the park from the station.
25) (그) 은행으로 가는 길을 가르쳐 주십시오/주세요. Would you mind telling me the way to the bank?
은행 : (the) bank
그 : that, it, he. the (something)
~~으로, ~~로 : a direction suffix has a meaning of “to, towards, for”
가다 : go
길 : (1) road (2) way, method
가는 : in order to go
~~는 : this sufifx makes a verb into a attributive attached to a noun
가는 길 : the way to go, the road to go
가르치다 : teach, instruct (in); give lessons (in); educate; school; show; direct
가르쳐 주십시오, 가르쳐 주십시요 : please teach me, would you mind telling me something
가르쳐 주세요 is equal to 가르쳐 주십시요 and 가르쳐 주십시오. but it is less respectful than the latter
가르쳐 주세여 : this is equal to 가르쳐 주세요. but it is informal.
주다 : give somethig to somebody
주세요, 주세여, 주십시요, 주십시오, 주시요. 주시오 : give me something, give us something
~~요, ~~여 : a suffix has a little windome. “여” is informal
~~오 : a suffix has a little respecful
~~시오, ~~시요 : 시(a suffix is a persuasive request command with respect) + 오/요
~~십시요, 십시오 : this is equal to “~~시요, ~~시오”. but these are more respectful than the latter
~~해 주세요, ~~여 주십시요, ~~여 주십시오. ~~여 주세요, ~~여 주세여 : please do something for me/us, would you mind doing me something.
* 가르키다 : this is equal to “가르치다”. this is rarely used but incorrect
26) 브로드웨이로 가려면 어느 길로 가면 됩니까? Which road shall I take to Broadway?
브로드웨이 : Broadway
~~으로, ~~로 : a direction suffix has a meaning of “to, towards, for”
가다 : go
어느 : which
길 : (1) road, street (2) a way (to do), a method (to do), skill (to do)
되다 : (1) can (do), be able to (do) (2) become
가려면 : (in order) to go <— 가다 + 려면(in order to do)
갈려면 : (in order) to go <— 가다 + ㄹ(a consonant makes future tense) + 려면(in order to do)
가려면 is equal to 갈려면.
할려면 : (in order) to do <— 하다 + ㄹ(a consonant makes future tense) + 려면(in orde to do)
하려면 is equal to 할려면
올려면 : (in order) to come <— 오다 + + ㄹ(a consonant makes future tense) + 려면(in orde to do)
오려면 is equal to 올려면
길 : (1) a way; a road; a route; a street; a highway; a thoroughfare; a path; a lane; a passage; an aisle; a pass (2) a means; a way/method; skill (to do)
가면 : 가다 + ~~면(a suffix makes conditional case)
가면 되느냐? 가면 됩니까? 가면 되죠? 가면 되요? 가면 되오? can i take to someplace ? can we take to someplace ?
되느냐 : 되다 + 느냐(a question suffix)
됩니까 : 되다 + ㅂ니까(a question suffix)
되죠 : 되다 + 죠(a question suffix)
되요 : 되다 + 요(a question suffix)
되오 : 되다 + 오(a question suffix)
* ~~느냐, ~~오 : we can say to the younger
* ~~ㅂ니까, ~~죠, ~~요 : we can say to everybody
27) 이 길로 가면 파리가 나옵니다. This street leads to Paris.
이 : this
길 : (1) a way; a road; a route; a street; a highway; a thoroughfare; a path; a lane; a passage; an aisle; a pass (2) a means; a way/method
~~(으)로 : towards, to, for
가다 : go
가면 : if go
~~면 : if
파리 : (1) Paris, capital city of France (2) a housefly, a fly
~~가 : (1) a nominal suffix (2) towards, (lead) to somewhere
나오다 : (1) come out, flow out (2) appear, occur, show up, show itself, be out, become out, be found (3) print, issue (this meaning is made from newspapers/books appear after paper printed)
파리가 나오다 : Paris (can) be found (by me/us), Paris show up (to me/us)
나옵니다 : 나오(다) + ㅂ니다(this makes respectful nunance)
28) 역은/역까지 걸어서[차를 타고] 10분이면 갈 수 있다. You can get to the station in ten minutes on foot[by car].
역 : station
역은 : 역 + 은(nominal suffix)
역까지 : 역 + 까지(until, till, to someplace)
걷다 : walk, go on foot
걸어서 : on foot <— 걷다(“ㄷ” changed into “ㄹ” because of pronounement problem) + ~~어서(by using something)
차를 타고 : by car
타고 : 타다 + ~~고(by using something)
차 : (1) car (2) tea
를, 을 : a suffix makes objective case
타다 : (1) ride (in), get in (a bus), get on (a train/airplane), take (a taxi), board (a ship), mount (a horse) (2) burn, burn in the sun (3) climb (4) slide on the ice, ski, skate
* 어서 와 : come (here) quickly/promptly (어서 : quickly, promptly; 오다 : come; 와 : a imperative form of “오다”)
10분, 십분 : 10 minutes (십 : 10)
~~이면, ~~면 : if (“이면” is used after last consonant, “면” is used after last vowel)
가다 : go
갈 수 있다 : can go someplace, can get to someplace
<— 가다 + ㄹ(a future suffix) + 수(a way, a method, a skill) + 있다(be, exist, have) —> will be able to have a way to go —> can go someplace
29) 그 역은/역까지 걸어서도 갈 수 있다. The station is within a walking distance.
그 역 : the station
역은 : 역 + 은(nominal suffix)
역까지 : 역 + 까지(until, till, to someplace)
걸어서, 걸어서도 : on foot <— 걷다(“ㄷ” changed into “ㄹ” because of pronounement problem) + ~~어서(by using something)
~~도 of “걸어거도” is a intensifier suffix
가다 : go
갈 수 있다 : can go someplace, can get to someplace
<— 가다 + ㄹ(a future suffix) + 수(a way, a method, a skill) + 있다(be, exist, have) —> will be able to have a way to go —> can go someplace
30) 나는 인파를 헤치고 문 쪽으로 갔다. I made[headed] for the door, elbowing aside the crowd. / I elbowed my way toward the door.
나 : i
~~는, 은 : a nominal suffix
인 : human being, man
파 : (1) wave, waves (파도 : water waves) (2) a party; a faction; a school; a sect; a denomination; a clique; a group (3) onion
인파 : 인(human being) + 파(water waves, a school=many people)
~~를, 을 : a suffix makes objective case
헤치다 : (1) push apart, wedge off; elbow (aside), push aside; make one's way through; pull apart; plow one's way through (2) scatter; disperse; break up (3) dig up, turn up
풀어 헤치다 : slip <— 풀다(unravel, unwind, unroll, unwrap, vent, solve, dissolve, untie, disentangle, untangle, loosen, uncoil, unfasten, remove) + 어(a connection suffix of priority relation) + 헤치다(push apart)
“고” of 헤치고 : a suffix expresses “state” or “with ~~ing”. this is equal to “~~면서”(with pushing apart). that is, “헤치고 is equal to “헤치면서”
문 : door, gate
쪽 : side
쪽으로 : towards, to
문 쪽으로 : towards/for the door
가다 : go
갔다 : past simple of “가다”
**
1. between girl friends
[A girl friend] 안올거야 ? aren’t you coming ?
[B girl friend] 우정땜에 간당! i’m going for friendship.
- 땜에, 때문에 : because (of)
2. between boy and girl friend
[a boy friend] 안와 ? aren’t you coming?
[a girl friend] (이)씨! 사랑땜에 간당! i’m going for my love to gou! (with complaint attitude)
이씨! 씨! : a exclamation express complaint to other person(s) or me
31) <when who is caling somebody> 곧 갑니다. 곧 가요. 금방 가요. 이제 갑니다. 이제 가요. I'm coming.
곧 : immediately, instantly, right away, straight away, soon, shortly, before long, in no time
가다 : go
갑니다 : 가다(go) + ㅂ(a letter with respect) + 니다(=이다(=be, become, be ready to do, be ~~ing, be in preparation)
[remarks]
when “이다” meets last consonant like “ㅂ”. “이다” changed into “니다” because “ㅂ” + “이다” is difficult to pronounce.
가요 : 가다 + 요(a suffix makes a verb winsome/charming)
이제 : now, present time, present moment
32) the followings has a meaning of “i must be going now”
<to elder publicly> 이제 가 봐야겠습니다.
가 : the word stem of “가다” verb
봐야겠습니다 : the respectful form from “봐야겠다”(must be doing) + 습(a letter with respect) + 니다,이다(be, become)
* “습,읍,ㅅ” letter between a verb(“봐야겠다”) and copular verb(이다,니다”) make the verb into a respectful word. that is to say, they has a venerable nuance to the elder or the same age.
봐야겠다 : must be doing <— 보다(see, look. watch; regard, think; try; have a plan to) + 아야겠다/야겠다(make a decision, decide, determine)
<to elder personally> 이제 가볼께요. 이제 갈께요.
가보다 : be going to go. make a decision to go determine to go <— 가다(go) + 보다(see. look, watch; regard, think; try, have a plan to, almost determine, almost make a decision)
가볼께요 : 가보다 + ㄹ(a letter makes a word future tense) + 께요(a suffix (has a meaning of “try, have a plan to do, make a decision) makes a verb winsome/charming)
갈께요 : 가다 + ㄹ(a letter makes a word future tense) + 께요(a suffix (has a meaning of “try, have a plan to do, make a decision) makes a verb winsome/charming)
<to the younger or the same age> 이제 가야겠다. 이제 갈께. 이제 간다.
가야겠다 : 가다(go) + 아야겠다/야겠다(make a decision, decide, determine)
갈께 : 가다 + ㄹ(a letter makes a word future tense) + 께, 께요(a suffix (has a meaning of “try, have a plan to do, make a decision) makes a verb winsome/charming)
간다 : assertive form of “가다” notify other person(s)
<to my friend personally and informally> 이제 간당. 이제 갈겨, 이제 갈껭.
간당 : 간다(assertive form of “가다” notify other person(s)) + ㅇ(a letter has a humourous nuance)
갈껭 : 가다(go) + ㄹ(a letter makes a word future tense) + 께(a suffix (has a meaning of “try, have a plan to do, make a decision) makes a verb winsome/charming) + ㅇ(a letter has a humourous nuance)
갈겨 : 가다(go) + ㄹ(a letter makes a word future tense) + 겨(this has a assertive but humourous nuance)
33) 가는 말이 고와야 오는 말이 곱다고 마침내 싸움이 벌어졌다. Harsh words for harsh words led to a quarrel.
가다, 간다 : go
가는 : adjective form of 가다. <—가다 + 는(a suffix makes a word adjective)
말 : word, sentence, expression, lanagauge
~~이 : a suffix makes a word subjective
곱다 : be beautiful, be pretty
고와야 : 곱다(“오” changed when “ㅂ” meets “아야”) + 아야(a suffix makes a word adjective)
오다 : come
오는 : adjective form of 오다. <— 오다 + 는(a suffix makes a word adjective)
곱다고 : 곱다 +고((1) and (also); as well as; and then; both; as well (2) be/become the reason that ~~)
마침내 : finally, in the end
싸움 : qurrel, war
싸움이 : 싸움 + 이(a suffix makes a word subjective)
벌다 : the basic meaning is increase (1) get wider; spread (2) earn; make (money); make a profit (3) incur; bring upon oneself
지다 : the basic meaning go down (1) be [get] defeated; be beaten; lose; be overcome with; yield (to); submit (to); give in (to); succumb to; be inferior (to); be second (to) (2) bear; carry on the back; owe; be indebted (to); be under an obligation (to); incur; take upon [on] oneself; bear; shoulder; assume (a responsibility) (3) fall; fade and fall; be shed; be gone (4) set; sink; go down (5) cast a shadow; shade; get shaded [shady] (6) become; get to be
벌어지다 : (1) widen, expand, extend; become wide; (2) arise; happen, occur, take place, lead to something <— 벌다(get wider, spread) + 어(a suffix connecting two verb for making new verb) + 지다(widen, happen)
벌어졌다 : past tense of 벌어지다 <— 벌어지다 + 었다/았다(a suffix makes a word past tense)
“a good word go to you when a good word comes to me” —> “Harsh words for harsh words”
34) 여행을 가다. 여행가다. 여행간다. start on a journey, leave on a trip.
여행 : trip, journey
을, 를 : a suffix makes a word objective
가다, 간다 : go, start, begin
35) 유학을 가다. 유학가다. 유학간다. study abroad, go abroad for study.
머무르다 : (1) stop, halt (2) stay, lodge (at), remain (temporarily) (3) dwell (4) consider for a long time
유 : stay abroad, lodge abroad
학 : studying, learning
유학 : (1) studying abroad (2) Confucianism (3) studying away from (one's) home (town)
36) 시집을 가다. 시집가다. 시집간다. marry / be[get] married
시집 : (1) one's husband's home [family] <— 시(husband) + 집(house,home) (2) a collection of poems; an anthology <— 시(a poem, poems) + 집(a collection)
을, 를 : a suffix makes a word objective
가다, 간다 : go, start, begin
the meaning of “go to husband’s house” had been change “get married” because a woman have to go husband’s house after getting married.
* 시집보내다 : give (one's daughter) (away) in marriage; marry (one's daughter) off; marry one's daughter (to); give (a man) the hand of (one's daughter) <— 시집(husband’s house) + 보내다(send) —> send one’s daughter to husband’s house —> marry off
* 시집가거라, 시집가라 : do marry; do get [be] married to; do take a husband <— 시집가다 + 거라/라(a imperative suffix to the younger or the same age)
37) 사냥을 가다. 사냥가다. 사냥간다. go hunting.
사냥 : hunting
을, 를 : a suffix makes a word objective
가다, 간다 : go, start, begin
38) 낚시를 가다. 낚시가다. 낚시간다. go fishing.
낚시 : fishing
을, 를 : a suffix makes a word objective
가다, 간다 : go, start, begin
39) 강으로 낚시가다. 강으로 낚시간다. go fishing in the river.
강 : river
강으로 : to[towards] river, in the river
낚시 : fishing
을, 를 : a suffix makes a word objective
가다, 간다 : go, start, begin
40) 그들은 산책을 갔다. They went out for a walk.
그들은 : they <— 그들(they) + 은[는](a nominal suffix)
산책 : walk; a stroll; a promenade; an airing; a constitutional; a ramble; a saunter; a wandering
산책하다 : walk; ramble; saunter; wander
산책가다 : go out for a walk <— 산책 + 가다
갔다 : past tense of 가다 <— 가다 + 았다[었다](a suffix makes a word past tense)
41) 나는 내년에 유학 갈 예정이다. I'm planning to go abroad for study next year.
나는 : i <— 나(i) + 는[은](a nominal suffix)
* “~는” always follows last vowel, “~은” always follows last consonant.
내년(에) : next year <— 내[래](next) + 년[연](year) + 에(a time suffix)
머무르다 : (1) stop, halt (2) stay, lodge (at), remain (temporarily) (3) dwell (4) consider for a long time
유 : stay abroad, lodge abroad
학 : studying, learning
유학 : (1) studying abroad (2) Confucianism (3) studying away from (one's) home (town)
유학가다, 유학을 가다 : go abroad for study <—- 유학(studying abroad) + 가다(go)
갈 : be going to do <— 가다(go) + ㄹ(a suffix makes a word future tense)
예정 : (1) prearrangement; previous arrangement; a program(me); a schedule; a plan (2) preordination
예정이다 : have a plan to do <— 예정 + 이다(be, exist, have)
갈 예정이다 : be planning to do
42) 그곳에 가면 편지를 주십시오/주세요. Please write me a letter[drop a line] when you arrive there.
그곳(에) : there <— 그(that, it, these) + 곳(where) +에(a place suffix)
가다 : go
가면 : if go <— 가다 + 면(if)
편지 : (1) a letter; a note; a mail; a missive (2) an epistle; a communication; a billet; a favor
~을[~를] : a suffix makes a word objective
* “~를” always follows last vowel, “~을” always follows last consonant.
주다 : give
주세요 : give me somthing, give us something <— 주다 + 세요(a persuasive suffix has a polite nuance)
~세요 : 세(a persuasive letter has a polite nuance) + 요(a winsome suffix)
주십시오 : <in a very polite mannner> give me somthing, give us something <— 주다 + 십시오[십시요](a persuasive suffix has a very polite nuance)
~십시오[~십시요] : 십시(a persuasive letters has a very polite manner) + 요[오](a winsome suffix)
* “~오” is less polite than “~요”
주십시요 is equal to 주십시오
43) 그 장소에는/장소까지 10분이면 갈 수 있다. The place can be reached in ten minutes.
그 : that, it, the (something)
장소 : place
~에는 : a place suffix
~까지 : to someplace, up to someplace
10분 : 10 minutes
~안에 : winthin (some times), in (some times)
10분(안에) : in ten monutes, within ten minutes
이면 : a suffix has a meaning of “if”, and follows last consonant
가다 : go
갈 : 가다 + ㄹ(a future suffix)
수 : a way, a method
있다 : be, exist, can be, have
갈 수 있다 : can reach someplace
44) 군대에 가다. 군대가다. 군대간다. enlist in the army , join the colors[army], enter the service.
군대 : (the) army
~에 : a place suffix
가다, 간다 : go
군대가다, 군대간다 : go to army —> enlist in the army
45) 수녀원으로 가다. 수녀원간다. enter a nunnery, become a nun, take the veil.
수녀 : nun; a sister (of the Catholic Church); a sister of charity, novitiate
수녀원 : nunnery <— 수녀 * 원(a suffix expresses public facilities or institutes like school, academy, lyceum, institution)
~으로 : to someplace, towards someplace
가다, 간다 : go
46) 시골길을 가다[걷다] walk along a country lane.
시 : a city, a district, a country
골, 고을 : valley * “골” : a contracted form of “고을”
길 : a road. a way.
* 길 : usually used personally
도로 : usually used publicly
예) 고속도로 : expressway <— 고속(high speed) + 도로(a road)
서울외곽도로 : 서울(Seoul) + 외곽(outdoor, outer) + 도로(a road)
내부순환도로 : 내부(internal, inner) + 순환(circulation) + 도로(a road)
시골길 : a country lane
시골 : a country, my[our] hometown)
을. 를 : a suffix makes a word objective
가다 : go
걷다 : walk (along)
* 너 낼 시골갈거야 ! do you have a plan to your hometown ?
너 : you
낼 : contracted form of “내일”(tomorrow)
시골갈거야, 시골에[로] 갈거야 : 시골(your hometown) + 가다(go) + ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + 거야(a question suffix to younger or the same age)
47) 자갈길을 가다[걷다] walk along[up / down] a gravel road.
자갈 : gravel
자갈길 : a gravel road
가다 : go
걷다 : walk (along)
* 그 길은 자갈길이야! 좀 더 쉬운 길로 가야 할거야!
i am afraid that it is a hard way[road] that you are about to go ! you had better go a liitle bit easier way[road] !
~이야 : a suffix expresses assertive but nuances that “i dare to say that ~” or “i am afraid that ~”
좀 : a liitle
더 : more
쉽다 : be easy
쉬운 : adjective form of 쉽다 <— 쉽다(“ㅂ” erased after “ㅂ” meets “운”) + 운, ㄴ(this suffix or consonant makes a verb adjective)
길 : a way, a road, a method, a means
~가야 할거야 : you had better go <— 가야한다(have to go) + ㄹ(a suffix makes a word future tense) + 거야(had better)
48) 통지[통보]가 가다. 기별이 가다. have[receive] notice / be informed .
통지, 통보, 기별 : a notice, a news, a jnformation
통보 : 통(communication) + 보(notice, inform)
통지 : 통(communication) + 지(notice, knowlede)
기별 : 기(be new, rely on, lean on, depend on) + 별(depart, separate, say goodbye to)
~이, ~가 : a suffix makes a word subjective
가다, 간다 : go, deliver, walk along
통지가/통보가/기별이 가다 : go notice to someone —> somesone got/have/receive a notice
49) 연락이 가다. 연락이 닿다. get in touch / have connection.
연락 : connection; contact; liaison; communication; relation <— 연(relation) + 락(connect, liason)
연락하다 : notice, inform, have a communication with
* 동사(verb) + “하다” pattern is originally made from 동사(verb) + 을[를](a suffix makes a verb word objective) + 하다(do, do a action)
ex) 연락하다 <== 연락을 하다
통지하다 <== 통지를 하다
가다 : go, deliver, walk along
닿다 : reach (to), touch (with), get to, get at, arrive at/in/on
50) 차후에 기별이 갈 때까지 until one hears further from .
차후에 : after this; henceforth; hereafter; from now on; in (the) future; for the future, further <— 차(next) + 후(after this time) + 에(a time suffix)
통지, 통보, 기별 : a notice, a news, a jnformation
통보 : 통(communication) + 보(notice, inform)
통지 : 통(communication) + 지(notice, knowlede)
기별 : 기(be new, rely on, lean on, depend on) + 별(depart, separate, say goodbye to)
~이, ~가 : a suffix makes a word subjective
가다, 간다 : go, deliver, walk along
통지가/통보가/기별이 가다 : go notice to someone —> somesone got/have/receive a notice
갈 때까지 : until arriving
갈 : 가다(go, deliver, walk along) + ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)
때 : time when
까지 : until, till, up to, to
51) 너한테도 소식이 갔니 Have you heard the news?
너한테로 : to you, toward you <— 너/니(you) + 한테로(in the direction of, toward)
~한테(로) : to; at; for; by (a person) + 로[으로](towards)
소식 : a news, a letter
~ 이, ~가 : a suffix makes a word subjective
가다, 간다 : go, deliver, walk along
갔니 : 갔다(past tense of 가다) + 니(a question suffix to the younger or the same age)
52) 다시 연락이 갈 때까지 기다려라 Wait till further notice.
다시 : again, further
연락 : connection; contact; liaison; communication; relation <— 연(relation) + 락(connect, liason)
연락하다 : notice, inform, have a communication with
* 동사(verb) + “하다” pattern is originally made from 동사(verb) + 을[를](a suffix makes a verb word objective) + 하다(do, do a action)
ex) 연락하다 <== 연락을 하다
통지하다 <== 통지를 하다
가다 : go, deliver, walk along
닿다 : reach (to), touch (with), get to, get at, arrive at/in/on
갈 때까지 : until arriving
갈 : 가다(go, deliver, walk along) + ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)
때 : time when
까지 : until, till, up to, to
기다려라 : 기다리다(wait) + 여라(a imperative suffix to the younger or the same age) * “려” is contracted from “리” + “여”
53) 세월이 감에 따라 as time passes by[goes on] / with lapse[passage] of time.
세월 : (1) time and tide (2) (the) times; things; business; conditions <— 세(age, year) + 월(month)
~ 이, ~가 : a suffix makes a word subjective
가다, 간다 : go, deliver, walk along, pass by, go on
감에 따라 : with lapse/going on <— 감(a noun form of 가다) + 에 따라(with ~, with regard to, according to)
~에 따라 : 에(a place or time suffix) + 따라(a adverb form of 따르다(follow))
* a verb word + “ㅁ” becomes a new noun
ex) 감 : a noun form of 가다(go)
옴 : a noun form of 오다(come)
함 : a noun form of 하다(do)
옮김 : a noun form of 옮기다(move)
옮기다 : (1) move (to); remove (to); transfer; shift (home) (2) give; communicate (a disease to another); infect (a person with a disease)
(3) tell (to another); spread; pass on
54) 세월은 간다. Time passes.
세월 : time and tide <— 세(age, year) + 월(month)
~은, 는 : a suffix makes a word subject. 은 is used after last consonant, but 는 after last viwel)
가다, 간다 : go, pass (by), walk along
55) 세월은 빨리도 간다! 세월이 참 빠르다! How time flies!
세월 : time and tide <— 세(age, year) + 월(month)
~은, ~는,이 : a suffix makes a word subject. 은 is used after last consonant, but 는 after last viwel)
빨리(도) : rapidly, speedily. 도 is an intensifying suffix.
참 : (1) very much, indeed (2) truth * 참이다 : be true, 참하다 : be good (to someone)
빠르다 : be speed
가다, 간다 : go, pass (by), walk along
56) 이야기에 열중하다 보니 시간 가는 줄도 모르고 있었다. We were so absorbed in talking that we almost forget the passing of time.
이야기, 얘기 : talking * 얘기 is contracted from 이야기
~에 : a place or time suffix
열중 : enthusiasm; zeal; mania; craze; absorption
<— 열(heat) + 중(centre, ~ing)
열 : (1) heat; warmth (2) temperature; fever (3) enthusiasm; fever; mania; craze; fad (4) passion; anger; heat; vehemence; fury
열중하다 : be enthusiastic, be[become] zealous/crazy, be absorbed (in ~ing)
보니 : in thinking <— 보다(look, see, watch, read book, think) + 니(a suffix has a meaning of “after someone have done” or “in ~ing”
~하다 보니 : in ~ing
열중하다 보니 : be absorbed in ~ing
이야기에 열중하다 : be absorbed in talking
시간 : time, period <— 시(time, o’clock) + 간(between, among)
가다, 간다 : go, pass by, walk along
시간이 가다 : time pass by
시간이 가는 : adverb phrase of 시간이 가다
57) 겨울이 가고 봄이 왔다. Winter is over and spring has come.
이제 봄이 가고 여름이 올거야. Spring will go and summer will come to us.
봄 : spring
여름 : summer
가을 : autumn
겨울 : winter
가다, 간다 : (1) go, walk along, pass by (2) be over
오다, 온다 : come (to me, to us)
왔다 : past tense of 오다/온다
갔다 : past tense of 가다/간다
올거야 : will come <— 오다 + ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + 거야(a suffix has meaning of “i am sure it will do”)
가고 : 가다 + 고(a conjuction means “and”)
오고 : 오다 + 고(a conjuction means “and”)
58) 이 달도 다 갔다.This month is up.
이 : this
달 : month
내달, 다음 달 : next month <— 내/다음(next) + 달(month)
~도 : a suffix makes a word subjective. but this has a meaning of “also be”. that is to say, this intensify a subject word by giving a subject “also” meaning.
다 : all, everything; total, whole, everybody, completely, totally
가다, 간다 : (1) go, walk along, pass by (2) be over
갔다 : past tense of 가다/간다
59) 세월이 감에 따라 아픔도 사라졌다. The pain died away as time went by.
세월 : (1) time and tide (2) (the) times; things; business; conditions <— 세(age, year) + 월(month)
~ 이, ~가 : a suffix makes a word subjective
~은, 는 : a suffix makes a word subject. 은 is used after last consonant, but 는 after last viwel)
가다, 간다 : go, deliver, walk along, pass by, go on, go by
감에 따라 : with lapse/going on <— 감(a noun form of 가다) + 에 따라(with ~, with regard to, according to)
~에 따라 : 에(a place or time suffix) + 따라(a adverb form of 따르다(follow))
* a verb word + “ㅁ” becomes a new noun
ex) 감 : a noun form of 가다(go)
옴 : a noun form of 오다(come)
함 : a noun form of 하다(do)
옮김 : a noun form of 옮기다(move)
아프다 : be pain, become pain
아픔 : a noun form of 아프다
~도 : a suffix makes a word subjective. but this has a meaning of “also be”. that is to say, this intensify a subject word by giving a subject “also” meaning.
사라지다 : disappear, die away
사라졌다 : past tense of 사라지다 <— 사라지다 -+ 었다/았다(a suffix makes a verb past tense) * 졌 is contracted from “지” + “었”.
60) 그의 작품은 세월이 가면서 잊혀졌다. His works were forgotten with the passage of time. His work were forgotten as the years went by[passed].
그 : he, his, him, that, it, these
그의 : 그(his) + 의(a suffix makes a word objective, but this usually omitted in korean because we can know it)
작품 : a (piece of) work; a product; a (literary) production <— 작(make) + 품(a thing, a labour, a work; the bosom; the breast; a width; appearance; looks, shape, the way (one looks, behaves))
* 엄마의 품, 엄마품 : mom’s breast, mother’s bosom
* 앞품 : the breast width <— 앞(before, before of body = breast) + 품(width)
* 뒤품 : the shoulder width <-/ 뒤(after, after of body = shoulder) + 품(width)
~ 이, ~가 : a suffix makes a word subjective
~은, 는 : a suffix makes a word subject. 은 is used after last consonant, but 는 after last viwel)
세월 : (1) time and tide (2) (the) times; things; business; conditions <— 세(age, year) + 월(month)
~ 이, ~가 : a suffix makes a word subjective
~은, 는 : a suffix makes a word subject. 은 is used after last consonant, but 는 after last viwel)
가다, 간다 : go, deliver, walk along, pass by, go on, go by
가면서 : 가다(go) + 면서(with ~ing)
잊다, 망각하다 : forget, take mind off, leave behind, unlearn, bury
망각 : oblivion, state of complete forgetfulness <— 망(forgetting, cease to exist; come to ruin) + 각(feeling, feel, know)
망하다 : perish, be destroyed, expire, spoil, go bankrupt, go broke
지다 : lose, yield, bear, fall, set, sink, come off, shade, become, lose out, droop, take <— basic meaning is “go down”, “lose”
잊히다 : be forgotten; pass out of mind[one's memory] <— 잊다(forget) + 히다(a suffix makes a verb passive tense)
잊혀지다 : become forgotten <— 잊히다(be forgotten) + 지다(become, come off)
잊혀졌다 : past tense of 잊혀지다
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