2025-11-29

산다는 건 - Kim Jong chan - 'Life Is'

산다는 건 - Kim Jong chan - 'Life Is'

 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ytis4yAxVBo


어디로 가야하나 멀기만한 세월

단 하루를 살아도 마음편하고 싶어

그래도 난 분명하지 않은 갈 길에 몸을 기댔어

날마다 난 태어나는 거였고

난 날마다 또 다른 꿈을 꾸었지

내 어깨위로 짊어진 삶이 너무 무거워

지쳤다는 말조차 하기 힘들때

다시 나의 창을 두드리는 그대가 있고

어둠을 거둘 빛과 같아서

여가서가 끝이 아님을 우린 기쁨처럼 알게되고

산다는건 그것만으로도 의미는 충분 한거지


날마다 난 태어나는 거였고

난 날마다 또 다른 꿈을 꾸었지

내 어깨위로 짊어진 삶이 너무 무거워

지쳤다는 말조차 하기 힘들때

다시 나의 창을 두드리는 그대가 있고

어둠을 거둘 빛과 같아서

여가서가 끝이 아님을 우린 기쁨처럼 알게되고

산다는건 그것만으로도 의미는 충분 한거지


[lyrics Translation]


KBS 2TV Top 10 Songs – 1st Week of January 1994 (1994.01.05)


Where should I go? These years feel endlessly long.

Even if I live just one day, I want to feel at peace.

Still, I leaned my body toward a path whose end I couldn’t see.

Every day, it felt like I was being born again,

And every day, I dreamed a different dream.

The life I carry on my shoulders is so heavy

That sometimes I can’t even say I’m exhausted.


But then you come again, knocking on my window,

Like a light that drives away the darkness.

And we learn, almost like joy, that this is not the end.

Just living—by itself—is more than meaningful enough.


Every day, it felt like I was being born again,

And every day, I dreamed a different dream.

The life I carry on my shoulders is so heavy

That sometimes I can’t even say I’m exhausted.

But then you come again, knocking on my window,

Like a light that drives away the darkness.

And we learn, almost like joy, that this is not the end.

Just living—by itself—is more than meaningful enough.KBS 2TV Top 10 Songs – 1st Week of January 1994 (1994.01.05)


Where do I go, with these years that never seem to end?

Even for just one day, I want to feel at peace.

But still, I leaned towards a path with no clear end,

Every day, it was like I was born again,

And every day, I dreamed a brand new dream.

The weight of this life on my shoulders is so heavy,

There are times when I'm too tired to even say I'm tired.


But then you come and knock on my window again,

Like a light that chases away the dark.

We realize, almost like a joy,

That this isn’t the end.

Just living, that's enough to give life meaning.


Every day, it was like I was born again,

And every day, I dreamed a brand new dream.

The weight of this life on my shoulders is so heavy,

There are times when I'm too tired to even say I'm tired.

But then you come and knock on my window again,

Like a light that chases away the dark.

We realize, almost like a joy,

That this isn’t the end.

Just living, that's enough to give life meaning.


[Poetic Translation]


KBS 2TV Top 10 Songs – 1st Week of January 1994 (1994.01.05)


Where must I wander, as the years stretch on,

Even for a single day, I long to rest my heart.

Yet, I found myself leaning toward an uncertain road,

Each day, I was reborn,

And each day, I dreamed a different world.

The weight of life upon my shoulders grows too heavy,

When words like "I'm tired" are too much to say.


Yet still, you knock upon my window once more,

A light to sweep away the dark.

And we come to know, almost like a joy,

That this is not the end.

Simply living, that alone, is full of meaning enough.


Each day, I was reborn,

And each day, I dreamed a different world.

The weight of life upon my shoulders grows too heavy,

When words like "I'm tired" are too much to say.

Yet still, you knock upon my window once more,

A light to sweep away the dark.

And we come to know, almost like a joy,

That this is not the end.

Simply living, that alone, is full of meaning enough.

2025-10-07

조용필 - 이 순간을 영원히

 https://tvmon16.org/ent/3026/406619533


https://tvmon16.org/ent/3039/406619528


https://tvmon16.org/ent/3039

2025-08-06

Let's learn about "이력서를 제출해 주세요"

이력서를 제출해 주세요 : Can you send us a résumé?; Please submit your résumé; Could you submit your résumé?

ex)

A. 우선, 이메일로 이력서를 보내 주시겠어요? : First, can you send us a résumé via e-mail?

B. 어떤 이메일 주소로 보내야 하나요? : Which e-mail address do I have to send it to?

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 이력서를 제출해 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 이력서를 제출해 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 이력서를 제출해 줄래. (to younger people or friends)
- 이력서를 제출해 주겠니? (to younger people or friends)
- 이력서를 제출해 주겠나? (to younger people or friends)
- 이력서를 제출해 주겠냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 이력서를 제출해 주겠어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 이력서를 제출해 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이력서를 제출해 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주겠나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 이력서를 제출해 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 이력서를 제출해 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이력서를 제출해 주겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 이력 : [履歷] one's personal history; [=경력] one's background; one's career(직업상의); one's record
- 이력이 좋은 사람 = 이력이 훌륭한 사람 : a man with a good record / a man of sound background / a man of good antecedents
- 남의 이력을 조사하다 : check up on[look into] a person's background / inquire into a person's antecedents

* 이력서 : [Pronunciation: 이력써] [履歷書] a personal history; a curriculum vitae ; a resume
- 회사에 이력서를 제출하다 : submit one's curriculum vitae to a company / present one's personal history to a company

* -를 : a particle makes 이력서 objectuve after a word ends in a vowel

* 제출 : [Pronunciation: 제추울] 提出] presentation; (의안 등의) introduction

* 제출하다 : (의안 등을) present; introduce; submit; lay[bring] ; (의견을) offer; advance; (항의를) lodge[file] ; (사표를) tender; (증거를) produce; bring forward; (문제를) pose ; (원서·답안을) give[send / hand] in; turn in

* 제출해 : 제출하(the stem of 제출하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + 어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort
* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 우선 : [于先] (1) [=먼저] first (of all); [=무엇보다도] above all; in the first place; to begin with (2) [=아쉬운 대로] for the time being
- 우선 돈이 필요하다 : We need funds above all[before anything] else. / The first thing we need is money
- 우선 가족에게 알려야겠다 : First of all, I must let my family know
- 우선 필요한 자금은 확보되었다 : We've secured enough funds for the present
- 우선 그것으로 족하겠다 : It'll do for the time being
- 우선 환자에게 응급 처치를 해주었다 : In the meantime, I gave first aid to the injured
- 우선은 안심이 된다 : Well, that's relief. / At least that's a relief for the moment. / We are safe for the moment, at any rate
- 우선 사례의 말씀만 드립니다 : With many thanks. / Yours gratefully
- 우선은 여기에 체류하기로 한다 : We will stay here for the time being
- 우선 이만하면 되겠다 : This will do for the present[time being]
- 우선 먹기는 곶감이 달다 : <속담(proverb)> I don't care what happens afterwards. / The consequence are not my concern

* 이메일 : E-mail
* -으로/-로 : by using; A postpositional particle that indicates a tool or means for something(어떤 일의 수단이나 도구를 나타내는 조사)

* 이력서 : [Pronunciation: 이력써] [履歷書] a personal history; a curriculum vitae ; a resume
* -를 : a particle makes 이력서 objectuve after a word ends in a vowel

* 보내다 : send

* 보내 : 보내(the stem of 보내다; 내 + -어 contracted into 내 + 어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 어떤 : which; what

* 이메일 : E-mail
* -으로/-로 : to; A postpositional particle that indicates the direction of movement(움직임의 방향을 나타내는 조사)

* 보내야 : 보내(the stem of 보내다; 내 + -어 contracted into 내) + -어야/-아야/-여야(have to; A connective ending used when the preceding statement is an essential condition for the following statement: 앞에 오는 말이 뒤에 오는 말에 대한 필수적인 조건임을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* -어야/-아야/-여야 하다 = -어야/-아야/-여야  되다 : An expression used to indicate that one needs or is obligated to do a certain thing(반드시 그럴 필요나 의무가 있음을 나타내는 표현)

* 하나요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -나?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 합니까? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 되나요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -나?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 됩니까? : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -ㅂ contracted into 됩) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

2025-08-05

Let's learn about "지원하고 싶습니다"

지원하고 싶습니다 : I want to apply for this position; I’d like to submit an application; I’m very interested in applying for the job.

ex)

A. 어떻게 오셨죠? : Can I help you?

B. 지원서를 제출하고 싶어요 : I’d like to submit an application

A. 앉아 계세요. 금방 다시 오겠습니다 : Just take a seat. I’ll get back to you shortly

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 지원하고 싶다. (to younger people or friends)
- 지원하고 싶네. (to younger people or friends)
- 지원하고 싶어. (to younger people or friends)
- 지원하고 싶은데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 지원하고 싶네요. (honourific by '요')
- 지원하고 싶어요. (honourific by '요')
- 지원하고 싶은데요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 지원하고 싶습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 내 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 : I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 지원 : [志願] [지 low long 원 middle short] desire; aspiration; application; volunteering
- 지원하다 : apply for

* 지원 : [支援] [지 middle short 원 low short] support; back up; bolster up
- 지원하다 : support

* 지원하고 : 지원하(tje stem of 지원하다) + -고(in order to; a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : [Pronunciation: 십따] want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶은데요 : [Pronunciation: 시픈데요] 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 싶습니다 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 어디 : where
* -에서/-서 : from a place where someone does something
* 어디서 : from where <-- 어디 + -서

* 어떻다 : [Pronunciation: 어떧타] be how
* 어떻게 : [Pronunciarion: 어떠케] (1) [=어찌] how; in what way[manner]; by what means (2) [=몹시] how (much); what; so; to what extent (3) [=어떻게든] anyway; anyhow (4) [=무엇] what
- 이 소란을 어떻게(든) 좀 해주시오 : Do something about this racket

* 오다 : come
* 오시다 : an honourific word of 오다 by '-시-'
* 왔다 : past tense of 오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contrscted into 왔
* 오셨다 : past tense of 오시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contrscted into 셨; 었 changed into 였 for easy pronunciation

* 오셨죠? : a short form of 오셨지요?
* 오셨지요? : 오셨(the stem of 오셨다) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 지원서 : an application (paper) <-- 지원 + 서(a paper)
* -를 : a particle makes 지원서 objective after a worr ends in a vowel

* 제출 : [Pronunciation: 제추울] 提出] presentation; (의안 등의) introduction

* 제출하다 : (의안 등을) present; introduce; submit; lay[bring] ; (의견을) offer; advance; (항의를) lodge[file] ; (사표를) tender; (증거를) produce; bring forward; (문제를) pose ; (원서·답안을) give[send / hand] in; turn in
* 제출했다 : past tense of 제출하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 제출되다 : passive form of 제출하다 by '-되다'
* 제출되었다 : past tense of 제출되다 by '-었-'
- 신청서를 제출하다 : present an application
- 보고서를 제출하다  :submit a report
- 예산을 제출하다 : introduce the budget
- 그는 사장에게 사표를 제출했다 : He tendered[sent in] his resignation to the president
- 논문이 모조리 제출되었다 : All the theses have been presented[handed in]

* 제출하고 : 제출하(tje stem of 제출하다) + -고(in order to; a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : [Pronunciation: 십따] want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶어요 : [Pronunciation: 시퍼요] 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) 

* 앉다 : [Pronunciation: 안따; ㅈ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] sit down
* 앉아 : [Pronunciation: 안자] 앉(the stem of 앉다) + -아(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 있다 : (1) [상태] be; exist (2) [동작] [=머무르다] stay
* 계시다 : an honourific word of 있다

* -아 있다 = -어 있다 = -아 계시다 = -어 계시다 : [상태의 계속] be; go; keep; remain
* -고 있다 = -고 있다 = -고 계시다 = -고 계시다 :  [동작의 계속] be doing; be in the middle of doing

* 계세요 : 계시(the stem of 계시다; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 금방 = 바로 = 즉시 : right away

* 다시 : again

* 오다 : come back

* 올게요 : 오(the stem of 오다; 오 + -ㄹ contracted into 올) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 오겠습니다 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 거예요"

신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 거예요 : I’m calling about the ad in the paper.

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 하는 거다. (to younger people or friends)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 하는 거네. (to younger people or friends)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 하는 거야. (to younger people or friends)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 하는 건데. (to younger people or friends)

- 신문 광고 보고 전화 하는 것이다. (to younger people or friends)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 하는 것이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 하는 것이야. (to younger people or friends)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 하는 것인데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 거네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 거예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 건데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 겁니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

- 신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 것이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 것이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 것인데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 신문 광고 보고 전화 드리는 것입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

* [Memo]
* Extreme honorifics(극존칭) are not used when the subject(주어) is not a person(사람). In other words, extreme honorifics(극존칭) are used only when the subject(주어) is a person(사람) :  주어가 사람이 아닌 경우는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 즉, 주어가 사람인 경우에만 극존칭을 사용한다

[explanations]
* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저 : I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 신문 : [訊問] [신 : middle long 문 : low short] questioning; (cross-)examination ; a query; an inquest; an inquiry; an interrogation
- 유도 신문 : a leading question
- 직접 신문 : examination in chief
- 반대신문 : a cross-examination
- 이의 있습니다. 그 질문은 유도 신문입니다 : I object to the question as a leading question
- 그는 엄중한 신문을 받았다 : He underwent a severe cross-examination
* 신문하다 : question; (증인·피고 등을) examine; interrogate; cross-examine
- 피의자를 신문하다 : examine a suspected person

* 신문 : [新聞] a (news)paper; a paper; a journal; the press
- 일간 신문 : a daily paper
- 주간 신문 : a weekly paper
- 영자 신문 : [Pronunciation: 영짜 신문]  an English-language paper
- 학급 신문 : a class paper
- 학교 신문 : a school paper
- 오늘 신문 : today's paper
- 신문의 삽입 광고지 : an inserted bill / an insert
- 조간 신문 : a morning[an evening
- 석간 신문 : an afternoon] paper
- 신문을 접다 : fold a newspaper
- 신문을 펴다 : spread (out) a newspaper
- 신문에 나다 : appear in the paper
- 신문에 보도되다 : be reported in the papers[press]
- 신문을 배달하다 : deliver newspapers

* 광고 : [廣告] an advertisement;  ad; an advert; [=알림] a notice; an announcement; [=선전] advertising; publicity
- 과잉 광고 : excess ad / exaggerated advertisement
- 구인 광고 : a help-wanted advertisement / a want ad

* 보다 : see; look; watch

* 보고 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -고(and then)

* 전화[電話] : a telephone; a phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objectuve after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 주다 : give
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* 전화를 주다 = 전화를 드리다 = 전화를 걸다 = 전화를 하다 = to call

* 드리는 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 거 / 것 : this makes 될 infinitive or genrund in English

* 이다 : be

* -는 것이다 = -ㄴ 것이다 = -는 거다 = -ㄴ 거다 : I'm doing ~

* -입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -(이)다 / -(이)네 / -(이)야  / -(이)ㄴ데 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -(이)네 / -(이)ㄴ데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -이에요 / -예요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ'

* -이에요 : this is used after a word ends in a consonant
ex) 생각뿐이에요 : I think of you only
* -예요 : : this is used after a word ends in a vowel
ex) 바다예요 : this is the sea

2025-08-04

Let's learn about "구인 광고 내셨죠?"

구인 광고 내셨죠? : You placed an employment ad in the classifieds?; Did you put up an advertisement for the Director of Sales position?

* 영업부장 : Director of Sales

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 구인 광고 냈니? (to younger people or friends)
- 구인 광고 냈나? (to younger people or friends)
- 구인 광고 냈지? (to younger people or friends)
- 구인 광고 냈냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 구인 광고 냈는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 구인 광고 냈는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 구인 광고 냈어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 구인 광고 냈나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 구인 광고 냈지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 구인 광고 냈죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)
- 구인 광고 냈는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 구인 광고 냈는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 구인 광고 냈어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 구인 광고 냈습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 구인 광고 내셨지요? (more honourific by ‘-시)
- 구인 광고 내셨죠? (more honourific by ‘-시’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)
- 구인 광고 내셨는가요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 구인 광고 내셨는지요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 구인 광고 내셨어요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 구인 광고 내셨습니까? (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 구인 : [求人] the offer of a job; a job offer

* 구인 : [拘引] (an) arrest; [=구류] custody
* 구인하다 : arrest; seize; place under arrest; take into custody
- 구인되어 있다 : be held[taken] in custody / be detained / be under arrest
- 절도 혐의로 구인되다 : be taken to a police station on suspicion of theft

* 광고 : [廣告] an advertisement;  ad; an advert; [=알림] a notice; an announcement; [=선전] advertising; publicity
- 과잉 광고 : excess ad / exaggerated advertisement
- 구인 광고 : a help-wanted advertisement / a want ad

* -를 : a particle makes 구인 광고 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 내다 : (1) come out; spring out (2) issue in the sentence
* 내시다 : an honourific word of 내다 by '-시-'

* 냈다 : past tense of 내다 by '-었-'; 내 + -었 contracted into 냈
* 내셨다 : past tense of 내시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨; 었 changed into 였 for easy pronunciation

* 냈는가? : 냈(the stem of 냈다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 냈는지? : 냈(the stem of 냈다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffixl)
* 냈어? : 냈(the stem of 냈다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 냈어요? : 냈(the stem of 냈다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 냈습니까? : 냈(the stem of 냈다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 내셨지요? : 내셨(the stem of 내셨다) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 내셨는가요? : 내셨(the stem of 내셨다) + -는가?(an  interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 내셨는지요? : 내셨(the stem of 내셨다) + -는지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 내셨어요? : 내셨(the stem of 내셨다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 내셨습니까? : 내셨(the stem of 내셨다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-스-' / '-시-' / ‘-ㅂ-‘

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;혹시 사람을 뽑나요?&quot;

혹시 사람을 뽑나요? : Do you have any positions available?; Are there any positions available?; Do you have any jobs available?; Could you tell me if you have any openings?

* 회사에서 인력이 필요한 자리 : position
* (사람을 쓸 수 있는) 빈자리, 공석 : opening

ex)

A. 실례지만, 혹시 사람을 구하나 해서요 : Excuse me, I was just wondering. Are there any positions available?

B. 죄송하지만 어제로 모두 마감되었습니다 : Sorry, they were all filled out as of yesterday

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 혹시 사람을 뽑니? (to younger people or friends)
- 혹시 사람을 뽑나? (to younger people or friends)
- 혹시 사람을 뽑냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 혹시 사람을 뽑는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 혹시 사람을 뽑는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 혹시 사람을 뽑아? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 혹시 사람을 뽑나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 혹시 사람을 뽑는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 혹시 사람을 뽑는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 혹시 사람을 뽑아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 혹시 사람을 뽑습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 혹시 : [或是] [=어쩌면] possibly; by some possibility; maybe; by (some) chance
- 혹시 집에 계신가 하고 : on the chance that I may find you at home

* 사람 : (1) human being (2) a person who works in the sentence
* -을 : a particle makes 사람 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 뽑다 : [Pronunciation: 뽑따; ㅂ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] (1) [=잡아 빼다] pull[draw / pluck / take] out; root up ; extract (2) [=선발하다] pick[single] out; select; choose; [=선거하다] elect; (국회 의원으로) return (3) [=모집하다] enlist; enroll; raise; recruit.(4) [=근절하다] exterminate; eradicate; extirpate (5) [=본전 등을 도로 찾아내다] return; recover (6) [=뽑아 내다] extract (7) [=발췌하다] pick out; extract

* 뽑으시다 : an honourific word of 뽑다 by '-으시-'

* 뽑았다 : past tense of 뽑다 by '-았-'
* 뽑으셨다 : past tense of 뽑으시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 뽑는가? : 뽑(the stem of 뽑다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 뽑는지? : 뽑(the stem of 뽑다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 뽑아? : 뽑(the stem of 뽑다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 뽑아요? : 뽑(the stem of 뽑다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 뽑습니까? : 뽑(the stem of 뽑다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-스-' / '-시-' / ‘-ㅂ-‘

* 회사 [會社] a company; Co.; a corporation; a firm; [=상사] a concern
* -에서 : a place where someone does something

* 인력 : [人力] [=사람의 힘] human power[strength]; human agency; man power; [=인간의 노동력] manpower.
* -이 : a particle makes 인력 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 필요 : [必要] (a) necessity ; (a) need ; requirement
- 필요 없는 : unnecessary / needless
- 필요 없다 : be unnecessary

* 필요하다 : be necessary; need
* 필요한 : necessary

* 자리 : (1) [=좌석] a seat (2) [=공간] a room

* 사람 : human being
* -을 : a psrticle makes 사람 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 쓰다 : (1) write (2) use in the sentence

* 쓸 : 쓰(the stem of 쓰다; 쓰 + -ㄹ contracted into 쓸) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 수 : a method; a way
* -가 : a particle makes 수 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 빈 : empty
* 자리 : (1) [=좌석] a seat (2) [=공간] a room
* 빈자리 = 공석 : opening

* 실례 : [失禮] rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; impudence; disrespect; bad manners; [=결례] a breach of etiquette; [실수•과실] error
* 실례 : 實例] an example; an instance; an illustration
* 실례하다 / 실례를 하다 : have mercy; give an excuse
* 실례를 범하다 : be rude; be impolite

* 실례지만 : 실례하(the stem of 실례하다) + -지만(but)

* 구하다 : (1) [=찾다] look for; seek (for / after); search for; pursue; want; need (2) [=청하다] ask for; call for; solicit (for); look[turn] to (3) [=얻다] get; have; obtain; [=찾아내다] find (out); [=사다] buy; purchase (4) (위험·죽음에서) rescue from ; save from; (고통·가난·나쁜 환경 등에서) relieve from ; release from ; help out of ; deliver[extricate] from ; (죄에서) redeem; reclaim

* 구하나 : 구하(the stem of 구하다) + -나(whether ... or ...; A postpositional particle used to choose something, though it is not satisfactory: 만족스럽지는 않지만 선택함을 나타내는 조사)

* 하다 : do

* -나 해서 : I wonder that ~; I am curious that ~

* -어서/-아서/-여서 : because of

* 해서요 : 해서 + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 죄송 : sorry
* 죄송하다 : be sorry
* -지만 : ..., but ~

* 어제 : yesterday
* -으로/-로 : A postpositional particle that indicates(시간을 나타내는 조사)

* 모두 : all

* 마감 : conclusion; a close; an end; a finish; (기한 등의) closing; closure

* 마감하다 : end; close; finish; drop ; bring to an end[a close]; put an end to
* 마감되다 : passive form of 마감하다 by '-되다'

* 마감되었다 : past tense of 마감되다 by '-었-'

* 마감되었습니다 : 마감되었(the stem of 마감되었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

2025-08-01

Let's learn about "차단은 어떻게 해요?"

차단은 어떻게 해요? : How can I block someone on KakaoTalk?

전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶어요 : I want to block my ex

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 차단은 어떻게 해? (to the younger or friends)
- 차단은 어떻게 하니? (to the younger or friends)
- 차단은 어떻게 하나? (to the younger or friends)
- 차단은 어떻게 하냐? (to the younger or friends)
- 차단은 어떻게 하지? (to the younger or friends)
- 차단은 어떻게 하는가? (to the younger or friends)
- 차단은 어떻게 하는지? (to the younger or friends)
- 차단은 어떻게 하는데? (to the younger or friends)

- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶다. (to younger people or friends)
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶네. (to younger people or friends)
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶어. (to younger people or friends)
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶군! (to younger people or friends)
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶은데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 차단은 어떻게 해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 차단은 어떻게 하나요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 차단은 어떻게 하지요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 차단은 어떻게 하죠? ((honourific by '-요'; 죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 차단은 어떻게 하는가요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 차단은 어떻게 하는지요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 차단은 어떻게 하는데요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 차단은 어떻게 합니까? ((honourific by '-요')

- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶네요. (honourific by '요')
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶군요! (honourific by '요')
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶어요. (honourific by '요')
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶은데요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 전 남친/여친을 차단하고 싶습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 차단 : [遮斷] interception; isolation; [전염병 방지를 위한] quarantine; [입구의] exclusion
- 교통 차단 : roadblocking / quarantine

* 차단하다 = 차단을 하다 : intercept; isolate; cut off; shut off; quarantine; break; block
* 차단되다 : passive word of 차단하다
- 외부의 음향을 차단하다 : exclude (the) outside sounds
- 교통을 차단하다 : cut off from all communication with the outside world
- 퇴로를 차단하다 : intercept[cut off] the[a person's] retreat / block the way of retreat
- 보급로를 차단하다 : block the supply route
- 도둑의 도주로를 차단하다 : cut off a thief's escape
- 그 거리의 교통이 한 시간 동안 차단되었다 : Traffic on the street was stopped[interrupted] for an hour. / The street was closed for an hour

* -을 : a particle makes 차단 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 어떻다 : [Pronunciation: 어떧타] be how
* 어떻게 : [Pronunciarion: 어떠케] (1) [=어찌] how; in what way[manner]; by what means (2) [=몹시] how (much); what; so; to what extent (3) [=어떻게든] anyway; anyhow (4) [=무엇] what
- 이 소란을 어떻게(든) 좀 해주시오 : Do something about this racket

* 하다 : do

* 하는데요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -는데/-은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to ask something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 해? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)
* 합니까? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는데? : a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는데? +  -요 : an honourific ending suffix
* a verb + -십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / '-스-' / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-요’

* 전 : [前] [막연한 과거] before; once; formerly; previously

* 남친 : a short form of 남자 친구
* 남자 친구 : boyfriend <-- 남자(男子: male, man) + 친구(親舊: friend, companion, buddy, pal, mate)
- 남자답게 행동해라 : Be a man!
- 친한 친구 : a close friend 
- 그녀는 남자 친구와 헤어졌다 : She broke up with her boyfriend

* 여친 : a short form of 여자 친구
* 여자 : girlfriend <-- 여자(女子: woman; girl) + 친구(親舊: friend, companion, buddy, pal, mate)

* -을 : a particle makes 남친 / 여친 objective after a word ends in a consonant
 
* 차단하고 : 차단하(tje stem of 차단하다) + -고(in order to; connective suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 차단하고 싶다 : I’d like to block someone

* 싶은데요 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 싶습니다 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

2025-07-31

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화해요&quot;

부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화해요 : I skype with my parents once a week; I talk to my mom on Skype every weekend; I can call my mom on video without worrying about the cost

ex)

A. 고향에 부모님은 잘 계셔? : How are your parents doing back home?

B. 잘 계셔. 일주일에 한 번은 영상 통화를 해 : They’re doing well. I skype with my parents once a week

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화해. (to younger people or friends)
- 부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화하는데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화하네요. (honourific by '요')
- 부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화하는데요. (honourific by '요')
- 부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화해요. (honourific by '요')
- 부모님과 (일주일에 한 번) 영상 통화합니다. (honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 부모 : [父母] [=양친] parents
- 부모의 : parental
- 부모가 없는  :parentless / orphaned
- 부모의 사랑[위엄] : parental love[authority]
- 부모 없는 아이 : a parentless child / an orphan

* 부모님 : an honourific word of 부모 by '-님'

* 과 : [this is used after a word ends in a consonant] (1) and (2) with in the sentence

* 일주일 : one week
* -에 : a time suffix means "at/on/in"; this can be replaced by -마다(each; every)

* 한 : one
* 번 : a unit counts numeric
* 한 번 : one time; once

* 영상 : [映像] picture, image; screen; video

* 통화 : [通話] a (telephone) call; a (telephone) message; telephone conversation; telephonic communication
- 한 통화 : one call / a conversation
- 한 통화 3분간 : a call of three minutes
- 통화 중이다 : be talking over[be on] the telephone

* 영상 통화 : video call
* -를 : a particle makes 영상 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 하네요 : 하(the stem of  하다) + -네(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 하는데요 : 하(the stem of  하다) + -는데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 해요 : 하(the stem of  하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 려) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 합니다 : 하(the stem of  하다; ㅎ + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -여 / -어 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -여 / -어 / -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +-ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

* 고향 : [故鄕] one's home; one's hometown; one's native place; one's birthplace; one's home country[village]; one's native town[village]
* -에 : a place suffix

* 부모 : [父母] [=양친] parents
* 부모님 : an honourific word of 부모 by '-님'
* -은 : a particle makes 부모님 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 잘 : well

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] (1) be (2) live in the sentence

* 계시다 : an honourific word of 있다

* 계셔 : 계시(the stem of 계시다; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -어 changed into -여 for easy pronunciation)

* 계셔 : 계시(the stem of 계시다; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix; -어 changed into -여 for easy pronunciation)

Let's learn about "영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 합니까?"

영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 합니까? : Which button should I click for a video call?

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 해? (to the younger or friends)
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하니? (to the younger or friends)
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하나? (to the younger or friends)
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하냐? (to the younger or friends)
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하지? (to the younger or friends)
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하는가? (to the younger or friends)
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하는지? (to the younger or friends)
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하는데? (to the younger or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하나요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하지요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하죠? ((honourific by '-요'; 죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하는가요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하는지요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 하는데요? ((honourific by '-요')
- 영상 통화하려면 어느 버튼을 클릭해야 합니까? ((honourific by '-요')

[explanations]
* 영상 : [映像] picture, image; screen; video

* 통화 : [通話] a (telephone) call; a (telephone) message; telephone conversation; telephonic communication
- 한 통화 : one call / a conversation
- 한 통화 3분간 : a call of three minutes
- 통화 중이다 : be talking over[be on] the telephone

* 영상 통화 : video call
* -를 : a particle makes 영상 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 하려면 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -(으)려면(in order to do; A connective ending used to assume that one has a purpose or intention of doing a certain act: 어떤 행동을 할 의도나 의향이 있는 경우를 가정할 때 쓰는 연결 어미)

* 어느 : which; what

* 버튼 : button
* -을 : a particle makes 어느 버튼 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 클릭하다 : click

* 클릭하(the stem of 클릭하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어야/-아야/-여야(have to;A connective ending used when the preceding statement is an essential condition for the following statement: 앞에 오는 말이 뒤에 오는 말에 대한 필수적인 조건임을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* -어야/-아야/-여야 하다 = -어야/-아야/-여야  되다 : An expression used to indicate that one needs or is obligated to do a certain thing(반드시 그럴 필요나 의무가 있음을 나타내는 표현)

* 해? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)
* 합니까? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는데? : a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는데? +  -요 : an honourific ending suffix
* a verb + -십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / '-스-' / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-요’

Let's learn about "저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 몰라요"

저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 몰라요 = 저는 영상 통화를 할 줄도 몰라요 : I don’t know how to make a video call

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 나는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모른다. (to the younger people or friends)
- 나는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르네. (to the younger people or friends)
- 나는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 몰라. (to the younger people or friends)

- 나는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠다. (to the younger people or friends)
- 나는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠네. (to the younger people or friends)
- 나는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠어. (to the younger people or friends)
- 나는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠군! (to the younger people or friends)
- 나는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠구나! (to the younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 몰라요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모릅니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠어요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠군요! (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 저는 영상 통화를 걸 줄도 모르겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

[explanations]
* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 영상 : [映像] picture, image; screen; video

* 통화 : [通話] a (telephone) call; a (telephone) message; telephone conversation; telephonic communication
- 한 통화 : one call / a conversation
- 한 통화 3분간 : a call of three minutes
- 통화 중이다 : be talking over[be on] the telephone

* 영상 통화 : video call
* -를 : a particle makes 영상 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call
- 영어로 말을 걸다 : talk to[address] in English

* 하다 : do

* 영상 통화를 걸다 = 영상 통화를 하다 : make a video call

* 걸 : 걸(the stem of 걸다; 걸 + -ㄹ contracted into 걸) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* 할 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 줄 : [=방법] how to ; the way
- 요리할 줄 알다 : know how to cook
- 그는 아무 것도 할 줄 모른다 : He is good for nothing

* 모르다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] don't know
* 모른다 : present tense of 모르다 by '-ㄴ'

* 몰라 : 모르(the stem of 모르다; ㄹ copied to the former letter and 으 of 르 erased before -아) + -아(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 몰라요 : 모르(the stem of 모르다; ㄹ copied to the former letter and 으 of 르 erased before -아) + -아(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honouricic ending suffix)
* 모릅니다 : 모르(the stem of 모르다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* 모르겠다 : 모르(the stem of 모르다) + -겠(the speaker's conjecture) + -다(a non-honouricic bssic verb ending suffix)
* 모르겠습니다 : : 모르(the stem of 모르다) + -겠(the speaker's conjecture) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourifc descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourifc exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honouricic ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "(일할 때) 나한테 보이스톡 하지 마세요"

(일할 때) 나한테 보이스톡 하지 마세요 : Don’t voice-call me at work; Don’t call me on Voice Talk.

근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없어요 : I can’t receive video calls at work

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- (일할 때) 나한테 보이스톡 하지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- (일할 때) 나한테 보이스톡 하지 마라. (to younger people or friends)

- 근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없다. (to younger people or friends)
- 근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없네. (to younger people or friends)
- 근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없어. (to younger people or friends)
- 근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없는데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- (일할 때) 저한테 보이스톡 하지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- (일할 때) 저한테 보이스톡 하지 말아요. (honourific by '요')

- 근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- (일할 때) 저한테 보이스톡 하시지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- (일할 때) 저한테 보이스톡 하시지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- (일할 때) 저한테 보이스톡 하시지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')

- 근무 중에는 영상 통화를 할 수 없습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스-’)

[explanations]
* 일 : working; task
* 하다 : do
* 일하다 = 일을 하다 : work

* 일할 : 일하(the stem of 일하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 때 : when; the time
* -에 : a time suffix "in; during"

* 나 : I; me (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I; me (honourific word)
* -에게 = -한테 : to; toword

* 보이스톡 : voice talk
* -을 : a particle makes 보이스톡 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 하다 : do
* 하시다 : an honourific word of 하다 by '-시-'

* 하지 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)
* 하시지 : 하시(the stem of 하시다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -십시오 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

* 근무 : [勤務] service; duty; work; business
- 시간외 근무 : overtime (work)
- 야간 근무 : night duty / a night shift
- 육상[해상] 근무 : shore[sea] service
- 주간 근무 : day duty / a day shift

* 중 : [中] [=...동안에] during; in (the course of); throughout; while; for
- 1년 중 내내 : all the year round
- 오전 중 내내 : in[all through] the morning
- 휴가 중에 : during the vacation
- 여행 중에 : on one's journey
- 부재 중에 : during[in] one's absence
- 수업 중에 : (while) in class
- 금주 중에 : in the course of[within] the week
- 오늘 중에 : sometime today / in the course of today
- 내달 중에 : some time during next month

* -에 : a time suffix
* -는 : a suffix emphasizes 근무 중에

* 영상 : [映像] picture, image; screen; video

* 통화 : [通話] a (telephone) call; a (telephone) message; telephone conversation; telephonic communication
- 한 통화 : one call / a conversation
- 한 통화 3분간 : a call of three minutes
- 통화 중이다 : be talking over[be on] the telephone

* 영상 통화 : video call
* -를 : a particle makes 영상 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 할 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 할 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not ; don’t exist; there is not ; there are not

* 없는데요 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -는데(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 없어요 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다] + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 스 + -ㅂ니다 contracted into 습니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ' / ‘-스-’

2025-07-30

Let's learn about "프로필 사진에 속으면 안 돼요"

프로필 사진에 속으면 안 돼요 : Never trust profile pics; Don’t let their profile photos fool you.

* ~에 속지 마라 : do not let ~ fool you

ex)

A. 프로필 사진에 속지 마. 써니 사진 봤어? : Don’t let their profile photos fool you. Did you see Sunny’s?

B. 그러게 말이야! 전혀 못 알아보겠더라 : I know! I hardly recognized her

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 프로필 사진에 속으면 안 된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 프로필 사진에 속으면 안 되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 프로필 사진에 속으면 안 돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 프로필 사진에 속으면 안 되는데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 프로필 사진에 속으면 안 되네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 프로필 사진에 속으면 안 돼요. (honourific by '-요')
- 프로필 사진에 속으면 안 되는데요. (honourific by '-요')
- 프로필 사진에 속으면 안 됩니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ)

* [Memo]
* Extreme honorifics(극존칭) are not used when the subject(주어) is not a person(사람). In other words, extreme honorifics(극존칭) are used only when the subject(주어) is a person(사람) :  주어가 사람이 아닌 경우는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 즉, 주어가 사람인 경우에만 극존칭을 사용한다

[explanations]
* 프로필 : profile
* -의 : a suffix makes 프로필 possesive; this omitted

* 사진 : [寫眞] a photograph; a photo ; a picture; [=스냅 사진] a snap(shot)
- 컬러 사진 : a color picture
- 흑백 사진 : a black and white photograph
- 즉석 사진 : a fast photo
- 항공 사진 : an aerial photo

* -에 : a place suffix

* 속다 : [Pronunciation: 쏙따; ㄱ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] be[get] deceived[cheated / deluded / hoaxed / defrauded / fooled]; be imposed (up)on; be taken in; be caught in a trap
- 잘 속는 사람 : a dupe / a sucker / a credulous person
- 속아서 돈을 빼앗기다 : be cheated[fooled] out of one's money / be stung
- 물건을 속아 사다 : get gypped in buying an article / buy a lemon
- 가짜를 속아 사다 : be fobbed[palmed] off with a counterfeit
- 또 속았다 : Sold again!
- 나는 그의 달콤한 말에 완전히 속았다 : I was completely taken in[deceived] by his honeyed words

* 속이다 : casautive form of 속다 by '-이-'; (1) [=기만하다] deceive; cheat; swindle; trick; hoax; gull; dupe; fool; take in; impose[play] upon; hoodwink; play a trick (2) [=거짓말을 하다] lie; tell a lie; fake; falsify; misrepresent (3) [=가장하다] feign; pretend; dissemble
- 자신을 속이다 : deceive oneself
- 노름에서 속이다 : cheat in gambling
- 계산서를 속이다 : cook up a bill
- 숫자를 속이다 : juggle with figures
- 속여서 빼앗다 : defraud[hoax] of / cheat[bilk] (out) of / swindle[trick / do] out of
- 감언이설로 속여서 빼앗다 : cajole[wheedle] out of / cajole out of
- 남을 속여 돈을 빼앗다 : cheat[swindle] a person out of money
- 속여서 하게 하다 : trick[deceive / cheat] into
- 남을 속여서 실토케 하다 : trick a person into telling the truth
- 속여서 결혼시키다 : cheat into marrying
- 물건을 속여 팔다 : sell a thing fraudulently.ㆍ
- 사실을 속이다 : misrepresent a fact
- 나이를 속이다 : misrepresent[lie about] one's age
- 그는 경력을 속였다 : He misrepresented the facts of his career. / He gave a false account of[lied about] his career
- 이름을 속이다 : assume[give] a false name
- 대학생이라 속이다 : feign[pretend to be] a university student / pass[palm] oneself off as a university student

* 속으면 : [Pronunciation: 쏘그면] 속(the stem of 속다) + -으면(if; this is used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant)

* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do (3) [=성취되다] succeed; be accomplished[attained (4) [as the form of -(이)면 되다•-만 있으면 되다] [=충분하다] be enough; be sufficient; will do; answer[serve] the purpose; it's okay (5) arrive in the sentence
- 이것이면 된다 : This will do. / This will serve[answer for] my purpose
- 이젠 됐습니다 = 많이 먹었습니다 : No more, thank you. / Thanks a lot, but I've had enough[plenty] (of it)
- 백 원만 있으면 됩니다 : A hundred won will do[answer the purpose / be enough for the purpose

* 된다 : present form of 되다 by '-ㄴ'

* 돼요 : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -어 contracted into 돼) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + ㅂ contracted into 됩) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

* -에 속다 : got deceived

* 속지 : [Pronunciation: 쏙찌] 속(the stem of 속다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : stop

* 마라 = 말아라 : 마(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased beforr 라 and 마 + -아 contracted into 마) + -아라/-어라(a non-honourific imperative verb ending suffix)

* 마 = 말아 : 마(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased beforr 라 and 마 + -아 contracted into 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative verb ending suffix)

* 써니 : Sunny
* -의 : a suffix makes 써니 possesive; this omitted

* 사진 : [寫眞] a photograph; a photo ; a picture; [=스냅 사진] a snap(shot)
* -을 : a particle makes 써니의 사진 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 보다 : see; look; watch

* 봤다 : a short form of 보았다
* 보았다 : past tense of 보다 by '-았-'

* 봤어? : 봤(the stem of 봤다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그럳타; ㅎ + ㄷ -> ㅌ] be such

* 그러게 : an adverb form of 그렇다 by '-게'; ㅎ of 그렇다 erased before 게 for easy pronunciation

* 말 : word
* 이다 : be

* 말이야! : 말 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -야!(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 전혀 : never

* 못 : can't; be unable to do

* 알다 : know
* 보다 : see; look; watch

* 알아보다 : recognize <-- 알(the stem of 알다) + -아(a connective suffix between two verbs) + -보다

* 알아보겠더라 : 알아보(the stem of 알아보다) + -겠(one's conjecture) + -더라(A sentence-final ending used to convey in the present a fact the speaker realized anew from the speaker's personal experience: 말하는 이가 직접 경험하여 새롭게 알게 된 사실을 지금 전달함을 나타내는 종결 어미)

Let's learn about "동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있어요?"

동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있어요? : Can you save the video clip and send it to me?; Can you send me the link?

ex)

A. 정말 귀여운 고양이다! 나한테도 링크를 보내줄래? : That’s the cutest cat! Can you send me the link too?

B. 어떻게 하는지 모르겠어. 페이스북에 있었거든 : I don’t know how to do that. It was on Facebook

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 동영상을 저장해서 보내 줄 수 있을까? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 동영상을 저장하셔서 보내 주실 수 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 동영상을 저장하셔서 보내 주실 수 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 동영상을 저장하셔서 보내 주실 수 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 동영상을 저장하셔서 보내 주실 수 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 동영상을 저장하셔서 보내 주실 수 있을까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 동영상을 저장하셔서 보내 주실 수 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 동영상 : [Pronunciation: 동녕상] video <-- 동(動: moving) + 영상(映像: picture, image)
* -을 : a particle makes 동영상 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 저장 : [貯藏] storage; [=보존] preservation

* 저장하다 : store (up); lay by; preserve; conserve
- 저장하고 있다 : have in store / have a store[stock] of
* 저장하시다 : an honourific word of 저장하시다 by '-시-'

* 저장해서 : 저장하(the stem of 저장하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어서/-아서/-여서(and then)
* 저장하셔서 : 저장하시(the stem of 저장하시다; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -어서/-아서/-여서(and then) 

* + -어서/-아서/-여서: and then; A connective ending used to indicate that the preceding event and the following one happened sequentially(앞말과 뒤의 말이 순차적으로 일어남을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 보내다 : send
* 보내 : 보내(the stem of 보내다; 내 + -어 contracted into 내) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) do an effort to do in the sentence
* 주시다 : an honourific word of 주다 by '-시-'

* 줄 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive/adnominal)
* 주실 : 주시(the stem of 주시다; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive/adnominal)

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 줄 수 / 주실 수 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'

* 있을까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(s suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 있을까요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(s suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? / -는지? / -을까?: a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? / -는지? / -을까? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’

* 정말 / 정말로 : really

* 귀여운 : cute
* 귀엽다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] be cute

* 고양이 : cat
* -이다 : be

* 고양이다 : 고양이 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omittef after 이) + -다(a non-honourific declarative basic verb ending suffix)

* 나 : I; me (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I; me (honourific word)
* -에게 = -한테 : to; toword

* 링크 : link
* -를 : a particle makes 링크 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 보내다 : send
* 보내주다 : do an effort to send <-- 보내(the stem of 보내다; 내 + -어 contracted into 내) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs) + -주다(do an effort to do)

* 보내줄래? : 보내주(the stem of 보내주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 어떻다 : [Pronunciation: 어떧타] be how
* 어떻게 : [Pronunciarion: 어떠케] (1) [=어찌] how; in what way[manner]; by what means (2) [=몹시] how (much); what; so; to what extent (3) [=어떻게든] anyway; anyhow (4) [=무엇] what
- 이 소란을 어떻게(든) 좀 해주시오 : Do something about this racket

* 하다 : do

* 하는지 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -는지(whether ... or)

* 모르다 : don't know
* 모르겠어 : 모르(the stem of 모르다) + -겠(one's conjecture) + -어(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 페이스북 : Facebook
* -에 : a place suffix

* 있었다 : past tense of 있다 by '-었-'

* 있었거든 : 있었(the stem of 있었다) + -거든(A sentence-final ending referring to the reason, cause, or basis for the preceding statement that the speaker thought of: 앞의 내용에 대해 말하는 사람이 생각한 이유나 원인, 근거를 나타내는 종결 어미)
   

2025-07-29

Let's learn about "데이터를 충전해야 해요"

데이터를 충전해야 해요 : I need to get some data

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 데이터를 충전해야 한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이터를 충전해야 하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이터를 충전해야 해. (to younger people or friends)

- 데이터를 충전해야 된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이터를 충전해야 되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이터를 충전해야 돼. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 데이터를 충전해야 하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 데이터를 충전해야 해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 데이터를 충전해야 합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ)

- 데이터를 충전해야 되네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 데이터를 충전해야 돼요. (honourific by '-요')
- 데이터를 충전해야 됩니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ)

[explanations]
* 데이터 : data
* -를 : a particle makes 데이터 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 충전 : [充電] charge; charging; electrification.
- 재충전 : recharging
- 전지 충전 : battery charging
- 충전식의 면도기 : a rechargeable shaver
* 충전하다 : charge (with electricity); give a charge of electricity to ; electrify
- 충전기  :a (battery) charger
* 재충전하다 : recharge

* 충전 : [充塡] filling up[in]; tamping; replenishment; plugging; inflation
* 충전하다 : fill up[in]; stop (up); replenish; plug; tamp; calk; inflate
- 이에 금을 충전하다 : fill a tooth with gold
- 충전기 : a plugger; a tamping tool; a filling machine

* 충전해야 : 충전하(the stem of 충전하다: 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어야/-아야/-여야(have to)

* 하다 : do
* 되다 : become

* -어야/-아야/-여야 하다 = -어야/-아야/-여야 되다 : have to do; must do

* 한다 : present form of 하다 by '-ㄴ'

* 해요 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 합니다 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 된다 : present form of 되다 by '-ㄴ'

* 돼요 : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -어 contracted into 돼) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + ㅂ contracted into 됩) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix by '-요'
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific declarative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

2025-07-28

Let's learn about "와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있어요"

와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있어요 : I can check KakaoTalk only when I get Wi-Fi

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있다. (to younger people or friends)
- 와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있네. (to younger people or friends)
- 와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있어. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있네요. (honourific by '요')
- 와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있는데.! (honourific by '요')
- 와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있어요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 와이파이가 터질 때만 카톡을 확인할 수 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '-스')

[explanations]
* 와이파이 : WIFI (Wireless Fidelity)
* -가 : a particle makes 와이파이 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 터지다 : (1) [=파열되다] burst (open); break; split; splinter; (종기 등이) burst; break; open; collapse (2) [=폭발하다] explode; burst (out); go off; break out; blow up (3) [=발생하다] occur[happen] suddenly; break[burst] out; take place (4) (샘·피 등이) spout ; spurt ; gush out (5) [=얻어맞다] get a blow; be beaten; be struck on (6) [=탄로나다] get exposed; be[come] out; be found out; be disclosed; be revealed; come[be brought] to light (7) [=통신이 잘 되다] communicate well
* 터졌다 : past tense of 터지다 by '-였-'; 지 + -였 contracted into 졌; 었 changed into 였 for easy pronunciation
- 박수 갈채가 터지다 : break into a loud applause
- 둑이 터졌다 : A dike collapsed[gave way]
- 입술이 터졌다 : My lips cracked
- 타이어가 터졌다 : The tire was punctured. / The tire had a blowout
- 배가 터질 것 같다 : I am full. / My stomach's about to burst
- 풍선이 터졌다 : The ballon burst
- 굉장한 소리를 내고 터지다 : blow up[go off] with a terrific explosion
- 울화통이 터지다 : (사람이) fly into a passion / burst into a rage
- 화약이 터졌다 : Gunpowder exploded
- 평소의 울분이 터지고 말았다 : Their smoldering resentment flared up
- 요란한 웃음소리가 갑자기 터져 나왔다 : There was a sudden burst[roar] of laughter
- 그 계획에 대한 반대의 목소리가 터져 나왔다 : There was an outcry against the plan
- 중대한 사건이 터졌다 : A serious matter popped up
- 전쟁이 터졌다 : A war broke[burst] out
- 코피가 터지다 : bleed at the nose / have a bloody nose
- 누나한테 철수는 오늘 신나게 터졌다. 누나의 화장품을 깨트려서 : Cheolsu was scolded a lot by his old sister today. He broke her cosmetics
- 비밀이 터졌다 : The secret was[came] out (of the bag)
- 여긴 산속이지만 휴대폰이 잘 터지네 : It's in the mountains, but the phone's working well

* 터질 : 터지(the stem of 터지다; 지 + -ㄹ contracted into 질) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 때 : when; the time
* 때만 : 때 + -만(only)

* 카톡 : Kakaotalk
* -을 : a particle makes 카톡 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 확인 : [確認] confirmation; affirmation; certification; validation
* 확인하다 : confirm; affirm; certify; validate; identify; ascertain; make sure

* 확인할 : 확인하(the stem of 확인하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 확인할 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 확인할 수 있다 : can check

* 있어요 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -는데 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -는데 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 해요"

데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 해요 : I can’t do Kakaotalk because I haven’t got any data

ex)

A. 카톡하면 왜 대답을 안 해? : You never answer my KakaoTalk!

B. 와이파이가 있는 데서만 카톡을 확인할 수 있거든 :I can check KakaoTalk only when I get Wi-Fi

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 하는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 해. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 하는데요. (honourific by '-요')
- 데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 데이터가 없어서 카톡 확인을 잘 못 합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

* [Memo]
* Extreme honorifics(극존칭) are not used when the subject(주어) is not a person(사람). In other words, extreme honorifics(극존칭) are used only when the subject(주어) is a person(사람) :  주어가 사람이 아닌 경우는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 즉, 주어가 사람인 경우에만 극존칭을 사용한다

[explanations]
* 데이터 : data
* -가 : a particle makes 데이터 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] there is not

* 없어서 : [Pronunciation: 업서서] 없(the stem of 없다) + -어서/-아서/-여서(because of)

* 카톡 : Kakaotalk
* -의 a suffix makes 카톡 possesive

* 확인 : [確認] confirmation; affirmation; certification; validation

* 확인하다 : confirm; affirm; certify; validate; identify; ascertain; make sure

* 카톡의 확인 : Kakaotalk checking
* -을 : a particle makes 카톡 확인 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 잘 : (1) well (2) frequently in the sentence

* 못 : can't; this makes the following verb negative

* 하다 : do

* 잘 못 하다 : (1) make a mistake (2) can't do well (2) can't check frequenly in the sentence

* 한다 : present tense of 하다 by '-ㄴ'

* 하는데 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 해요 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 합니다 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix by '-요'
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

* 카톡하다 = 카톡을 하다 : send a message; exchange messages by Kakaotalk

* 카톡하면 : 카톡하(the stem of 카톡하다) + -면(if)

* 왜 : why

* 대답 : [對答] a reply; an answer; a response
- 대답으로서 : for an answer
- 이도 저도 아닌 대답을 하다 : give a noncommittal[vague] answer
- 분명한 대답을 하다 : have a definite reply
- 아무 대답도 하지 않다 : make no reply[answer] / answer nothing

* 대답하다 = 대답을 하다 : reply; answer; make[give] an answer[a reply]; respond
- 거침없이 대답하다 : answer briskly / give brisk answers
- 그렇다고[그렇지 않다고] 대답하다 : give an affirmative[a negative] answer / answer in the affirmative[negative]
- 싫건 좋건 확실한 대답을 해주시오 : I should like to have a definite reply, yes or no
- 뭐라고 대답해야 좋을지 몰랐다 : I didn't know how to answer. / I was at a loss for an answer

* -을 : a particle makes 대답 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 하다 : do

* 대답을 안 하다 : don't answer

* 해? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 와이파이 : WIFI (Wireless Fidelity)
* -가 : a particle makes 와이파이 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] exist; be

* 있는 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and adnominal)

* 데 : [=곳] place
* 데서만 : 데(데 + -에 contracted into 데) + -에서(a place that someone do something) + -만(only)

* 카톡 : Kakaotalk
* -을 : a particle makes 카톡 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 확인 : [確認] confirmation; affirmation; certification; validation
* 확인하다 : confirm; affirm; certify; validate; identify; ascertain; make sure

* 확인할 : 확인하(the stem of 확인하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 확인할 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 확인할 수 있다 : can check

* 있거든 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -거든(A sentence-final ending referring to the reason, cause, or basis for the preceding statement that the speaker thought of: 앞의 내용에 대해 말하는 사람이 생각한 이유나 원인, 근거를 나타내는 종결 어미)

2025-07-25

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;왜 내 카톡을 씹어요?&quot;

왜 내 카톡을 씹어요? : Why are you ignoring my KakaoTalk?; Why don’t you check your KakaoTalk?

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 왜 내 카톡을 씹니? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 내 카톡을 씹나? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 내 카톡을 씹지? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 내 카톡을 씹냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 내 카톡을 씹는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 내 카톡을 씹는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 내 카톡을 씹어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 왜 제 카톡을 씹나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 왜 제 카톡을 씹지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 왜 제 카톡을 씹죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)
- 왜 제 카톡을 씹는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 왜 제 카톡을 씹는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 왜 제 카톡을 씹어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
♡ 아래 2문장은 아주 무례하므로 연장자에게 사용하지 않은 것이 버람직하다(The two sentences below are very rude, so it is a good idea that they are not used for elders)

- 왜 제 카톡을 씹습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)
- 왜 제 카톡을 씹으십니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

[explanations]
* 왜 : why

* 내 : a short form of 나의(my)
* 제 : a short form of 저의(my)
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -의 : a suffix makes 나 / 저 possesive

* 카톡 :  a short form of 카카오톡(Kakaotalk)
* 문자 = 메시지 : message; this omitted
* -를 : a particle makes 카톡 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* -을 : a particle makes 카톡 문자 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 씹다 : (1) chew (food) (2) ignore a messsge on a phone

* 씹으시다 : an honourific word of 씹다 by '-으시-'

* 씹었다 : past tense of 씹다 by '-었-'
* 씹으셨다 : past tense of 씹으시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 씹는가? : 씹(the stem of 씹다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 씹는지? : 씹(the stem of 씹다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 씹어? : 씹(the stem of 씹다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 씹어요? : 씹(the stem of 씹다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 씹습니까? : 씹(the stem of 씹다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 씹으십니까? : 씹으시(the stem of 씹으시다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-스-' / '-시-' / ‘-ㅂ-‘

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;인스타 아이디가 뭐예요?&quot;

인스타 아이디가 뭐예요? : What’s your Instagram ID?; May I ask for your Instagram ID?

ex)

A. 인스타에 나를 추가했어요? : Did you add me on Instagram?

B. 아뇨, 못 했어요. 아이디가 뭐라고 하셨죠? : No, I couldn’t. What’s your Instagram ID again?

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐니? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐야? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐지? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 뭔가? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 뭔지? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 뭔데? (to younger people or friends)

- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이니? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이야? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이지? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇인지? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇인데? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?")
- 인스타 아이디가 뭔가요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 뭔지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 뭔데요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐예요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 뭡니까? (formal; honourfic by '-ㅂ')
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐세요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐셔요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 인스타 아이디가 뭐입니까? (more honourific by '시-')

- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?")
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇인가요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇인지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇인데요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이에요? (honourific by '-요')
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇입니까? (formal; honourfic by '-ㅂ')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이세요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이셔요? (more honourific by '시-')
- 인스타 아이디가 무엇이십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

[explanations]
* 인스타 / 인스타그램 : Instagram
* -의 : a suffix makes 인스타그램 possesive; this omitted

* 아이디 : Identification; ID
* -가 : a particle makes 인스타 아이디 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)

* 뭔 : a short form 무슨(what)

* 어떤 : [=무슨] what / what kind[sort] of / what ‥ like
- 어떤 학교입니까? = 무슨 학교입니까? :  What kind of school is it?

* 이다 : be 

* 뭐예요? : 뭐(what) + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + 여 contracted into 예) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇이에요? : 무엇(what) + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + 어 contracted into 에) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* -예요? should be used after a noun ends in a vowel like 뭐
- 이건 뭐예요? : What is this?

* -이에요? should be used after a noun ends in a consonant like 세일 기간
- 세일 중이에요? : Is it on sale?

* 뭡니까? : 뭐(what; 뭐 + ㅂ contracted into 뭡) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 무엇이세요? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 무엇이셔요? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 무엇입니까? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)
* 무엇이십니까? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 이시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 뭐세요? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 뭐셔요? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 뭐입니까? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -(이)니? / -(이)냐? / -(이)야? / -인가? / -ㄴ가? / -인지? / -ㄴ지? / -(이)지? / -(이)ㄴ데: a questioning form of 이다
* a noun + -인가? / -ㄴ가? / -인지? / -ㄴ지? / -(이)지? / -(이)ㄴ데 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix
* a noun + -예요? / -이에요? / -입니까? / -이세요? / -이셔요? / -이십니까? : an honourific questioning form of 이다 by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ' / '시-'

* 인스타 / 인스타그램 : Instagram
* 인스타스램 : Instagram
* -에 : a place where inanimate objects are located, which means "at/in/on"

* 날 : a short form of 나를(to me)
* 절 : a short form of 저를(to me)
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -를 : a particle makes 나 / 저 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 추가 : [追加] (an) addition; an addendum ; an appendix ; [=보충] a supplement
- 추가의 : additional / supplementary

* 추가하다 : add[append] to; supplement
- 목걸이에 진주를 3개 추가하다 : add three pearls to a necklac
- 예산에 추가하다 : supplement a budget
- 우리는 맥주를 추가해서 주문했다 : We ordered more beer

* 추가하시다 : an honourific word of 추가하다 by '-시-'

* 추가했다 : past tense of 추가하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 추가하셨다 : past tense of 추가하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 추가했어요? : 추가했(the stem of 추가했다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 아니다 : be not

* 아뇨 : a short form of 아니요
* 아니요 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 못 : can't

* 하다 : do
* 하시다 : an honourific word of 하다  by '-시-'

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + 었 contracted into 했
* 하셨다 : past tense of 하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + 였 contracted into 셨; 었 changed into 였 for easy pronunciation

* 했어요? : 했(the stem of 했다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 아이디 : Identification; ID
* -가 : a particle makes 인스타 아이디 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 뭐라고 : a short form of 무엇이라고
* 뭐 / 무엇 : what

* -이라고/-라고 : as; 이(the stem of 이다) + -라고(A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding statement was a quote: 앞말이 원래 말해진 그대로 인용됨을 나타내는 조사)

* 하셨죠? : a short form of 하셨지요?
* 하셨지요? : 하셨(the stem of 하셨다) + -지(an intetrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

2025-07-24

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;인스타그램에 날 추가했니?&quot;

인스타그램에 날 추가했니? : Did you add me on Instagram?

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 인스타그램에 날 추가했니? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 날 추가했나? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 날 추가했지? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 날 추가했냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 날 추가했는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 날 추가했는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 날 추가했어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 인스타그램에 절 추가했나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 인스타그램에 절 추가했지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 인스타그램에 절 추가했죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)
- 인스타그램에 절 추가했는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 인스타그램에 절 추가했는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 인스타그램에 절 추가했어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 인스타그램에 절 추가했습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)
- 인스타그램에 절 추가하셨습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

[explanations]
* 인스타스램 : Instagram
* -에 : a place where inanimate objects are located, which means "at/in/on"

* 날 : a short form of 나를(to me)
* 절 : a short form of 저를(to me)
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -를 : a particle makes 나 / 저 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 추가 : [追加] (an) addition; an addendum ; an appendix ; [=보충] a supplement
- 추가의 : additional / supplementary

* 추가하다 : add[append] to; supplement
- 목걸이에 진주를 3개 추가하다 : add three pearls to a necklac
- 예산에 추가하다 : supplement a budget
- 우리는 맥주를 추가해서 주문했다 : We ordered more beer

* 추가하시다 : an honourific word of 추가하다 by '-시-'

* 추가했다 : past tense of 추가하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 추가하셨다 : past tense of 추가하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 추가했는가? : 추가했(the stem of 추가했다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 추가했는지? : 추가했(the stem of 추가했다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 추가했어? : 추가했(the stem of 추가했다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 추가했어요? : 추가했(the stem of 추가했다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 추가했습니까? : 추가했(the stem of 추가했다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 추가하셨습니까? : 추가하시(the stem of 추가하시다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-스-' / ‘-ㅂ-‘

Let's learn about "인스타그램에 추가해 봐요"

인스타그램에 추가해 봐요 : Add me on Instagram.

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 인스타그램에 추가해 봐. (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 봐라. (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 보게. (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 보게나. (to younger people or friends)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 볼래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 인스타그램에 추가해 봐요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 볼래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 인스타그램에 추가해 보실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 보세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 보셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 보십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 보시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 인스타그램에 추가해 보시겠습니까. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 인스타스램 : Instagram
* -에 : a place where inanimate objects are located, which means "at/in/on"

* 추가 : [追加] (an) addition; an addendum ; an appendix ; [=보충] a supplement
- 추가의 : additional / supplementary

* 추가하다 : add[append] to; supplement
- 목걸이에 진주를 3개 추가하다 : add three pearls to a necklac
- 예산에 추가하다 : supplement a budget
- 우리는 맥주를 추가해서 주문했다 : We ordered more beer

* 추가해 : 추가하(the stem of 추가하다; 하 + 어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) try (to do)
* -아 보다 / -어 보다 / -여 보다 : try to do

* 추가해 보다 : try to add

* 봐 : 보(the stem of  보다; 보 + -아 contracted into 봐) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO" or "Please  ~")
* 봐라 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")
* 보게 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -게(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO" or "Please  ~")
* 보게나 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -게나(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO" or "Please  ~")
* 볼래 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")
* 볼래요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보세요 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보셔요 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보실래요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보십시오 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")
* 보시겠어요 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + 겠어요(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")
* 보시겠습니까 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + 겠습니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 / -게 / -게나 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~"
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -겠어요 / -겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~"