2025-04-03

Let's learn about "전화 받으세요"

전화 받으세요 : There’s a call for you; There’s someone waiting on the line for you; You have a phone call; It’s for you: Someone would like to talk to you on the phone; Do you have time to take a call?

전화 받으실 수 있어요? : Can you take a call?

ex)

A. 전화 받으세요 : There’s a call for you.

B. 아내인가요? 제가 전화한다고 전해 주세요 : Is it my wife? Tell her I’ll call her back, please

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 전화 받아. (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받아라. (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받을래. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 받아 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받아 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받아 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 받을 수 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받을 수 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받을 수 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받을 수 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받을 수 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 받을 수 있는지? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 전화 받아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전화 받을래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 받아 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전화 받아 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 받으실 수 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전화 받으실 수 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전화 받으실 수 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전화 받으실 수 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 전화 받으세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받으셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받으실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받으시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받으시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 전화 받으십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받으시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받으시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 받아 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받아 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받아 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받아 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받아 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 전화 받아 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받아 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 받아 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 받으실 수 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 전화 받으실 수 있으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 전화 받으실 수 있으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 전화 받으실 수 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 전화 받으실 수 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 전화 받으실 수 있으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 받다 : [Pronunciation: 받따] (1) [=수령하다] get; have; receive; take; obtain; be given; be presented ; [=받아들이다] accept; [=수여되다] be awarded. (2) (급료·대금 등을) be paid; be given; take; receive; accept; (세금을) collect ; (요금을) charge; ask (3) (꾸어 준 것을) recover ; be recovered; be paid back (4) [=당하다] receive ; suffer; incur ; be subjected[exposed] to (5) (치료·수술 등을) undergo ; go through (6) [전화에 응답하다] answer (7) (아기를) deliver

* 받으시다 : an honourific word of 받다 by '-으시-'; '-으시-' attached to the stem of a verb ends in a consonant

* 받아 : 받(the stem of  받아) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 받아라 : 받(the stem of  받아) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 받을래 : 받(the stem of  받다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense; -을 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 받을래요 : 받(the stem of  받다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense; -을 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 받으세요 : 받(the stem of  받다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 받으셔요 : 받(the stem of  받다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 받으실래요 : 받(the stem of  받다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 받으십시오 : 받(the stem of  받다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 받으시겠어요 : 받(the stem of  받다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 받으시겠습니까 : 받(the stem of  받다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 받아 : [Pronunciation: 바다] 받(the stem of 받다) + -여(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 받아 주다 = 받아 드리다 : do an effort to answer the phone

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 받을 : [Pronunciation: 바들] 받(the stem of 받다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal; -을 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a consonant)
* 받으실 : [Pronunciation: 바드실] 받으시(the stem of 받으시다; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 받을 수 / 받으실 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a consonant

* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 있으신가요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으신지요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + -ㄴ지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으셔요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; -으시 attached to the stem of a verb ends in a cosonant; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -어? / -아? / -을까? / -을지? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -어? / -아? / -을까? / -을지? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -으세요? / -으십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-시-‘ / '-스-' / ‘-요’

* 아내 : one's wife
* 이다 : be

* 아내인가요? : 아내 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화한다 = 전화를 한다 = 전화를 건다 : (1) present tense of the above (2) future tense of the above

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 전화하겠다 = 전화를 하겠다 = 전화를 걸겠다 : have the will to call someone one’s phone <-- 겠 means the speaker's will

* 전화한다고 : 전화한(the stem of 전화한다) + -다고(A connective ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener: 말하는 사람의 생각이나 주장을 듣는 사람에게 강조하여 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 전화하겠다고 : 전화하겠(the stem of 전화하겠다) + -다고(A connective ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener: 말하는 사람의 생각이나 주장을 듣는 사람에게 강조하여 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 전하다 : (1) [소식이나 물건 등] tell; communicate; deliver; hand (over) (2) [=물려주다] hand down; transmit; leave; bequeath (3) [=전수(傳授)하다] teach; [=전하여 보내다] pass on to; impart; initiate (4) [=들여오다] introduce.5 [열·빛·소리 등을 전도(傳導)하다] transmit; conduct; propagate; convey

* 전해 : 전(the stem of 전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 전해 주다 : do an effort to tell

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
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2025-04-02

Let's learn about "끊지 말고 기다리세요"

끊지 말고 기다리세요 : Please do not hang up while you’re being transferred; Hold on while I transfer your call; Please hold while I connect you; I’ll put you through. don’t hang up

* 전화를 끊다 : hang up 

ex)

A. 연결해 드리는 동안 끊지 마세요 : Please do not hang up while you’re being transferred.

B. 5분이 넘으면 끊겠습니다 : I won’t hang up, only if it’s no longer than 5 minutes

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 끊지 말고 기다려. (to younger people or friends)
- 끊지 말고 기다려라. (to younger people or friends)
- 끊지 말고 기다릴래. (to younger people or friends)

- 끊지 말고 기다려 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 끊지 말고 기다려요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 끊지 말고 기다릴래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 끊지 말고 기다려 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 끊지 말고 기다리세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다리셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다리실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다리시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다리시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 끊지 말고 기다리십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다리시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다리시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 끊지 말고 기다려 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 끊지 말고 기다려 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 끊다 : [Pronunciation: 끈타; ㅎ + ㄷ --> ㅌ] cut off; disconnect

* 끊지 : [Pronunciation: 끈치: ㅎ + ㅈ --> ㅊ] 끊(the stem of 끊다) + --지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 말고 : 말(the stem of 말다) + -고(A connective ending used when an action or result of the preceding statement remains the same while the following action happens: 앞말이 나타내는 행동이나 그 결과가 뒤에 오는 행동이 일어나는 동안에 그대로 지속됨을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 기다리다 : wait for
* 기다리시다 : an honourific word of 기다리다 by '-시-'

* 기다려 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -여(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 기다려라 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -여라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 기다릴래 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 기다릴래요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리세요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리셔요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리실래요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리십시오 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 기다리시겠어요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리시겠습니까 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 기다려 : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -여(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 바꿔 주다 = 바꿔 드리다 : do an effort to change

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 끊다 : [Pronunciation: 끈타; ㅎ + ㄷ --> ㅌ] cut off; disconnect

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 연결[連結] : connection; linking; coupling
* 연결하다 : couple; attach; connect; interconnect; join; interlink.
* 연결되다 : be connected with

* 연결해 : 연결하(the stem of 연결하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence
* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 드리는 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 동안 : <명사(noun)> (a space of) time; a period; a span; a while; [=간격] an interval; a space; <부사적(adverbial)> in; for ; during ; between; [=사이] in the course of ; as[so] long as

* -에 : a time suffix

* 끊지 : [Pronunciation: 끈치: ㅎ + ㅈ --> ㅊ] 끊(the stem of 끊다) + --지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마세요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb endjng suffix? + -요(an honourific ending suffix means’; -세요 means "Please" or "Do")

* 5분 : [Pronunciation: 오분] five minutes
* -이 : a particle makes 5분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 넘다 : [Pronunciation: 넘따] (1) [=넘어가다] go over ; go[get] beyond; get over ; clear[take] ; hurdle[take / clear] ; [=가로지르다] cross; go across ; [=통과하다] pass (2) [=초과하다] top; exceed; go[pass] beyond ; rise above; be more than; be over (3) [=때·시한이 지나다] be over[past]; fall due; run out (4) [=뚫고 나아가다] tide over; pull[muddle] through (5) [=날이 한쪽으로 쏠리게 되다] be turned[curled] (6) [=뛰어넘다] jump; hop; clear
- 산을 넘다 : cross[go over] a mountain.
- 담을 넘다 : go over a wall
- 권한의 한계를 넘다 : overstep[exceed] one's authority
- 50세가 넘다 : be more than fifty / be on the wrong[other / shady] side of fifty
- 1시가 넘었다 : It is past one o'clock
- 계약 기한이 넘었다 : The contract has run out[expired]
- 넘을 수 없는 사랑의 장벽 : an insuperable barrier to love
- 죽을 고비를 넘다 : tide over a crisis
- 칼날이 넘다 : the edge of a knife is turned
- 도랑을 넘다 : clear[take / jump] a ditch
- 줄을 넘다 : jump[skip] rope

* 넘으면 : 넘(the stem of 넘다) + -으면(if)

* 끊겠습니다 : 끊(the stem of 끊다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
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Let's learn about "연결해 드리겠습니다"

(제가 전화를) 연결해 드리겠습니다 : I’ll put you through; I’ll connect you with him; I’ll transfer your call; I’ll switch you over to him.

* 옮기다 : transfer

ex)

A. 판매 촉진부의 윌슨 씨 연결 가능합니까? : Is Mr. Wilson from the promotion department available?

B. 영업부로 전화하셨군요. 하지만 연결해 드리겠습니다. 기다리세요 : You’ve called the sales department, but I’ll transfer your call. Hold, please

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 연결해 줄게. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 연결해 줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 연결해 주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')
- 연결해 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]
* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 연결[連結] : connection; linking; coupling
* 연결하다 : couple; attach; connect; interconnect; join; interlink.
* 연결되다 : be connected with

* 연결해 : 연결하(the stem of 연결하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence
* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 주겠습니다 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific
* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

* 판매 : [販賣] (a) sale; selling; marketing
* 판매하다 : sell; deal in; handle; dispose of; work off
- 이 책은 예약 판매합니다 : These books are sold by subscription (only)

* 촉진 : [促進] promotion; acceleration; hastening; facilitation; furtherance
* 촉진하다 : promote ; accelerate; expedite; facilitate; quicken; further; speed[step / gear] up ; give[lend] an impetus ; give a boost
- 식물의 성장을 촉진하다 : hasten[accelerate / force] the growth of a plant
- 문명의 진보를 촉진하다 : expedite[facilitate / further / quicken / accelerate / speed up] the progress of civilization
- 양국간의 무역을 촉진하다 : give a boost to trade between the two countries
- 식욕을 촉진하다 : quicken[sharpen / stimulate] the appetite

* 촉진부 : promotion department/unit <-- 촉진 + 부(a short form of 부서

* 부서 : [部署] one's post; one's station; one's place of duty

* -의  :a suffix makes 판매 촉진부 possesive

* 윌슨 : Wildon
* 씨 : Mr. or Mrs
* -를 : a particle makes 윌슨 씨 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* -와 : with; -를 can be replaced by -와

* 연결[連結] : connection; linking; coupling
* -이 : a particle makes 연결 subjective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 가능 : [可能] being possible
* (-이/-가) 가능하다 : be possible; be practicable; be feasible
* 가능한 : possible; (실현이) practicable; feasible

* 가능합니까? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니까?(a honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 영업 : [營業] business; trade; [영업 활동] business activities; [업무의 운영] operation(s); salse

* 영업부 : sales department/unit <-- 영업 + 부(a short form of 부서

* -으로/-로 : A postpositional particle that indicates the direction of movement: 움직임의 방향을 나타내는 조사

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone
* 전화하시다 = 전화를 하시다 : an honourific form of 전화를 하다 by '-시-'
* 전화를 거시다 : an honourific form of 전화를 걸다 by '-시-'; ㄹ erased before '-시-'

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 전화하셨다 : past tense of 전화하시다 by '-였-'; 었 changed into 였 after 시 for easy pronunciation; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 부서 : [部署] one's post; one's station; one's place of duty

* 하지만 : but

* 기다리다 : wait for

* 기다리세요 : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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Let's learn about "바꿔 드리겠습니다"

 (제가 전화를) 바꿔 드리겠습니다 : I’ll get him for you; He’ll be right with you; I’ll get him through

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 바꿔 줄게. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 바꿔 줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 바꿔 주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')
- 바꿔 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]
* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 바꾸다 : (1) change (2) [=전화를 연결시켜 주다] put someone on the line

* 바꿔 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence
* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 주겠습니다 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific
* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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2025-04-01

Let's learn about "달다"

* 달다 is ㄹ 불규칙 동사(ㄹ irregular verb)

1. 달다 : [Pronunciation: 달 is high short]

1) [=졸아들다] be boiled down[dry]; boil down

- 탕약이 다 달았다 : The decoction is parched up

2) [물건이 뜨거워지다] become (red-)hot; glow(벌겋게)

- 벌겋게 단 : red-hot
- 벌겋게 단 숯 : glowing charcoal
- 벌겋게 단 부젓가락 : red-hot[burnt] tongs
- 쇠막대가 열로 인해 달아 있다 : An iron rod glows with heat

3) [=몸이 뜨거워지다] feel hot[warm]; flush; burn

- 흥분해서 얼굴이 달다 : flush with excitement
- 부끄러워서 얼굴이 달다 : blush with[for] shame
- 열이 있어 몸이 달다 : be burning up with fever / feel feverish
- 그녀의 얼굴은 불에 빨갛게 달았다 : Her face was fire-flushed

4) [=마음이 초조해 지다] be[feel] irritated ; be fretful; fret[be in a fret]; [=안달하다•애가 타다] be[feel] impatient

- 시간이 가지 않아 애가 달다 = 시간이 가지 않아 애가 탄다 : be impatient for the time to pass / feel that time drags by too slowly
- 애인이 보고 싶어 애가 달다 = 애인이 보고 싶어 애가 탄다 : be dying to see one's sweetheart
- 직장을 구하려고 애가 달아 돌아다니다 = 직장을 구하려고 애가 타서 돌아다니다 : run about eagerly to seek employment
- 그들은 결과 발표가 늦어지자 애가 달았다 = 그들은 결과 발표가 늦어지자 애가 탔다 : They became impatient at the delay of the announcement of the results

5) (코·입 안이) be dried up; be parched

- 갈증으로 입 안이 달다 = 갈증으로 입이 탄다 : be parched with thirst

2. 달다 : [Pronunciation: 달 is high short]

1) [=걸다] hang (up); suspend; put up; dangle

- 태극기를 단 배 : a steamer flying the Korean flag
- 기를 달다 : hoist[raise] a flag
- 돛을 달다 : hoist[spread / put up] a sail
- 간판을 달다 : hang[put] up a signboard
- 플래카드[문패]를 달다 : put up a placard[name plate]

2) [=부착시키다] fix[affix / attach / tag](one thing to another); set[put] (one thing on another); fit (up); [=연결하다] stick; fasten; join (one thing to another)

- 선반을 달다 : fix[make] a shelf
- 명찰을 달다 : attach[affix] a name tag
- 브로치를 달다 : put on[wear] a brooch
- 머리에 리본을 달다 : wear a ribbon in one's hair / decorate one's hair with a ribbon
- 손잡이를 달다 : put a handle
- 훈장을 달다 : wear a decoration
- 열차에 기관차를 달다 : couple an engine to a train
- 창문에 커튼을 달다 : put up[hang] curtains at a window
- 셔츠에 단추를 달다 : sew a button on[to] a shirt
- 동정을 달다 : attach a collar to a coat
- 전화를 달다 : have a telephone installed
- 새 집에 전등을 달다 : fit up a new house with electric lights
- 문에 벨을 달다 : fix a bell on the doo

3) [=이어달다] add (something to); [=덧붙이다] annex[append] (one thing to another); [=기입하다] enter (in a book)

- 단서를 달다 : annex a proviso (to a deed)
- 주(註)를 달다 : add[annex / append] notes (to a book) / annotate
- 한자에 한글로 토를 달다 : show the reading of a Chinese character in Hangul
- 외상을 장부에 달다 : enter an account[a bill] in a book
- 달아 놓고 물건을 사다 : buy a thing on credit
- 우리는 툇마루를 이어달아 넓혔다 : We had the verandah[porch] enlarged
- 여백이 모자라면 인쇄된 용지에 종이를 이어달아 거기에 쓰시오 : If you don't have enough space, attach a piece of paper to the printed form and write on that

4) [=이름 등을 정하여 붙이다] give; attach

- 제목을 달다 : give a title / entitle (a book) / attach a headline 
- 이 책은 과장된 표제를 달았다 : This book has a high-sounding title

3. 달다 : [Pronunciation: 달 is low long]

1) (무게를) weigh (a thing)

- 체중을 달다 : weigh oneself (on a weighing machine) / take one's weight
- 저울로 달다 : weigh in the balance[on the scales]
- 달아서 팔다 : sell by weight
- 설탕을 5파운드 달다 : weigh out five pounds of sugar
- 달걀을 저울에 달다 : weigh eggs (on a scale)
- 나는 저울로 몸무게를 달았다 : I weighed myself on the scales

4. 달다 : [Pronunciation: 달 is low long]

1) [=달콤하다] sweet; sugary; sweet-flavored

- 단 것 : sweet things / sweet-stuff / [과자] sweets [candy]
- 너무 단 홍차 : sugary tea
- 맛이 달다 : have a sweet taste / taste sweet
- 설탕으로 달게 하다 : sweeten (coffee) with sugar
- 단 것을 좋아하다 : be fond of sweets / have a sweet tooth
- 그는 단맛 쓴맛 다 본 사람이다 : He has tasted the sweets and bitters of life
- 이 과자는 너무 달아 내 입에 맞지 않는다 : This cake is too sweet for me

2) [=맛있게 먹다] have a good appetite; [맛있다] nice; tasty; toothsome

- (음식을) 아주 달게 먹다 : eat with gusto[keen relish]

3) [=흡족하다] satisfactory; gratifying

- 단잠 : sweet sleep
- 달게 자다 : sleep soundly
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Let&amp;#39;s learn about &amp;quot;잠시만 기다리세요&amp;quot;

잠시만 기다리세요 = 잠깐만 기다리세요 : Just a moment, please; Please hold; Hold on; Can you hold?; Can I put you on hold?; Just a second; I’m going to put you on hold

* 전화를 끊지 않고 기다리다 : hold on
* 통화를 기다리는 동안의 : on hold

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 잠시만 기다려. (to younger people or friends)
- 잠시만 기다려라. (to younger people or friends)
- 잠시만 기다릴래. (to younger people or friends)

- 잠시만 기다려 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 잠시만 기다려 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 잠시만 기다려 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 잠시만 기다려요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잠시만 기다릴래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 잠시만 기다려 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잠시만 기다려 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 잠시만 기다리세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다리셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다리실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다리시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다리시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 잠시만 기다리십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다리시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다리시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 잠시만 기다려 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다려 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다려 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다려 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다려 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 잠시만 기다려 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다려 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 잠시만 기다려 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 잠시 : [暫時] [=잠깐] a little[short] while; a moment; for a (little[short]) while; for some time; for a (period of) time; for a moment

* -만 : only

* 잠시만 = 잠깐만 : for a moment[minute, while, short time, second], briefly

* 기다리다 : wait for
* 기다리시다 : an honourific word of 기다리다 by '-시-'

* 기다려 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -여(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 기다려라 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -여라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 기다릴래 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 기다릴래요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리세요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리셔요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리실래요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리십시오 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 기다리시겠어요 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 기다리시겠습니까 : 기다리(the stem of  기다리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 기다려 : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -여(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 기다려 주다 : do an effort to wait for

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 끊다 : [Pronunciation: 끈타; ㅎ + ㄷ --> ㅌ] cut off; disconnect

* 끊지 : [Pronunciation: 끈치: ㅎ + ㅈ --> ㅊ] 끊(the stem of 끊다) + --지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타; ㅎ + ㄷ --> ㅌ] don't do

* 않고 : [Pronunciation: 안코: ㅎ + ㄱ --> ㅋ] 않(the stem of 않다) + -고(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* -고 기다리다 : wait for

* 기다리는 : 기다리(the stem of 기다리다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)
* 기다리시는 : 기다리시(the stem of 기다리시다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 동안 : <명사(noun)> (a space of) time; a period; a span; a while; [=간격] an interval; a space; <부사적(adverbial)> in; for ; during ; between; [=사이] in the course of ; as[so] long as

* -에 : a time suffix
* -의 : a suffix makes 통화를 기다리는 동안 possesive
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Let's learn about "어느 부서에 근무하시는데요?"

(찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하시는데요? : Where does he work?; What department is he in?; Which department does he work in?

어느 존을 찾으시는 건데요?’ : Which John did you want to speak to?

ex)

A. 크리스라는 분 계십니까? : Is there anyone named Chris?

B. 어느 부서에 근무하는 분이세요? : What department is he in?

 [other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하니? (to younger people or friends)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하나? (to younger people or friends)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하지? (to younger people or friends)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하는가? (to younger people or friends)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하는지? (to younger people or friends)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무해? (to younger people or friends)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하는데? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하는데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무해요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무합니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하세요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하셔요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하시는데요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- (찾으시는 분이) 어느 부서에 근무하십니까? (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 찾다 : [Pronunciation: 찯따] find; search for; look for
* 찾으시다 : [Pronunciation: 차즈시다] an honourific word of 찾다

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)
* -이 : a particle makes 찾으시는 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 어느 : [=어떤] which; what

* 부서[部署] : one's post (of duty); one's place; department
* -에 : a place suffix

* 근무[勤務] : duty; service; work

* 근무하다 : do duty; be on duty; work; serve
* 근무하시다 : an honourific word of 근무하다 by '-시-'

* 근무하는데요? : 근무하(the stem of 근무시다) + -는데?(an interrogative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 근무하시는데요? : 근무하시(the stem of 근무하시다) + -는데?(an interrogative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 근무해요? : 근무하(the stem of 근무하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 근무합니까? : 근무하(the stem of 근무하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 근무하세요? : 근무하(the stem of 근무하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 근무하셔요? : 근무하(the stem of 근무하다) +  -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 근무하십니까? : 근무하(the stem of 근무하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -(으)세요? / -(으)셔요? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? / -(으)십니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-시” / '-스' / ‘-ㅂ’

* 어느 : [=어떤] which; what

* 존 : John

* -을 : a particle makes 어느 존 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable

* 찾는 : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)
* 찾으시는 : 찾으시(the stem of 찾으시다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 찾는 것 : looking for; to look for

* 건데요? : a short form of 것인데요?
* 것인데요? : 것(a thing) + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ데?(an interrogative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 크리스 : Chris

* -라는 : An expression used to quote someone while modifying the following noun: 들은 사실을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)
* -이 : a particle makes 크리스라는 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + -ㄷ --> ㄸ] exist; stay; be

* 계시다 : an honourific word of 있다; be; stay; be located
- 아버지 계시냐? : Is your father in[at home]?
- 잠깐만 계십시오 : Please wait a minute[moment]
- 좀 더 계십시오 : Stay a little longer
- 런던에 얼마나 계셨습니까? : How long have you been in London?

* 계십니까? : 계시(the stem of 계시다; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 근무하는 : 근무하(the stem of 근무하다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)
* 근무하시는 : 근무하시(the stem of 근무하시다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 분이세요? : 분(a person) + -이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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2025-03-31

Let's learn about "존 바꿔 주시겠어요?"

존(을) 바꿔 주시겠어요? : Could I speak to John, please?

여기 존(이란 이름을 가진 분)이 세 분 계십니다 : There are three Johns here; We have three Johns; There are three people with that name ;We have three people by the name of John

ex)

A. 존 바꿔 주시겠어요? : Could I speak to John, please?

B. 사실 존이란 이름을 가진 분이 세 분인데요. 그분 성을 아시나요? : Actually, we have three people by the name of John. Do you know his last name?

* 성 : last name, family name, surname

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 존(을) 바꿔 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 존(을) 바꿔 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 존(을) 바꿔 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 존(을) 바꿔 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 존(을) 바꿔 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 존(을) 바꿔 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 존(을) 바꿔 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 존(을) 바꿔 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 존(을) 바꿔 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 존(을) 바꿔 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 존(을) 바꿔 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 존(을) 바꿔 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 존(을) 바꿔 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 존 : John
* -을 : a particle makes 존 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable

* 바꾸다 : (1) change (2) [=전화를 연결시켜 주다] put someone on the line

* 바꿔 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 바꿔 주다 = 바꿔 드리다 : do an effort to change

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 여기 : here

* 존 : John

* 이다 : be

* -이란 : a short form of -이라는
* 이라는 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -라는((1) An expression used to quote someone while modifying the following noun: 들은 사실을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현 (2) An expression used to quote a remark such as an order, request, etc., while modifying the following noun: 명령이나 요청 등의 말을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현)

* 이름 : first name
* -을 : a pariticle makes 이름 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 가지다 : have

* 가진 : 가지(the stem of 가지다; 지 + -ㄴ contracted into 진) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verv past tense and adnominal)

* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being (honourific word)
* -이 : a particle makes 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 세 : three
* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* -이 : a particle makes 세 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + -ㄷ --> ㄸ] be; exist

* 계시다 : an honourific word of 있다

* 계십니다 : 계시(the stem of 계시다; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 사실 : [事實] (1) [=실제의 일] a fact; an actual fact; a reality; [=현실] actuality; a factum ; [=진실] the truth; the case (2) [=실제로] actually; really; [=사실인즉] in fact; [=실은•사실은] as a matter of fact

* 세 분인데요 : 세 분 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask something while anticipating the listener's response: 듣는 사람의 반응을 기대하며 어떤 일에 대해 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 그 : that
* 분 : human being (honourific word)
* 그분 : that person
* -의 : a suffix makes 그분 possesive; this omitted

* 성 : [姓] last name
* -을 : a pariticle makes 성 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 알다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] know

* 아시나요? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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Let&#39;s learn about &quot;어느 분 찾으세요?&quot;

어느 분(을) 찾으세요? : Who would you like to speak to?; Who did you want to talk to?; Who did you want to speak with?; Who are you looking for?; With whom do you wish to speak?; To whom should I put you through?

* ~을 찾다 : look for

ex)

A. 어느 분을 바꿔 드릴까요? : Who would you like to speak to?

B. 글쎄요, 매장 책임자 아무나 바꿔 주세요 : I don’t know. Anyone in charge of the store

 [other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 어느 분(을) 찾니? (to younger people or friends)
- 어느 분(을) 찾나? (to younger people or friends)
- 어느 분(을) 찾지? (to younger people or friends)
- 어느 분(을) 찾냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 어느 분(을) 찾는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 어느 분(을) 찾는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 어느 분(을) 찾아? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 어느 분(을) 찾나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 어느 분(을) 찾지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 어느 분(을) 찾죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)
- 어느 분(을) 찾는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 어느 분(을) 찾는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 어느 분(을) 찾아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 어느 분(을) 찾습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)
- 어느 분(을) 찾으세요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 어느 분(을) 찾으셔요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 어느 분(을) 찾으십니까? (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 어느 : [=어떤] which; what

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)
* -을 : a particle makes 어느 분 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable

* 찾다 : [Pronunciation: 찯따] find; look for

* 찾습니까? : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 찾으세요? : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 찾으셔요? : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 찾으십니까? : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -(으)세요? / -(으)셔요? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? / -(으)십니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-시” / '-스' / ‘-ㅂ’

* 어느 : [=어떤] which; what

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)
* -을 : a particle makes 어느 분 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable

* 바꾸다 : (1) change (2) [=전화를 연결시켜 주다] put someone on the line

* 바꿔 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 바꿔 주다 = 바꿔 드리다 : do an effort to change

* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 글쎄 : (1) [강조·고집] just; please (2) [주저] well; say; I think; let me see; (생각할 때) ah; uh; er --
- 글쎄 내 말 들어 : All right. But listen to me
- 글쎄 해 보라구 : Just try it
- 글쎄 조용히 하라구 : Please be quiet!
- 그 아이디어라면, 글쎄 홍씨한테서 나왔을거야 : That idea may have come from, say, Mr. Hong
- 글쎄 아무래도 모르겠는데 : Well, I am sure I don't know
- 글쎄 어디에 두었더라 : Let me see -- Where have I put it?
- 글쎄 네 잘못인지도 모를 일이지 : Well, you may be wrong
- 글쎄 내주까지 기다릴까? : Well, shall we wait until next week?
- 글쎄 그럼 돈이 얼마 더 필요하니? : Well, then, how much more money will you need?

* 글쎄요 : 글쎄(let me see) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 매장 : [賣場] [=파는 장소] a counter; a sale(s)room; [=점포] a shop; a store
* -의 : a suffix makes 매장 possesive; this omitted

* 책임 : [責任] responsibility; (지불의) liability; [=책무] an obligation; duty

* 책임자 : [責任者] responsible person, person who fulfills his obligations; superior, one who is higher than another in rank or position <-- 책임 + 자(a person)

* -를 : a particle makes 매장 책임자  objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omittable

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(an declarative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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2025-03-30

Let&amp;amp;#39;s learn about &amp;amp;quot;전데요&amp;amp;quot;

전데요 : Speaking; This is he; This is Jack speaking.

ex)
  
A. 여보세요, 테리 있어요? : Hello. Is Terry home?

B. 전데요. 누구세요? : Speaking. Who’s calling?

A. 나야. 폴 : It's me, Paul

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 나다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나야. (to younger people or friends)
- 난데. (to younger people or friends)

- 나라니까. (to younger people or friends)
- 나라고. (to younger people or friends)
- 나라구. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 저네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저예요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저인데요. (honourific by '-요')
- 전데요. (honourific by '-요'; a short form of 저인데요)
- 저입니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')
- 접니다.(honourific by '-요'; a short form of 저입니다)

- 저라니까요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저라고요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저라구요. (honourific by '-요')

* [Memo]
We don't use extreme honorifics(극존칭) for older people or people we don't know. Because you have to speak less than the other person(나이가 많거나 잘 모르는 사람에게는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 왜냐하면 자기 자신을 상대방보다 낮춰서 말을 해야 하기 때문에)

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저: I (honourific word)

* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 이다 : be

* 나다 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -다(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 나네: 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -네(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 나야 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -야(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 난데 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted and 나 + -ㄴ contracted into 난) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask something while anticipating the listener's response: 듣는 사람의 반응을 기대하며 어떤 일에 대해 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미)

* 나라니까 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라니까?((1) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier: 앞서 말한 내용을 다시 확인하면서 말하는 사람이 자신의 말을 강조함을 나타내는 종결 어미 (2) A sentence-final ending used when the speakers orders repeatedly while scolding someone mildly: 가볍게 꾸짖으면서 반복해서 명령하는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미)

* 나라고 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라고(A sentence-final ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener: 말하는 사람의 생각이나 주장을 듣는 사람에게 강조하여 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미)

* 나라구 : the stronger word of 나라고)

* 저네요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -네(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)
* 저예요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -예 contracted into 예) + -여(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)
* 저인데요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask something while anticipating the listener's response: 듣는 사람의 반응을 기대하며 어떤 일에 대해 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 전데요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted and 저 + -ㄴ contracted into 전) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)
* 저입니다 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 접니다 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted and 저 + -ㅂ contracted into 접) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 저라니까요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라니까?((1) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier: 앞서 말한 내용을 다시 확인하면서 말하는 사람이 자신의 말을 강조함을 나타내는 종결 어미 (2) A sentence-final ending used when the speakers orders repeatedly while scolding someone mildly: 가볍게 꾸짖으면서 반복해서 명령하는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)

* 저라고요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라고(A sentence-final ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener: 말하는 사람의 생각이나 주장을 듣는 사람에게 강조하여 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)

* 저라구요 : the stronger word of 저라고요

* 여보세요 : 여(this is a short form of 여기: here) + 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + 어(a declarative and imperative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) <-- 여기 보오

* 여기 : (1) here (2) (look at) me in the sentence

* 보오 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 테리 : Terry
* -가 : a particle makes 테리 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + -ㄷ --> ㄸ] be; exist

* 있어요? : [Pronunciation: 읻서요] 있(the stem of 있다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 누구 : who; whom
* 이다 : be
* 누구세요? : a short form of 누구이세요?
* 누구이세요? : 누구 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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2025-03-28

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;존이에요?&quot;

존이에요? : John?; Is this John?; Am I speaking to John?; You must be John; You’ve gotta be John; You have got to be John

ex)

A. 신시아와 통화하고 싶은데요. 전 대학 친구입니다. : I’d like to talk to Cynthia, please. This is a friend of hers from college.

B. 너 존이야? 어머나, 정말 오랜만이구나! : John? Is that you? My god, I haven’t heard from you in/for ages!

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 존이니? (to younger people or friends)
- 존이냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 존이야? (to younger people or friends)
- 존인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 존인지? (to younger people or friends)
- 존이지? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 존인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 존인지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 존이지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 존이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 존입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 존이십니까? (more honourific by '-시-')

[explanations]
* 존 : John

* -이다 : be

* 입니까? : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 이십니까? : 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? / -지? / -어? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? / -지? / -어? / -아? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -예요? / -이에요? / -입니까? / -십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅅ-‘ / ‘-요’

* 신시아 : Cynthia

* -와 : with; this is used after a word ends in a vowel
* -과: with; this is used after a word ends in a consonant

* 통화[通貨] : currency; the medium of circulation; current coins

* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call

* -를 : a particle makes 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone
* 통화하시다 : an honourific form of 통화하다 by '-시-'

* 통화하고 : 통화하(tje stem of 통화하다) + -고(in order to; a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶은데요 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 대학 : [大學] : [=종합 대학] a university; [=단과 대학] a colleg

* 친구 : [親舊] a friend; [=동지] a companion; a mate; a fellow; a comrade; a pal; a chum; [=교우] a circle; company

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an  honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 너 / 니 : you
* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 니 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 존 : John

* 이다 : be
* 이야? : 이(the stem of 이다) + -야?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 어머나! : Oh, my! (by female)

* 정말 / 정말로 / 진짜 / 진짜로 / 너무 / 엄청 : too much

* 오랜 : long, old, long-time
- 오랜 친구 : an old friend

* -만 : (1) [시간의 경과] after the lapse of ‥; interval (2) [=단지·다만·뿐] only; alone; merely; just; [한도·범위] as many[much] as; as[so] far as; at least

* 오랜만 : a short form of 오래간만
* 오래간만(에) : after a long time[interval / silence / absence / separation] / for the first time in a long time[while]; 간 of 오래간만 means between two times (old time and current time)

* 이다 : be

* 이구나! : 이(the stem of 이다) + -구나!(a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix)
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2025-03-27

Let's learn about "누구세요?"

누구세요? = 전화 거신 분은 누구시죠? = 누구신지 여쭤 봐도 될까요? : Who’s calling, please?; Who is this?; Whom may/should/shall I say is calling?; May I ask who’s calling?; Who am I speaking to?

ex)

A. 영업부입니다. 무엇을 도와 드릴까요? : Sales Department. Can I help you?

B. 안녕하세요. 박 대리님과 통화할 수 있을까요? : Yes, could I speak to Mr. Park, please?

A. 누구신지 여쭤 봐도 될까요? : May I ask who’s calling?

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 누고? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구니? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구야? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구지? (to younger people or friends)
- 누군데? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구신가? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구신지? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 누구요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 누구지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 누구죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)
- 누군데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 누구입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 누구세요? (more honourific by '시')
- 누구셔요? (more honourific by '시')
- 누구시지요? (more honourific by '시')
- 누구시죠? (more honourific by '시'; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)
- 누구신가요? (more honourific by '시')
- 누구신지요? (more honourific by '시')
- 누구신죠? (more honourific by '시'; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)
- 누구십니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do
* 하시다 : an honourific word of 하다 by '-시-'

* 주다 : give
* 주시다 : an honourific word of 주다 by '-시-'

* 걸다 : make a phone call
* 거시다 : an honourific word of 걸다 by '-시-'; ㄹ erased before 시

* 전화하다 = 전화(를) 하다 = 전화(를) 주다 = 전화를 드리다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 한 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㄴ contracted into 한) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)
* 준 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄴ contracted into 준) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)
* 건 : 걸(the stem of 걸다; 걸 + -ㄴ contracted into 준 after ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 하신 : 하시(the stem of 하시다; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)
* 주신 : 주시(the stem of 주시다; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)
* 거신 : 거시(the stem of 거시다; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* -은 : a particle makes 사람 / 분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 누구 : who; whom

* 이다 : be

* The lefts are made from the rights by erasing "-이-"
<반말(talking down to)>
* 누구니? <-- 누구이니?
* 누구냐? <-- 누구이냐?
* 누구야? <-- 누구이야?
* 누구지? <-- 누구이지?
* 누구신가? <-- 누구이신가?
* 누구신지? <-- 누구이신지?
* 누군데? <-- 누구인데?

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
* 누구지요? <-- 누구이지요?
* 누군데요? <-- 누구인데요?

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
* 누구세요? <-- 누구이세요?
* 누구셔요? <-- 누구이세요?
* 누구시지요? <-- 누구이시지요?
* 누구신가요? <-- 누구이신가요?
* 누구신지요? <-- 누구이신지요?
* 누구십니까? <-- 누구이십니까?

* a noun + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ데? / -지? / -신가? / -신지? : a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다
* a noun + -ㄴ데? / -지? / -신가? / -신지? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -입니까? / -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? : an honourific interrgative form of 이다 by ‘-ㅂ’ / '-요' / '시'

* 영업 : [營業] business; trade; [=영업 활동] business activities; [=업무의 운영] operation(s)

* 영업부 : Sales Department

* 이다 : be
* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 무엇 : what
* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 돕다 / 도우다 : help
* 도와 : 도우(the stem of 도우다) + -아(a connecion suffix betweeb two verbs)
* 주다 : give
* 도와주다 : help with effort

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 안녕 : [安寧] (1) (public) peace; tranquility; good health; well-being; welfare (2) How are you?; Good morning [day]; Good afternoon; Good evening; Good night; good-bye

* 안녕하다 : (1) be well; be all right. (2) [=평안하다] peaceful; calm; uneventful; [=건강하다] healthy; in good health; hale and hearty; be (quite) well; be doing well

* 안녕하세요? : 안녕하(the stem of 안녕하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 박 대리님 : Mr. Park <-- 박(Last name) + 대리(deputy manager) + 님(an honourific suffix attached to a person's name)

* -와 : with; this is used after a word ends in a vowel
* -과: with; this is used after a word ends in a consonant

* 통화할 : 통화하(the stem of 통화하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 통화할 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있을까요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 누구신지 : 누구(who) + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + 시(a suffix makes a noun more honourific) + -ㄴ지(A connective ending used to indicate an ambiguous reason or judgment about the following statement: 뒤에 오는 말의 내용에 대한 막연한 이유나 판단을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 여쭈다 : (1) [=아뢰다] tell ; inform; say; mention; state (2) [=문의하다] ask ; inquire 
- 인사를 여쭈다 : greet
- 좀 여쭙겠는데요 : Excuse me, but ‥
- 또 한 가지 여쭈어 볼 일이 있습니다 : I have one more question to ask you

* 여쭙다 : an honourific word of 여쭈다

* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) try to do

* -아/-어/-여 보다 : try to do

* 여쭤 보다 : try on; try to ask

* 봐도 : 보(the stem of 보다; 보 + -아 contracted into 봐) + -아도/-어도/-여도(A connective ending used when assuming or recognizing the truth of the preceding statement, although it is not related to or does not influence the following statement: 앞에 오는 말을 가정하거나 인정하지만 뒤에 오는 말에는 관계가 없거나 영향을 끼치지 않음을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 되다 : (1) become (2) Could ~;  Can ~

* -아도/-어도/-여도 되다 : An expression used to indicate that a certain act is allowed or accepted(어떤 행동에 대한 허락이나 허용을 나타낼 때 쓰는 표현)

* 될까요? : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -ㄹ contracted into 될) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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Let's learn about "존 스미스 씨 댁입니다"

존 스미스 씨 댁입니다 : Smith residence; Hello, (this is the) Smith residence; Hello, this is John Smith speaking.

ex)

A. 여보세요 : Hello

B. 여보세요, 제니퍼 좀 바꿔 주실래요? 저는 에이미예요 : Hello, can I talk to Jennifer? This is Amy

[Explanations]
* 존 스미스 : John Smith

* 씨 : (남자에게 붙여서) Mr. ; (여자에게 붙여서) Mrs. ; Miss; Ms

* 댁[宅] (1) [=가정] a home; [=주택] a house; a residence; [=상대의 집] your home; [=남의 집] a person's home; [=가족] your[his] family (2) [=당신] you (3) [...의 아내] Mrs. ‥; the wife of
- 댁은 어딥니까 : Where is your home? / Where do you live?
- 댁까지 바래다 드리겠습니다 : Let me see you home. / I'll drive you home.
- 이것은 댁의 것입니까 : Is this yours?
- 나중에 댁으로 전화 드리겠습니다 : I will call you up later (at home)
- 김 씨댁 : the wife of Mr. Kim / Mrs. Kim

* 이다 : be
* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 여보세요 : 여(this is a short form of 여기: here) + 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + 어(a declarative and imperative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) <-- 여기 보오

* 여기 : here

* 보오 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 제니퍼 : Jennifer
* -를 : a particle makes 제니퍼 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 좀 : a little with the meaning of "Please"

* 바꾸다 : (1) change (2) [=전화를 연결시켜 주다] put someone on the line

* 바꿔 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 바꿔 주다 : do an effort to change

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 에이미 : Amy

* 이다 : be

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

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2025-03-26

Let's learn about "여보세요"

여보세요 = 여보시오 : Hello; Yes: Yeah!

토니 (리)입니다 : Tony; Tony Lee, may I help you?; Tony here; Tony speaking

<Explanations>

* 여보세요 : 여(this is a short form of 여기: here) + 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + 어(a declarative and imperative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) <-- 여기 보오

* 여보시오 : 여(this is a short form of 여기: here) + 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + 어(a declarative and imperative verb ending suffix) + -오(an honourific ending suffix) <-- this is from 여기 보오

* 여기 : here

* 보오 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 토니 리 : Tony Lee

* 이다 : be

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

<사람들이 전화걸 때 많이 쓰는 ‘여보세요’는 어떤 의미일까?>

문법적으로 따지자면 “여보세요”에서의 ‘여보’의 어원은 ‘여기(此處)’의 ‘여’에 ‘보다(視)’의 어간 ‘보-’가 합해 이루어진 것으로 ‘-세요(해요체)’가 덧붙여진 말이다.

결론적으로 “여보세요”란 말을 굳이 해석하자면 “이봐요, 여기 좀 보세요”란 의미로 해석될 수 있을 것이다. 그렇다면 우리나라에서는 전화를 걸고 받을 때 통상적으로 “여보세요”라고 말하는 이유는 과연 무엇일까?

우리나라에 처음으로 전화가 도입된 것은 바로 1896년, 그러니까 조선 궁내부에 자석식 교환기가 설치되면서부터였다.

이어서 1902년 3월 한성-인천간 전화가 개설되고, 한성전화소에서 전화업무를 개시함으로써 비로소 일반인들도 전화를 사용할 수 있게 되었다.

당시 사람들은 전화기를 통해서 멀리 떨어져 있는 사람과 이야기를 나눌 수 있다는 사실을 무척이나 신기해 하였고 놀라움을 금치 못했다.

전화기를 처음 접한 사람들이 기대 반, 설레임 반으로 가장 먼저 사용한 단어가 바로 다름 아닌 “여보세요”였다고 한다.

상대방의 얼굴은 보이지 않는데, 수화기 속의 사람과는 얘기를 해야 하겠고 그러자 나온 첫마디가 “여보세요”(이봐요, 여기를 보세요)하면서 수화기 안의 사람을 조심스럽게 불러본 것이다.

그 이후론 다들 전화기에 귀를 갖다대곤 한다는 첫마디가 “여보세요”였다고 한다. (http://www.cynews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=13123)
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Let&#39;s learn about &quot;제가 받을게요&quot;



제가 받을게요 : I’ll get that; I’ll answer that; Let me get that

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 내가 받을게. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 제가 받을게요. (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 제가 받겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]
* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 받다 : [Pronunciation: 받따] (1) [=수령하다] get; have; receive; take; obtain; be given; be presented ; [=받아들이다] accept; [=수여되다] be awarded. (2) (급료·대금 등을) be paid; be given; take; receive; accept; (세금을) collect ; (요금을) charge; ask (3) (꾸어 준 것을) recover ; be recovered; be paid back (4) [=당하다] receive ; suffer; incur ; be subjected[exposed] to (5) (치료·수술 등을) undergo ; go through (6) [전화에 응답하다] answer (7) (아기를) deliver

* 받을게요 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 받겠습니다 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific
* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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2025-03-25

Let's learn about "받지 마세요"

(전화를) 받지 마세요 : Leave it; Just let it ring; Don’t answer it; Don’t pick up; Don’t get that.

ex)

A. 너 전화 울리는 거 아니야? : Isn’t that your phone ringing?

B. 그냥 놔둬 : Just let it ring.

A. 또 전화를 골라 받는구나 : You’re screening your calls again

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 받지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 받지 마라. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 받지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 받지 말아요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 받으시지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 받으시지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 받으시지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 받다 : [Pronunciation: 받따] (1) [=수령하다] get; have; receive; take; obtain; be given; be presented ; [=받아들이다] accept; [=수여되다] be awarded. (2) (급료·대금 등을) be paid; be given; take; receive; accept; (세금을) collect ; (요금을) charge; ask (3) (꾸어 준 것을) recover ; be recovered; be paid back (4) [=당하다] receive ; suffer; incur ; be subjected[exposed] to (5) (치료·수술 등을) undergo ; go through (6) [전화에 응답하다] answer (7) (아기를) deliver

* 받지 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)
* 받으시지 : 받으시(the stem of 받으시다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -십시오 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

* 너 / 니 / 네 : you (non-honourifix'c word)
* -의 : a suffix makes 너 / 니 possesive; this omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 울다 : cry; ring; sound

* 울리다 : passive form of 울다 by '-리-'; (1) let cry; move[touch] to tears (2) [=소리를 내다] ring ; sound ; beat ; jingle ; chime ; clang ; blow (3) [=소리가 나다] sound; ring; peal(방울 등이); go bang(쾅하고); roar; [=울려 퍼지다] thunder; rumble; roll(뇌성이); boom(대포가); [=소리가 반향하다] echo; resound; reverberate

* 울리는 : 울리(the stem of 울리다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 거 : a short form of 것이
* -가 : a particle makes 전화가 울리는 거 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted; this omitted
* -이 : a particle makes 전화가 울리는 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted; this omitted

* 아니다 : be not; no <--> 이다(be)
- 아니다. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니네. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니야. (to younger people or friends)
- 아닌데. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아니예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아닌데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아니오. (honourific by ‘-오’)
- 아뇨. (honourific by ‘-요’; a short form of "아니오")
- 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 그냥 : (1) [=그대로] as it is; as it stands; intact; in the same way as before; still (2) [=줄곧•계속해서] all the time[way]; (all) through; throughout; continuously (3) [=단지] just; only
- 단지 (조용히) 그냥 앉아 있다 : I'm just sitting quietly

* 놓아두다 = 놓아 두다 : [Pronunciation: 노아두다] [=내버려두다] leave; allow; let
- 개를 그냥 놓아둬. 놀리면 물 테니까 : You had better leave that dog alone, it will bite you if you tease it
- 홍차가 너무 묽으니 더 우러나게 놓아두시오 : The tea is too weak, let it stand for a little while

* 놔두다 : a short form of 놓아두다; 놓 + -아 contracted into 놔 after ㅎ erased before 아

* 놔둬 : 놔두(the stem of 놔두다; 두 + -어 contracted into 둬) + -어(a non-honourific verb ending suffix)

* 또 : again

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 고르다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] choose; select; screen

* 골라 : 고르(the stem of 고르다; 고르 changed into 골ㄹ before 아) + -아(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 받다 : [Pronunciation: 받따] (1) receive (2) answer (the phone)

* 받는구나! : 받(the stem of 받다) + -는구나!(a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix)
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Let's learn about "전화 좀 받아 줄래요?"

전화 좀 받아 줄래요? : Can you get that (for me)?; Would you mind picking up the phone?; Answer it!; Somebody, answer the phone; Is anyone gonna get that?; Mind getting that for me?

* 누가 전화를 받다 : who answer the phone, who get the phone, who pick up the phone
* 내가 전화를 받다 : I’ll get it

ex)

A. 전화 오는데, 좀 받아 줄래? : The phone’s ringing. Can you get that for me?

B. 못 받아요. 지금 욕실에 있어요! : I can’t. I’m in the shower!

[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 전화 좀 받아 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 좀 받아 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 좀 받아 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠니? (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 좀 받아 주겠나? (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 좀 받아 주겠냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 전화 좀 받아 주겠어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 전화 좀 받아 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전화 좀 받아 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전화 좀 받아 주겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 전화 좀 받아 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전화 좀 받아 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 좀 받아 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 좀 받아 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 좀 받아 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 전화 좀 받아 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 좀 받아 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 전화 좀 받아 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 누가 : who; this omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 받다 : (1) [=수령하다] get; have; receive; take; obtain; be given; be presented ; [=받아들이다] accept; [=수여되다] be awarded. (2) (급료·대금 등을) be paid; be given; take; receive; accept; (세금을) collect ; (요금을) charge; ask (3) (꾸어 준 것을) recover ; be recovered; be paid back (4) [=당하다] receive ; suffer; incur ; be subjected[exposed] to (5) (치료·수술 등을) undergo ; go through (6) [전화에 응답하다] answer (7) (아기를) deliver

* 받아 : 받(the stem of 받아) + -여/-어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* (전화를) 받아 주다 = (전화를) 받아 드리다 : do an effort to answer the phone

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")
* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 주겠니? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -니?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")
* 주겠나? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -나?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")
* 주겠냐? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -냐?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")
* 주겠어? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")

* 주겠나요? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 주겠어요? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 주겠습니까? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어 : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -어? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : a honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-습-' / '-ㅂ'

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 오다 : (1) come (2) [=도착하다] reach; arrive

* 오는데 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -는데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted
* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted
* 나 : I (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend; this used before subjective particle '-는')
* 저 : I (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly; this used before subjective particle '-는')
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 못 : (1) [Pronunciation: low sound] can't; be unable to do (2) [Pronunciation: high sound] (금속으로 만든) a nail; [=대못] a spike; [=나무못] a peg (3) [Pronunciation: high sound] a pond; a pool(작은 웅덩이)

* 받아요 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 지금 : now

* 욕실 : [Pronunciation: 욕씰] 浴室] a bathroom; a bath; a toilet (room)
- 욕실이 딸린 셋집  :a house to let with a bathroom

* -에 : a place suffix means "in"

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] be; exist

* 있어요 : [Pronunciation: 읻서요] 있(the stem of 있다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
   
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