1. 감정/의견 표현 - 화제 전환 / 말 잇기 - 말 잇기 : emotion/opinion expression - subject change / connection a word with a word
* 감정[感情] : feeling; emotion; sentiment; passion; impulse
* 감정[憾情] : ill feeling; a grudge; resentment; indignation; ill [bad] blood
- 감정이 있다 : have an ill feeling
* 감정[鑑定] : judgment; an expert opinion; appraisal; estimation; criticism
- 감정하다 : judge; appraise; estimate
* 표현[表現] : expression; presentation; representation; manifestation
- 표현하다 : express; represent
- 표현할 수 없는 : inexpressible / indescribable / beyond expression.
* 화제[話題] : a topic[subject] (of conversation)
* 화재[火災] : a fire; a conflagration; a blaze
* 전환[轉換] : (1) [=바뀜] conversion; switch; [=변환] turnover; switchover (2) diversion
* 말 : (1) [=언어] word, language, speech, (literary) tongue; [=이야기] talk; expression term, ; [=단어] word; [=구] phrase (2) horse
* 잇다 : (1) [실•끈•조각 등] join (sth to sth), connect (sth with/to sth); piece (sth) together (2) [생계•말] continue, keep on (with) (3) [기업•전통] inherit, succeed, carry on, take over
* 잇기 : a noun form of 잇다 <— 잇다 + 기(a suffix makes a verb a noun)
* 실 : thread; yarn
* 끈 : [=줄] a string; a cord; a ribbon; a lace; a braid; a line; a plait; a band.
* 조각 : a peice; a bit; a fragment; a slip; a strip; [=얇은 조각] a slice; [=자투리] a scrap; a cut
* 생계[生計] : a living; (a) livelihood
* 말 : a word
* 기업[企業] : an enterprise; an undertaking; a business
* 전통[傳統] : (a) tradition; [=인습] (a) convention; [=유산] a heritage; [=역사] a history
2. See the original: https://phrase.dict.naver.com/detail.nhn?bigCategoryNo=11&middleCategoryNo=92&smallCategoryNo=385&targetLanguage=en
3. See the related lessons on my blog
1) 화제 전환 / 말 잇기 : http://mymintscent.blogspot.com/2020/01/lets-learn-about-from-naver-portal_12.html
4. 대화(Dialogue)
<A person> 어디까지 말했었죠? : Where were we?
[other expressions]
- 어디까지 말했지? (to the younger or friendly)
- 어디까지 말했죠?
- 어디까지 말했지요?
- 어디까지 말했나요?
- 어디까지 말했습니까? (formal, polite)
- 어디까지 말했었지? (to the younger or friendly)
- 어디까지 말했었죠?
- 어디까지 말했었지요?
- 어디까지 말했었나요?
- 어디까지 말했었습니까? (formal, polite)
[explanations]
* 어디까지 : (1) up to where (2) how far; to what extent
* 말하다 : talk; speak; converse; utter; remark; chat (over); have a talk [chat](with); tell; put (in); state; mention; relate; explain; describe; say; bid; express
* 말했다 : past form of 말하다
* 말했었다 : present perfect or past form of 말하다.
* -지 of 말했지 / 말했었지 / 말했지요 : a questioning verb ending suffix
* -나 of 말했나 / 말했나요 : a questioning verb ending suffix
* -스 of 습니까? : a polite suffix to other. esp. to the elderly
* -까? of 습니까? : a questioning verb ending suffix
* -요 of 말했지요? / 말했나요? : a polite suffix to other. esp. to the elderly
* -죠 of 말했죠 / 말했었죠 : a short form of 지(a questioning suffix) + 요(a polite suffix to other)
* a verb + -지 / -지요 / -죠 / -나 / -나요 / -습니까? : a questioning verb ending suffix
<B person> 공항에서 내린 데까지 이야기했어요 : We were talking about landing at the airport.
[other expressions]
- 공항에서 내린 데까지 말했네요. (might rude)
- 공항에서 내린 데까지 말했습니다. (formal)
- 공항에서 내린 데까지 이야기했어요.
- 공항에서 내린 곳까지 말했네요. (might rude)
- 공항에서 내린 곳까지 말했습니다. (formal)
[explanations]
* 공항[空港] : an airport; an aerial port; airdrome; an aviation field; an aerodrome
* 공항에 착륙하다 / 공항에 내리다 : land at an airport
* 에 of 공항에 : a place suffix like at/on/in
* 착륙[着陸] : (a) landing; alighting; touchdown; [rocket] a blastdown
* 착륙하다 : land; make a landing; alight; reach the ground; ground; touch[set / put] down
* 내리다 : take [bring] down; set [put] down; lower (a flag, a sail); let (a person) off (a car); land at/on a airport
* ㄴ of 내린 : a consonant makes a verb complete or past tense
* 내린 : past tense of 내리다
* 곳 / 데 : a place
* 까지 : up to; until; till
* 말하다 : say; talk; tell
* 말했다 : 말하다 + 었(a letter makes a verb past tense) + 다(a descritpive verb ending suffix)
* -스 of 습니다 : a polite suffix to other. esp. to the elderly
* 시 of 십니다 : a polite suffix to other. esp. to the elderly
* a verb + -워요 / -어요 / -네요 / -네요 / -습니다 / -십니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix expresses a politeness by "-요” or "스” or "시”
5. 문장(Sentences)
1) 있잖아요... : By the way…
[other expressions]
- 있잖아. (to the younger or friendly)
- 있잖니. (to the younger or friendly)
- 있잖냐. (to the younger or friendly)
- 있잖어. (to the younger or friendly)
- 있잖어요.
- 있잖습니까. (formal, polite)
[explanations]
* 있다 : be; exist; have
* -아 / -니 / -냐 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix attracting the attention of the other party
* -요 : a suffix shows teller’s politeness to other
* -습니- of 습니까 : a descriptive verb ending suffix shows teller’s politeness to other and means "be; do"
* -까 of 습니까 : a descriptive verb ending suffix attracting the attention of the other party
2) 말하자면... : So to speak…
[other expressions]
- 말하자면요.
[explanations]
* 말하다 : say; tell; speak
* 자 of 말하자면 : A connection suffix means "I’d like do"
* 면 : if
* 요 : a verb ending suffix shows a politeness to other
3) 아시다시피... : As you know…
[other expressions]
- (이미) 알다시피... (to the younger or friendly)
- (이미) 아시다시피 ...
[explanations]
* 이미 : already
* 알다 : know
* 아시다 : a polite form of 알다 to other. esp. the elderly
* -시피 : as one do
4) 사실은... : The truth is… / The fact is…
[other expressions]
- 사실은 말이죠.
- 사실은 말입니다.
- 사실은 말입니다요.
[explanations]
* 사실 : truth
* 은 : a suffix makes 사실 subjective
* 말 : word
* 이다 : be
* -죠 : a short form of 지요
* -이죠 / 입니다 / 입니다요 : a polite descriptive form of 이다 to other
5) 그런데... : But…
[other expressions]
- 그렇지만...
- 근데...
[explanations]
* 그렇다 : [= 그러하다] so; such; like that; that way; Yes; No; That's right
* 근데 : a short form of 그런데
* 그런데 / 그렇지만 : but
6) 그뿐만 아니라... : Not only that…
[other expressions]
- 그뿐 아니라...
- 그뿐 아니고...
- 그뿐 아니고요...
- 그뿐만 아니고...
- 그뿐만 아니고요...
[explanations]
* 그뿐 / 그뿐만 : a short form of 그것뿐 / 그것뿐만(only that) <— 그(that) + 것(thing; stuff) + 뿐/뿐만(only)
* 아니다 : not
* -라 of 아니라 : a descriptive and verb ending suffix shows a little imperative nuance
* -고 of 아니고 : a desxriptive verb ending suffix means "and"
* 요 : a verb ending suffix shows a politeness to other
7) 어쨌든... : Anyway…
[other expressions]
- 어찌하든...
- 어찌했든... (어쨌든 is a short form of this)
[explanations]
* 어찌하다 / 어쩌다 / 어떻게 하다 : take some measure; do somehow; manage somehow; manage to do
* 어쨌든 : 어쩌다 + 했든 = at any rate; anyway
* 어찌하든 : 어찌하다 + 하든 = at any rate; anyway
* 어찌했든 : 어찌하다 + 했든 = at any rate; anyway
* -하든 : whatever one does
* -했든 : past tense of -하든
8) 글쎄요. : Well…
[other expressions]
- 글쎄.
[explanations]
* 글쎄 : well
* 요 : a polite verb ending suffix
9) 글쎄 뭐랄까요 : Well, what can I say?
[other expressions]
- 글쎄(요). 무엇이랄까요.
- 글쎄(요). 무어라 말할까요.
- 글쎄(요). 무어라고 말할까요.
- 글쎄(요). 뭐라고 말할까요.
- 글쎄(요). 무엇이라 말할까요.
[explanations]
* 글쎄 : well
* 요 : a polite verb ending suffix
* 뭐랄까요 : a short form of 무엇이랄까요?
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)
* 무어 : another form of 무엇(what)
* -라 / -라고 : as; quote
* 무어라 / 무엇이라 / 뭐라고 : what
* -ㄹ까 of 이랄까요 / 말할까요 : This expresses the questioning nuance
* 요 of 이랄까요 / 말할까요 : a verb ending suffix shows a politeness to other
* 이다 of 이랄까요 : be
* 말하다 of 말할까요 : say; speak
* 말할까요 : Shall I say it?
* 이랄까요 : How should I say this?
10) 말하자면 길어요 : It's a long story.
[other expressions]
- 말하자면 기네요.
- 말하자면 깁니다. (formal, polite)
- 말씀드리자면 기네요. (more polite)
- 말씀드리자면 길어요. (more polite)
- 말씀드리자면 깁니다. (formal, more polite)
[explanations]
* 말 : word
* 말씀 : a polite form of 말 to the elderly
* 말하다 : say; speak; tell
* 말씀하다 : a polite form of 말하다 to other
* 말씀드리다 = more polite form of 말하다 to other
* 자 of 자면 : let’s do
* 면 : if
* 긴 : long
* 길다 : be long
* -어요 / -네요 / -ㅂ니다 : a polite descriptive verb ending suffix by "-요” or "-ㅂ-“
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