1.. a postposition attached to a root stem of a word ends a vowel.
1) [단정(conclusion)] a affirmative descriptive postposition; this used to the younger or friendly.
- 저기 오는 개가 성수네 개야 = 저기 오는 개가 선수네 개다 : Look at the dog that's coming. That's Seongsu's dog.
* 저기 : over there
* 오다 : come
* 오는 : present tense of 오다
* 개 : dog
* 가 : a suffix makes 개 subjective
* 성수 : a korean name called as ´Seongsu’
* -네 : (1) one's family (2) all of
* 개 : dog
* -야 / -다 : a affirmative descriptive suffix
2) [질문(inquiry)] a questioning postpostion after pointing to a thing; this used the younger or friendly.
- 날 보자고 한 것은 너야? = 날 보자고 한 게 너냐? : Was it you who wanted to see me?
* 날 : a short form of 나를
* 나 : I
* 를 : a suffix makes 나 objective after a word ends a vowel
* 보다 : see; look; watch; meet in this sentence
* -자고 of 보자고 : 자(a persuasive verb suffix means "let’s" + 고(a verb suffix attached to the stem of a verb, expressing the intention of asking back to the opponent's will)
* 하다 : do
* 한 : past tense or infinitive form of 하다
* 게 : a short form of 것이
* 것 : a thing; a stuff; anything to do
* 은 : a suffix makes 것 subjective after a word ends a consonant
* 이 of 것이 : a suffix makes 것 subjective after a word ends a consonant
* 보자고 한 것 : who wanted to see
* 너 : you
* -냐 / -야 : a questioning suffix to the younger or friendly
3) [한정(specific)·강조(emphasis)] a postposition indicates something special or specific; this used to the younger or friendly.
- 나야 그것을 이해하고도 남지 : I understand it well enough.
* 나 : I
* -야 : a postposition emphasize 나 and makes 나 subjective
* 그것 : it
* 을 : a suffix makes 그것 objective after a word ends a consonant
* 이해하다 : understand
* -고도 : 고(a suffix means "and") + 도(a suffix means "also; too")
* 남다 : [=여분이 있다] remain (over); be left (over); [=너무 많다] be too many[much]; be in excess[surplus]
* -지 : a suffix has the meaning of telling a fact with a slight feeling
- 결과야 어찌되건 내가 알바 아니다 : I don't care for what may come of it. / I don't care for[I can't help] the consequence
* 결과 : result
* -야 : a postposition emphasize 결과 and makes 결과 subjective
* 어찌되다 = 어떻게 되다 : come to an end <— 어찌/어떻게(how; what) + 되다(become)
* -건 : (1) [-거나] and; or (2) [=...일지라도•-거든] even though; even if; when
* -거나 : (1) [열거] and; or (2) [양보] (even) though[if]; no matter how[what / when / where / who]; whatever, etc (3) [상반] whether ‥ or ‥.
* -거든 : (1) [가정·조건] provided that; if; when (2) [비교] still more; how much more (3) 까닭] as; so; since; owing to; due to; for.
* 내 : I (non-polite to other person)
* 가 : a suffix makes 내 subjective after a word ends a vowel
* 알다 : know
* -바 : a suffix attached to a verb means "방법(way)" or "일(word; thing)"
* 아니다 : be not
* 알바 아니다 : I don’t care for
- 그는 이번에야 합격하겠지 : He is sure to succeed in examination this time
* 그 : he
* 는 : a suffix makes 그 subjective after a word ends a vowel
* 이번 : this time
* 에 : a time suffix
* -야 : a postposition emphasizes 이번에
* 합격하다 : succeed in examination
* -겠- : a suffix speculate the future meand "someone think; someone be sure to do"
* -지 : a suffix has the meaning of telling a fact with a slight feeling
- 다음날에야 나는 그 사실을 알았다 : It was not till the next day that I knew the facts
* 다음 : next
* 날 : day
* 에 : a time suffix
* -야 : a postposition emphasizes 다음날
* 나 : I (non-polite to other person)
* 는 : a suffix makes 나 subjective after a word ends a vowel
* 그 : that; the
* 사실 : fact
* 을 : a suffix makes 사실 objective after a word ends a consonant
* 알다 : know
* 알았다 : past tense of 알다
- 이렇게 늦어서야 어떻게 떠나나 : How can we start when it's so late now!
* 이렇게 : like this; so in this sentence
* 늦은 : late
* 늦다 : be late
* -어서 : a suffix attached to the stem of a word ending in a vowel except 'ᅡ·ㅗ', meaning that the word is the condition, means, reason, etc. of the following words
* -야 : a postposition emphasizes 늦어서
* 어떻게 : how
* 떠나다 : leave; start
* -나 : a questioning suffix to the younger or friendly.
- 어른이 되어서야 건강의 고마움을 깨달았다 : I did not know the blessing of health till I grew up.
4) [열거(enumeration)] a postposition means "and"; attached to a word ends a vowel; if a word ends a consonant, "-이야" should be used.
- 사과야 배야 온갖 과일이 다 있구나! : Apples, pears, all kinds of fruits!
* 사과 : apple
* 배 : pear
* 온갖 : all kinds of
* 과일 : fruit
* 이 : a suffix makes 과일 subjective after a word ends a consonant
* 다 : all
* 있다 : be; there is; there are
* -구나 : an exclamation suffix
2. [호칭(appellation/title)] a vocative postposition, attached to a noun ends a vowel, means "hullo; hello; hallo; hi"; this used to the younger or friendly or an animal or a thing. if a noun ends a consonant, "-아" should be used.
- 아가야 : my dear baby
* 아가 : a baby
- 새야 새야 파랑새야! : It's a bird, a bird, a blue bird.
* 새 : a bird
* 파랑 : blue
* 파랑새 : a blue bird
- 철수야 : my dear Chol-su!
3. a exclamation word.
1) [감탄(exclamation)] a sound made when welcomed, surprised, or admired. this means "Oh!; Oh dear!; Good heavens!; Dear me!; O my!; My eye!; Good gracious!; Wow!; Great Heavens!; By Jove!; Gosh; Gee!; Ah!"
- 야, 굉장하다! : Wow, it’s great!
* 굉장한 : grand, huge; magnificent, wonderful
* 굉장하다 : a verb form of 굉장한
- 야, 이건 너무했다 : By Heavens, this is really too much
* 이건 : a short form of 이것(this thing) + 은(a suffix makes 이것 subjective after s word ends a consonant)
* 너무하다 : be really too much
* 너무했다 : past tense of 너무하다
- 야, 이거 김군 아닌가 : Well, well, well, if it is not Mr. Kim
* 이거 : a short form of 이것(this thing; this man)
* 김 : last name called "Kim"
* 군 : Mister (Mr.) (non-polite to other person)
* 아니다 : be not
* -ㄴ가 : a questioning suffix to the younger or friendly
- 야, 놀랐다 : Oh, what a surprise!
* 놀라운 : surprising, astonishing, terrifying, frightening; wonderful, excellent, splendid, marvelous
* 놀라다 : (1) be surprised [astonished, amazed, shocked]; be startled; be astounded (at); be stunned; jump; be taken aback (by) (2) be frightened [startled, alarmed] at; be horror-struck; be terrified; have a fright (3) wonder at; marvel at
* 놀랐다 : past tense of 놀라다
- 야, 좋다 : Oh[Ooh], how nice!
* 좋은 : good; nice
* 좋다 : be good; be nice
2) [명령(calling sound)] a sound when an adult calling a child or a young friend calling one another. this means "hello; hullo; hallo; hey; hi; I say; come; hey there; there; here"
- 야, 거기 서 있어 : Hey, Stand right there.
* 거기 : [=그곳] right there
* (에) : a place suffix
* 서 : an imperative form of 서다(stand)
* 있다 : be
* 서 있다 : be standing
* -어 of 서 있어 : an imperative verb ending suffix
- 야, 일어나 Hey, wake up, you!
* 일어나다 : rise; wake up
* 일어나 : an imperative form of 일어나다
- 야, 거기 누구냐 Hey there! Who are you?
* 거기 : [=그곳] right there
* (에) : a place suffix
* 누구 : who
* -냐 : a questioning suffix to the younger or friendly
- 야 김군, 오래간만이군 Hi, Mr. Kim! I haven't seen you for ages.
* 김 : last name called "Kim"
* 군 : Mister (Mr.) (non-polite to other person)
* 오랜 : old
* 오래간만이다 : I haven’t seen you for ages
* -군 : an exclamation suffix
4. [설명(explanation)] a descriptive verb ending suffix to ther younger or friendly
- 그 소문은 사실이 아니야 : The rumor is not true:
* 그 : that; the
* 소문 : romour
* 은 : a suffix makes 소문 subjective after a word ends a consonant
* 사실 : fact
* 가 : a suffix makes 사실 the topic of the sentence
* 아니다 : be not
* -야 : a descriptive verb ending suffix
5. a noun means "민간"(a party out of power; a nongovernment party; the outs; civilian; being outside the government) or a short form of "야당"(an opposition party; being outside the government)
- 야로 물러나다 : [정당이] go out of power / [사람] leave the government service / go out of public office / retire private life
* 로 : to; toward
* 물러나다 : leave; go out of
* 정당 : [=정치단체] political) party
* 사람 : human being
- 야에 있다 : (반대당에) be in opposition / (민간에) be in private life / remain : out of public office / be out of office[power].
* 에 : a place suffix
* 반대당 : the opposition party
* 민간 : the private sector
6. [강조(emphasis)] a postposition with a special emphasis on the words, such as a root stem of a word ending in a vowel, postposition, or suffix.
- 너야 반대를 안 하겠지 : You wouldn't disagree.
* 너 : you (non-polite to other person)
* 야 : a suffix emphasizes 너 and makes 너 subjective after a word ends a vowel.
* 반대 : opposition, objection, dissent
* 반대하다 : oppose, object (to), be opposed (to), disapprove (of)
* 를 : a suffix makes 반대 objective after a word ends a vowel
* 안 : not
* 하다 : do
* -겠- : will
* 지 : a descriptive verb ending suffix to ther younger or friendly
* -을/를 안하겠지 : someone wouldn’t do
- 이번에야 되겠지 : I'm sure we'll make it this time.
* 이번 : this time
* 에 : a time suffix
* 야 : a suffix emphasizes 이번에 and makes 이번에 subjective
* 되다 : become; make it; succeed
* -겠- : will
* 지 : a descriptive verb ending suffix to ther younger or friendly
- 기어이 잡고야 말겠소 : I'm gonna grab it.
* 기어이 : (1) [=기필코•꼭] 꼭] by all (manner of) means; by hook or by crook; without fail; at any cost[price / risk] (2) [=마침내•결국] finally, at last, in the end, after all
* 잡다 : capture; grab
* 고 : a verb suffix attached to the stem of a verb, expressing the intention of asking back to the opponent's will)
* 야 : a suffix emphasizes 잡고
* 말다 : end up (doing); finally do
* -겠- : will
* -소 : a descriptive verb ending suffix used in old days
* -고야 말겠다 : I’m going to do
7. [감탄(exclamation)] an exclamation suffix attached to "-나" or "-다" verb ending suffix; this used to the younger or friendly
- 참, 우습구나야 : Oh, that's funny.
* 참 : Oh; really, [=진짜로] truly, [=매우] very, so, very much, quite, extremely
* 우스운 : funny
* 우습다 : be funny
* -구나 : an exclamation suffix to the younger or friendly
* -야 : a suffix emphasizes 우습구나
- 걱정했던 것보다 날씨가 좋다야 : The weather is better than I worried
* 걱정하다 : worry
* 걱정했다 : psst tense of 걱정하다
* 걱정했던 : an adjective form of 걱정했다
* 것 : a thing; a stuff
* 보다 : more than
* 날씨 : weather
* 가 : a suffix makes 날씨 subjective after s word ends a vowel
* 좋은 : good
* 좋다 : be good
* -야 : a suffix emphasizes 좋다
8. [들판•농장] a word means "a field; a plain; a farm"
- 평야 : plain
* 평 : plat
* 야 : field
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