1. 많으면 남기세요 / 꼭 다 드셔야 되는 건 아니에요 : You don’t have to finish your dinner / You don’t have to clean the plate if it’s too much / It’s okay if you don’t finish, but try to finish what you can
[other expressions]
- 많으면 남겨. (to younger people or friends)
- 많으면 남겨라. (to younger people or friends)
- 많으면 남겨요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 많으면 남기세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 많으면 남기셔요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 많으면 남기십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 많으면 남겨도 된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 많으면 남겨도 되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 많으면 남겨도 돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 많으면 남겨도 돼요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 많으면 남겨도 되세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 많으면 남겨도 되셔요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 많으면 남겨도 됩니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 많으면 남겨도 되십니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 꼭 다 먹어야 되는 건 아니다. (to younger people or friends)
- 꼭 다 먹어야 되는 건 아니네. (to younger people or friends)
- 꼭 다 먹어야 되는 건 아니야. (to younger people or friends)
- 꼭 다 드셔야 되는 건 아니에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 꼭 다 드셔야 되는 건 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 많은 : many; much
* 많다 : be many; be much
* 많으면 : 많(the stem of 많다) + -으면(if)
* 남기다 : (1) leave; [뒤에 남기다] leave behind; bequeath; [보관하다] reserve; save; spare (2) [이윤을 남기다] make [realize, secure, obtain] a profit; gain
* 남겨 : 남기(the stem of 남기다) + -여(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 남겨라 : 남기(the stem of 남기다) + -여라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 남겨요 : 남기(the stem of 남기다) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 남기세요 : 남기(the stem of 남기다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 남기셔요 : 남기(the stem of 남기다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 남기십시오 : 남기(the stem of 남기다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 남기셔도 : 남기(the stem of 남기다) + -여도/이어도(a descriptive particle used in a verb ending in a vowel, indicating the meaning of assumption or concession)
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do
* 된다 : present form of 되다
* -여도 된다 / -이어도 된다 : someone can do
* 되네 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -네(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 돼 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 돼요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되세요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되셔요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되십니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 꼭 : (1) [=반드시•틀림없이] surely, certainly, undoubtedly; [=무슨 수를 써서라도] at any cost (2) [세게•단단히] tight(ly), [=꽉] fast (3) [=아주 비슷하게] exactly
- 나는 그가 꼭 돌아올 것이라고 믿는다 : I believe that he would surely come back
- 뚜껑을 꼭 닫아라 : Put the lid on tight
- 우리 딸은 나를 꼭 닮았다 : My daughter looks just[exactly] like me
* 다 : all; completely
* 먹다 : eat
* 드시다 : an honourific form of 먹다 to the elderly
* 먹어야 되다 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -어야 되다(have to; must)
* 드셔야 되다 : 드시(the stem of 드시다) + -여야 되다(have to; must)
* 되는 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb attributive)
* 건 : a short form of 것은
* 것 : a thing
* -은 : a suffix makes 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* 먹어야 되는 것 : what someone have to eat; a thing to eat
* 아니다 : be not
* 아닙니다 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* an adjective + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* an adjective + -에요 / -ㅂ니다 : a honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
2. 아니. 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있는걸요 : No. I want, but this is just so delicious
[other expressions]
- 아니. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니다. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니네. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니오. (honourific by ‘-오’)
- 아니요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아니에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있어. (to younger people or friends)
- 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있는걸. (to younger people or friends)
- 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있네요. (might be rude; honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있는걸요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그러고 싶지만, 정말 맛있습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 아니다 : be not
* 아니 : s short form of 아니다
* 아닙니다 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a adjective + -다 / -네 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a adjective + -오 / -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a adjective + -예요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* 그러고 : do that; do like that
* 싶다 : want to; would love to
* 싶지만 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -지만(but)
* 그러고 싶지만 : I want to do that; I’d love to, but
* 정말 : really; so much
* 맛있는 : delicious
* 맛있다 : be delicious
* 맛있는걸 : 맛있(the stem of 맛있다) + -는걸(a descriptive verb ending suffix expresses one's thoughts or feelings about a action or state)
* 맛있습니다 : 맛있(the stem of 맛있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific)+ -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* -는걸 / -ㄴ걸 : a short form of "-는 것을”. a descriptive verb ending suffix, attached to the stem of a verb or an adjective like "있다•없다•계시다" or a suffix like "-시-•-겠-•-았-•-었-“, expresses one's thoughts or feelings about a action or state
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는걸 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는걸 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -에요 / -ㅂ니다 / -습니다 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-습’
3. 후식은 뭘 드릴까요? / 후식으로는 뭘 드릴까요? : What would you like for dinner? / What can I get you for dinner? / Would you like some dessert? / Want anything for dinner?
[other expressions]
- 후식은 뭘 줄까? (to younger people or friends)
- 후식은 뭘 줄까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 후식은 뭘 드릴까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 후식으로는 뭘 줄까? (to younger people or friends)
- 후식으로는 뭘 줄까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 후식으로는 뭘 드릴까요? (formal; honourific by ‘-요’)
[explanations]
* 후식 : dessert <— 후(after) + 식(meal)
* -은 : a suffix makes 후식 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* -으로 : as
* -는 : a suffix makes 후식으로 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* 뭘 : a short form of 무엇을
* 무엇 : what
* -을 : a suffix makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 주다 : give
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다 to the elderly or customers
* 줄까? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 줄까요? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
4. 후식은 생략할게요. 배가 너무 불러서요 : I’ll pass on the dessert. I’m too full
[other expressions]
- 후식은 생략할게. (to younger people or friends)
- 후식은 생략할게요. (formal; honourific by ‘-요’)
- 배가 너무 불러서. (to younger people or friends)
- 배가 너무 불러서요. (formal; honourific by ‘-요’)
[explanations]
* 후식 : dessert <— 후(after) + 식(meal)
* -은 : a suffix makes 후식 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* 생략 : (1) omission; abbreviation; abridgment (2) passing
* 생략하다 / 생략을 하다 : (1) omit; abbreviate; abridge (2) pass in the sentence
* 생략할게 : 생략하(the stem of 생략하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will)
* 생략할게요 : 생략하(the stem of 생략하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 배 : (1) ship (2) stomach in the sentence
* -가 : a suffix makes 배 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 너무 : too much
* 부르다 : (1) call (a person); call out to (a person); hail; summon (2) sing (3) be pregnant (4) be bulgy; be swolen (4) bid; offer (5) [irregular verb] the stomach) (be) full; have eaten one's fill in the sentence
- 배가 부르다 : (1) I’m full (2) [= 나는 임신했다 / 나는 아이를 가졌다] I’m pregnant
* 불러서 : 부르(the stem of 부르다; 부르 changed into 불러 before -어서) + -어서/서(because of)
* 불러서요 : 부르(the stem of 부르다) + -어서/서(because of) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
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