1. 필요한 거 있으시면 말씀하세요 : If you need anything, please say so / If you need something, just let me know / Let me know if there is anything you need / Don’t hesitate to ask
[other expressions]
1) to younger people or friends
- 필요한 거 있으면 말해.
- 필요한 거 있으면 말해라.
- 필요한 거 있으면 말할래.
- 필요한 거 있으면 말해요. (polite by ‘-요’)
- 필요한 거 있으면 말할래요. (polite by ‘-요’)
- 필요한 거 있다면 말해.
- 필요한 거 있다면 말해라.
- 필요한 거 있다면 말할래.
- 필요한 거 있다면 말해요. (polite by ‘-요’)
- 필요한 거 있다면 말할래요. (polite by ‘-요’)
2) to the elderly or customers
- 필요한 거 있으시면 말씀하세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 필요한 거 있으시면 말씀하셔요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 필요한 거 있으시면 말씀하십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 필요한 거 있으시면 말씀해 주세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 필요한 거 있으시면 말씀해 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 필요한 거 있으시면 말씀해 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 필요 : necessity; need; requirement; indispensability
* 필요한 : necessary; needed; needful; requisite; essential; indispensable
* 필요하다 / 필요로 하다 : a verb form of 필요한
* 거 / 것 : a thing; a stuff; 거 is a short form of 것
* 필요한 것 : something to be needed
* 있다 : be; exist; have
* 있다면 : 있다 + -면(if; this is used before the stem of a verb ends in a vowel)
* 있으면 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으면(if; this is used before the stem of a verb ends in a consonant)
* 있으시면 : an honourific form of 있으면 by ‘-시-‘
* 말 : a word
* 말하다 / 말을 하다 : say; tell; speak
* 말씀하다 / 말씀을 하다 : an honourific form of 말하다 to the elderly, customer or unfamiliar people; in general, this is used as the form of 말씀하시다 / 말씀을 하시다
* 말씀해 : 말씀하(the stem of 말씀하다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 주다 : give
* -어 주다 / -여 주다 : do something with effort; this often is used to express politeness when asking
(ex) 말씀해 주세요 : Please tell me
* 말해 : 말하(the stem of 말하다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 말해요 : 말하(the stem of 말하다) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 말해라 : 말하(the stem of 말하다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 말할래 : 말하(the stem of 말하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 말할래요 : 말하(the stem of 말하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 말씀하세요 : 말씀하(the stem of 말씀하다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 말씀하셔요 : 말씀하(the stem of 말씀하다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 말씀하십시오 : 말씀하(the stem of 말씀하다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
* 주세요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of 주다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)
-
* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix by ‘-시’ and ‘-요/-오’
2. 맛있게 먹었어요 : I enjoyed your meal / Dinner was delicious / Dinner was wonderful / The meal was fabulous / What a feast / A delightful meal
[other expressions]
- 맛있게 먹었다. (to younger people or friends
- 맛있게 먹었네. (to younger people or friends
- 맛있게 먹었어. (to younger people or friends
- 맛있게 먹었네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 맛있게 먹었어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 맛있게 먹었습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 맛있는 : delicious
* 맛있게 : an adverb form of 맛있는 by ‘-게’(a suffix makes an adjective an adverb)
* 맛있다 : a verb form of 맛있는
* 먹다 : eat
* 먹었다 : past tense or present perfect of 먹다
* 먹었습니다 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -었(a suffix makes a verb past tense or present perfect) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honouriric descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
3. 이걸 직접 만드셨어요? / 이걸 직접하신 거예요? : You cooked this all by youtself? / You made all this? / Did you cook this yourself
[other expressions]
- 이걸 직접 만들었니? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접 만들었나? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접 만들었냐? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접 만들었어? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접 만들었는가? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접 만들었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이걸 직접 만들었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이걸 직접 만들었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이걸 직접 만들었습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 이걸 직접한 거니/것이니? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접한 거냐/것이냐? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접한 거야/것이야? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접한 건가/것인가? (to younger people or friends
- 이걸 직접하신 건가요/것인가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 이걸 직접하신 거예요/것이에요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 이걸 직접하신 겁니까/것입니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 이걸 : a short form of 이것을
* 이것 : this thing <— 이(this) + 것(a thing)
* -을 : a suffix makes 이것 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 직접 : [Pronunciation: 직쩝] (1) immediateness (2) direct contact; directly; (3) immediately; (4) firsthand; at firsthand; (5) personally; in person
* 직접하다 : do it oneself; do it firsthand; do it personally
* 직접한 : 직접하(the stem of 직접하다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense or present perfect, and attributive)
* 직접하신 : 직접하(the stem of 직접하다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense or present perfect, and attributive); an honourific form of 직접한 by ‘-시’
* 만들다 : (1) make (2) cook in the sentence
* 만들었다 : past tense of 만들다 by ‘-었’
* 만들었습니다 : 만들(the stem of 만들다) + -었(a suffix makes a verb past tense or present perfect) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honouriric descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* 이다 : be
* 건가? : 거 + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 것인가? : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 거예요? : 거 + -예요?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; this is used after a noun ends in a vowel)
* 것이에요 : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -에요?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; this is used after a noun ends in a consonant)
* 겁니까? : 거 + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 것입니까? : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -냐? / -어? / -ㄴ가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -어? / -ㄴ가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -예요? / -이에요? / -습니까 : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
4. 아뇨. 언니가 좀 도와줬어요 : No. I had some help from my elder sister
[other expressions]
- 아니. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니다. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니네. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니오. (honourific by ‘-오’)
- 아니요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아니에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 언니가 좀 도와줬다. (to younger people or friends)
- 언니가 좀 도와줬네. (to younger people or friends)
- 언니가 좀 도와줬어. (to younger people or friends)
- 언니가 좀 도와줬네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 언니가 좀 도와줬어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 언니가 좀 도와줬습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 아니다 : [adjective] be not
* 아니 : s short form of 아니다
* 아닙니다 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* an adjective + -다 / -네 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* an adjective + -오 / -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a adjective + -예요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* 언니 : elder sister
* -가 : a suffix makes 언니 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 좀 : a little; a bit
* 돕다 : help
* 도와주다 : help with effort
* 도와주었다 : past tense of 도와주다 by ‘-었-‘
* 도와었습니다 : 도와주(the stem of 도와주다) + -었(a suffix makes a verb past tense or present perfect) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honouriric descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
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