Let’s learn about "축하” from Naver Portal

1. 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

1) 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

2)  …을 축하하여 : in celebration[commemoration] of ‥ / for ‥.

* 을 : a suffix makes a noun or phrase objective

* -여/-아/ -어 : a connection suffix between two verbs, this is attached to a verb like "a noun + -하다". 해 is from -하다 + -어

3) 생일을 축하하여 in celebration of a person's birthday

* 생일 : birthday

* 을 : a suffix makes 생일 objective after a word ends a consonant

* -여/-아/ -어 : a connection suffix between two verbs, this is attached to a verb like "a noun + -하다". 해 is from -하다 + -어

4) 신축을 축하하여 : to celebrate the completion of one's[a person's] new house

* 신축 : the completion of one's[a person's] new house

* 을 : a suffix makes 신축 objective after a word ends a consonant

* -여/-아/ -어 : a connection suffix between two verbs, this is attached to a verb like "a noun + -하다". 해 is from -하다 + -어

5) 결혼을 축하합니다 : I congratulate you on your marriage. / I wish you every happiness.

* 결혼 : marriage

* 을 : a suffix makes 결혼 objective after a word ends a consonant

* a verb + ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix bh ‘-ㅂ’

2. See the original: https://phrase.dict.naver.com/detail.nhn?bigCategoryNo=2&middleCategoryNo=23&smallCategoryNo=156&targetLanguage=en

3. 대화(Dialogue)

<A perosn> 해냈군요. 합격을 축하해요 : You did it. Congratulations on passing.

[other expressions]

- 해냈네! (to the younger or friendly)

- 해냈군! (to the younger or friendly)

- 해냈네요. (to the younger or friendly or a little elder person)

- 해냈군요. (to the younger or friendly or a little elder person)

- 해냈습니다. (formal; to the elderly)

- 합격(을) 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 합격(을) 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 합격(을) 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 합격(을) 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 하다 : do

* 내다 : (1) put out; hand in; send (2) produce; issue

* 해내다 : (1) [=이겨 내다] go at; beat; defeat; vanquish; get[gain] the better of (2) [=치러 내다•성공하다] carry through[out]; succeed ; complete; finish; accomplish; achieve; fulfill <— 하다 + 내다

* 해냈다 : past tense of 해내다

* a verb + -네 / -군 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix has a nuance of exclamation.

* a verb + -네요 / -군요 : a honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’ has a nuance of exclamation.

* 합격 : passing a exam

* 을 : a suffix makes 합격 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

<B person> 감사합니다. 다 염려해 주신 덕분이에요 : Thank you. I appreciate it.

[other expressions]

- 감사하네요. (to the younger or friendly; but might be rude)

- 감사하군요. (to the younger or friendly; but might be rude)

- 감사해요. (to anybody except the very elderly)

- 감사합니다.  (formal; anybody)

- 다 염려해 주신 덕분이네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 다 염려해 주신 덕분이군요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 다 염려해 주신 덕분입니다. (formal; to anybody)

[explanations]

* 감사(하다) : Thank you

* a verb + -네요 / -군요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

* 다 : all

* 염려 : 念慮] anxiety; concern; solicitude; worry; care; fear; uneasiness; apprehension; misgivings; a weight on one's mind

* 염려하다 : feel anxiety; be anxious[apprehensive / concerned / worried]; worry ; concern oneself ; be solicitous ; have[feel] misgivings ; be[feel] uneasy ; care; fear; apprehend 

- 염려해 주셔서 감사합니다 : I appreciate your thoughtfulness

* 염려해 : 염려하다 + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : give

* 염려해 주다 = 염려하여 주다 : be concerned about

* ㄴ of 주신 : a suffix makes a verb present progressive

* 덕분[德分] = 덕택[德澤] : indebtedness; [=은혜] favor; grace; patronage; boon; [=조력] help; aid; assistance; [=후원] support; backing

* 덕분으로 = 덕택으로 : thanks to / thanks to patronage / by favor[help / aid] / through[by] assistance / by kind influence / through efforts / due to / because of / owing to / by[in] virtue of / by grace of

* 이다 : be

* a verb + * a verb + -네요 / -군요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

4. 문장(Sentence)

1) 축하해요 : Congratulations.

[other expressions]

- 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

2) 생일을 축하해요 : Happy birthday to you.

[other expressions]

- 생일을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 생일을 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 생일을 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 생일을 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 생일 : birtday

* 을 : a suffix makes 생일 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

3) 결혼을 축하해요 : Congratulations on your wedding.

[other expressions]

- 결혼을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 결혼을 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 결혼을 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 결혼을 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 결혼 : marriage

* 을 : a suffix makes 결혼 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

4) 성년이 된 것을 축하해요 : Congratulations on your coming of age.

[other expressions]

- 성년이 된 것을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 성년이 된 것을  축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 성년이 된 것을  축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 성년이 된 것을  축하합니다. (formal)

- 어른이 된 것을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 어른이 된 것을  축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 어른이 된 것을  축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 어른이 된 것을  축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 성년 = 어른 : [=성인] a man; a woman; an adult; a grown-up (person); a full-grown man

- 어른과 같은 : like a (grown-up) man / full-fledged

- 어른답지 않은 : [=어린애 같은] childish / puerile / [=어른 값을 못하는] unbecoming for a grown-up person / unworthy of a man (of discretion) / [=옹졸한] mean

- 어른처럼 행동하다 act[behave] like a grown-up

* 이 : a suffix makes 성년 / 어른 subjective after a word ends a consonant

* 되다 : become

* 성년이 되다 = 어른이 되다 : grow up (to be a man[woman]) / become a man[woman] / enter[grow to] adulthood / grow into a man[woman]

* ㄴ of 된 : a suffix makes a verb past tense

* ㄴ of 푸른 : a suffix makes an adjective present tense <— 푸른 : 푸르다 + ㄴ

* 것 : a thing; a stuff; anything; a fact in this sentence

* 을 : a suffix makes 결혼 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

5) 입사를 축하해요 : Congratulations on joining the company.

[other expressions]

- 입사를 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 입사를 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 입사를 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 입사를 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 입사 : joining a company

* 입사하다 : join a company

* 를 : a suffix makes 입사 objective after a word ends a vowel

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

6) 승진을 축하해요 : Congratulations on your promotion.

[other expressions]

- 승진을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 승진을 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 승진을 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 승진을 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 승진 : promotion

* 승진하다 : promote

* 을 : a suffix makes 승진 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

7) 성공을 축하해요 : Congratulations on your success.

[other expressions]

- 성공을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 성공을 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 성공을 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 성공을 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 성공 : success

* 성공하다 : succeed

* 을 : a suffix makes 성공 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

8) 졸업을 축하해요 : Congratulations on your graduation.

[other expressions]

- 졸업을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 졸업을 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 졸업을 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 졸업을 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 졸업 : graduation

* 졸업하다 : graduate

* 을 : a suffix makes 졸업 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

9) 퇴원을 축하해요 : Congratulations on leaving the hospital.

[other expressions]

- 퇴원을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 퇴원을 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 퇴원을 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 퇴원을 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 퇴원 : leaving the hospital.

* 퇴원하다 : leave the hospital.

* 을 : a suffix makes 퇴원 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

10) 출산을 축하해요 : Congratulations on your new baby.

[other expressions]

- 출산을 축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 출산을 축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 출산을 축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 출산을 축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 출산[出産] : child birth; delivery; parturition

* 출산하다 : give birth to ; be delivered of 

- 출산은 3월 10일로 예정되어 있습니다 : The baby is due[expected] on March 10

- 그의 아내는 다음주 출산 예정이다 : His wife is expecting her baby next week

- 그녀는 여자 아기를 출산했다 : She gave birth to[was delivered of] a baby girl

- 출산율 : a birthrate

- 출산 휴가 : (a) maternity leave. 

* 을 : a suffix makes 출산 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

11) 조금 이르지만 (미리) 축하해요 : Congratulations in advance.

[other expressions]

- 조금 이르지만 (미리)  축하하네. (to the younger or friendly)

- 조금 이르지만 (미리)  축하하네요. (to the younger or friendly)

- 조금 이르지만 (미리)  축하해요. (to other person except the very elderly)

- 조금 이르지만 (미리)  축하합니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 조금 : a little

* 이른 : early; youthful

* 이르다 : be early; be youthful

* -지만 of 이르지만 : even though

* 미리 : in advance

* 축하[祝賀] : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings

* 축하하다 : congratulate ; celebrate ; commemorate ; greet

* 축하해요 : 축하하다 + -어요

* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’