1. 나이가 어떻게 되세요? : How old are you? / Can you tell me your age? / May I ask how old you are? / If you don’t mind, can you tell me how old you are? / Mind telling me your age?
* If you don’t mind : 괜찮다면(non-honourific) / 괜찮으시다면 (honourific)
[other expressions]
1) to younger people or friends
- 몇 살이니?
- 몇 살이냐?
- 몇 살이야?
- 몇 살인가?
- 몇 살이지?
- 몇 살인가요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 몇 살이에요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 몇 살이지요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 몇 살이죠? (-이죠? is s short form of -이지요?)
- 몇 살입니까? (formal; polite by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 나이가 몇이니?
- 나이가 몇이냐?
- 나이가 몇이야?
- 나이가 몇인가?
- 나이가 몇이지?
- 나이가 몇이에요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 나이가 몇인가요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 나이가 몇이지요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 나이가 몇이죠? (-이죠? is s short form of -이지요?)
- 나이가 몇입니까? (formal; polite by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 나이가 몇 살이니?
- 나이가 몇 살이냐?
- 나이가 몇 살이야?
- 나이가 몇 살인가?
- 나이가 몇 살이지?
- 나이가 몇 살이에요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 나이가 몇 살인가요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 나이가 몇 살이지요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 나이가 몇 살이죠? (-이죠? is s short form of -이지요?)
- 나이가 몇 살입니까? (formal; polite by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 나이를 물어 봐도 되니?
- 나이를 물어 봐도 되냐?
- 나이를 물어 봐도 되지?
- 나이를 물어 봐도 돼?
- 나이를 물어 봐도 돼요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 나이를 물어 봐도 되지요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 나이를 물어 봐도 되죠? (-이죠? is s short form of -이지요?)
- 나이를 물어 봐도 됩니까? (formal; polite by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 나이를 물어 봐도 되겠습니까? (polite by ‘-스’)
- 무슨 띠니?
- 무슨 띠냐?
- 무슨 띠야?
- 무슨 띠지?
- 무슨 띠인가?
- 무슨 띤가? (a short form of 띠인가?)
- 무슨 띠예요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 띠인가요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 띤가요? (polite by ‘-요’; a short form of 띠인가요?)
- 무슨 띠지요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 띠죠? (-죠? is s short form of -지요?)
- 무슨 띠입니까? (formal; polite by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 무슨 띱니까? (a short form of 띠입니까?)
- 뭔 띠니?
- 뭔 띠냐?
- 뭔 띠야?
- 뭔 띠지?
- 뭔 띠인가?
- 뭔 띤가? (a short form of 띠인가?)
- 뭔 띠예요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 뭔 띠인가요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 뭔 띤가요? (polite by ‘-요’; a short form of 띠인가요?)
- 뭔 띠지요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 뭔 띠죠? (-죠? is s short form of -지요?)
- 뭔 띠입니까? (formal; polite by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 뭔 띱니까? (a short form of 띠입니까?)
- 띠가 무엇이니?
- 띠가 무엇이냐?
- 띠가 무엇이야?
- 띠가 무엇이지?
- 띠가 무엇인가?
- 띠가 무언가? (a short form of 무엇인가?)
- 띠가 무엇이에요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 무엇인가요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 무언가요? (polite by ‘-요’; a short form of 무엇인가요?)
- 띠가 무엇이지요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 무엇이죠? (-이죠? is s short form of -이지요?)
- 띠가 무엇입니까? (formal; polite by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 띠가 뭐니?
- 띠가 뭐냐?
- 띠가 뭐야?
- 따가 뭐지?
- 띠가 뭐인가?
- 띠가 뭔가? (a short form of 뭐인가?)
- 띠가 뭐예요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 뭐인가요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 뭔가요? (polite by ‘-요’; a short form of 뭐인가요?)
- 띠가 뭐지요? (polite by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 뭐죠? (-죠? is s short form of -지요?)
- 띠가 뭐입니까? (polite by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 띠가 뭡니까? (polite by ‘-ㅂ’; a short form of 뭐입니까?)
2) to a little old people than you or unfamilar people
- 나이를 여쭤도 될까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 나이를 여쭤도 됩니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 나이를 여쭤도 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 나이를 여쭤 봐도 될까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 나이를 여쭤 봐도 됩니까?? (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 나이를 여쭤 봐도 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 무슨 띠예요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 띠지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 무슨 띠죠? (-죠? is a short form of -지요?)
- 무슨 띠입니까? (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 무슨 띱니까? (a short form of 띠입니까?)
- 무슨 띠세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 무슨 띠셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 뭔 띠예요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭔 띠지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭔 띠죠? (-죠? is a short form of -지요?)
- 뭔 띠입니까? (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 뭔 띱니까? (a short form of 띠입니까?)
- 뭔 띠세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 뭔 띠셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 띠가 무엇이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 무엇이지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 무엇이죠? (-이죠? is a short form of -이지요?)
- 띠가 무엇입니까? (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 띠가 뭣이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 뭣이지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 띠가 뭣이죠? (-이죠? is a short form of -이지요?)
- 띠가 뭣입니까? (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 띠가 뭡니까? (a short form of 뭣입니까?)
- 띠가 어떻게 되세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 띠가 어떻게 되셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 띠가 어떻게 되십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
* The followings are rude expressions and as if the speaker is picking a fight.
- 무슨 띠시오.
- 뭔 띠시오.
- 띠가 무엇이오.
- 띠가 뭐요.
- 띠가 어떻게 되시오.
3) to very old people than you
- 연세를 여쭤도 될까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 연세를 여쭤도 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘연세’ / ‘여쭈다’ / ‘-시’)
- 연세를 여쭤 봐도 될까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 연세를 여쭤 봐도 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘연세’ / ‘여쭈다’ / ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 나이 : age (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)
* 연세 : age (non-honourific word to the elderly)
* -가 : a particle makes 나이 / 연세 / 띠 the topic of the sentence after a worr ends in a vowel
* 띠 : (1) [=허리띠] a belt; a sash; a girdle; a (waist) band; belting (2) a band; a tape (3) a baby-carrying band (4) one’s age is said by the zodiacal sign one was born under; The year of birth is the year when the animal name of the twelfth is referred to. [Born in the year of the rat, cow, tiger, rabbit, dragon, etc.]
* 몇 : how much; how many
* 살 : a unit counts age
* 이다 : be
* -를 : a particle makes 나이 / 연세 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 묻다 : [irregular verb] ask (non-honourific word)
* 물어 : 묻(the stem of 묻다; ㄷ changed into ㄹ before 어) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) try in the sentence
* -어 보다 : try to do
* 물어 보다 : try to ask (non-honourific word)
* 여쭈다 : ask (honourific word)
* 여쭈어 : 여쭈(the stem of 여쭈다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 여쭤 : a short form of 여쭈어
* 여쭈어 보다 / 여쭤 보다 : try to ask (honourific word)
* 봐도 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아도/어도(a suffix acknowledges the fact but has nothing to do with the following words)
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do in the sentence
* 돼? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 돼요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 될까요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 됩니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 되겠습니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(the listener’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-스’)
* 되세요? : 되(the stem of 되다; this contracted with the 이 of 띠) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되셔요? : 되(the stem of 되다; this contracted with the 이 of 띠) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되십니까? : 되(the stem of 되다; this contracted with the 이 of 띠) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 띠세요? : 띠 + -이(the stem of 이다; this contracted with the 이 of 띠) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 띠셔요? : 띠 + -이(the stem of 이다; this contracted with the 이 of 띠) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 무슨 : what; which
* 뭐 / 뭔 : a short form of 무슨
* 띠니? <— 띠이니?
* 띠냐? <— 띠이냐?
* 띠야? <— 띠이야?
* 띠지? <— 띠이지?
* 띤가? <— 따인가?
* 띤가요? <— 띠인가요?
* 따지요? <— 띠이지요?
* 띠죠? <— 띠지요?
* 띠예요? <— 띠이에요?
* 띱니까? <— 띠입니까?
* 무언가? <— 무엇인가?
* 무언가요? <— 무엇인가요?
* 뭐니? <— 무엇이니?
* 뭐냐? <— 무엇이니?
* 뭐야? <— 무엇이야?
* 뭐지? <— 무엇이지?
* 뭐인가? <— 무엇인가?
* 뭔가? <— 뭐인가?
* 뭐예요? <— 무엇이에요?
* 뭐인가요? <— 무엇인가요?
* 뭔가요? <— 뭐인가요?
* 뭐지요? <— 무엇이지요?
* 뭐죠? <— 뭐지요?
* 뭐입니까? <— 무엇입니까?
* 뭡니까? <— 뭐입니까?
* 뭣이에요? <— 무엇이에요?
* 뭣입니까? <— 무엇입니까?
* 뭡니까? <— 뭐입니까?
* a noun + -이니? / -이냐? / -이야? / -ㄴ가? / -인가? / -이지? : a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다
* a noun + -ㄴ가? / -인가? / -이지? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -이에요? / -예요? / -입니까? : an honourific interrogative form of 이다
* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -어? / -지? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄹ까? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어? / -지? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄹ까? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -겠습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
2. 안 되겠는데요. 당신 이모뻘 된다는 것만 아세요 : No, you may not. Let’s just say I’m old enough to be your aunt :
[other expressions]
- 아니. (to younger people or friends)
- 안 돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 안 되겠는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 아니요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 안 돼요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 안 되겠는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 안 됩니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 당신 이모뻘 된다는 것만 알아. (to younger people or friends)
- 이모뻘 된다는 것만 알아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이모뻘 된다는 것만 아세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이모뻘 된다는 것만 아셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이모뻘 된다는 것만 아십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
[explanations]
* 아니다 : be not
* 아니 : a non-honourific form of 아니다
* 안 : this is equal to "not" in english
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do
* 돼 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb endig suffix)
* 되겠는데 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(the speaker’s will) + -는데(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix has a nuance of hesitating to say)
* 돼요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a descriptive verb endig suffix) + -요(honourific verb endig suffix)
* 되겠는데요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(the speaker’s will) + -는데(a descriptive verb ending suffix has a nuance of hesitating to say) + -요(honourific verb endig suffix)
* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb endig suffix)
* 당신 : you (a non-honourific word to the younger people or friends; this should not be used to people who is older than you)
* -에게 : to (a non-honourific word to the younger people or friends
* -께 : to (a non-honourific word to the elderly)
* 이모 : one's mother's sister; a maternal aunt
* 이모부 : the husband of one's mother's sister
* 고모 : an aunt; a sister of one's father; a paternal aunt
* 고모부 : the husband of a sister of one's father
* 뻘 : mud
* -뻘 : a suffix means "relationship by descent"
- 고모뻘 / 이모뻘 / 누나뻘 / 고모부뻘 / 이모부뻘 / 형뻘 / 아버지뻘 / 어머니뻘 / 할아버지뻘 / 할머니뻘
* -이 : a particle makse 이모뻘 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* 되다 : become; be
* 된다 : a present tense of 되다 by ‘-ㄴ’
* -는 : a particle makes a sentence a modifier or adnominal before a noun like "것 / 거"
* 거 / 것 : (1) a thing (2) a fact in the sentence
* -만 : only
* -을 : a particle makes 것 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted
* 알다 : [irregular verb] know
* 안다 : a present tense of 알다
* 알아 : 알(the stem of 알다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "should do")
* 알아요 : 알(the stem of 알다) + -아(a propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "should do") + -요(honourific verb endig suffix)
* 아세요 : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "should do") + -요(honourific verb endig suffix)
* 아셔요 : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "should do") + -요(honourific verb endig suffix)
* 아십시오 : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "should do")
* a verb + -아 : a non-honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "should do"
* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb endig suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 : an honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "should do"
3. 저보다 한 살 많은 줄 알았어요 : I thought you were a year older
[other expressions]
- 나보다 한 살 많은 줄 알았다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나보다 한 살 많은 줄 알았네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나보다 한 살 많은 줄 알았어. (to younger people or friends)
- 저보다 한 살 많은 줄 알았네요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저보다 한 살 많은 줄 알았어요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저보다 한 살 많은 줄 알았습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -보다 : more than; this is used instead of 는(a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 한 : one
* 살 : a unit counts ages
* 많은 : a lot of; many; much
* 많다 : a verb form of 많은
* 적은 : less
* 적다 : a verb form of 적은
* 작은 : small
* 작다 : a verb form of 작다
* 큰 : large; tall
* 크다 : a verb form of 큰
* 한 살 많다 : be a year older than someone
* 한 살 적다 : be a year younger than someone
* 줄 : [의존명사(dependent noun)] this means "the how; the way how to; the assumed fact; likelihood" after a verb ends in "ㄴ” or "ㄹ"
* 알다 : know
* 알았다 : past tense of 알다 by ‘-았-‘
* -ㄴ 줄 알다 : I think that ~
* -ㄴ 줄 알았다 : I thought that ~
* 알았습니다 : 알았(the stem of 알았다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
4. 저보다 한 살 어리네요 :You are a year younger than I am / We’re only a year apart / You have a year on me / I have a year on you
[other expressions]
- 나보다 한 살 어리다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나보다 한 살 어리네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나보다 한 살 어려. (to younger people or friends)
- 저보다 한 살 어리네요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저보다 한 살 어려요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저보다 한 살 어립니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -보다 : more than; this is used instead of 는(a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 한 : one
* 살 : a unit counts ages
* 어린 : younger
* 어리다 : a verb form of 어린
* 한 살 어리다 : be a year younger than someone
* 어려 : 어리(the stem of 어리다) + -여(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 어립니다 : 어리(the stem of 어리다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -여 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
5. 저보다 한 살 많네요 :You are a year older than I am / We’re only a year apart / You have a year on me / I have a year on you
[other expressions]
- 나보다 한 살 많다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나보다 한 살 많네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나보다 한 살 많아. (to younger people or friends)
- 저보다 한 살 많네요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저보다 한 살 많아요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저보다 한 살 많습니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -보다 : more than; this is used instead of 는(a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 한 : one
* 살 : a unit counts ages
* 많은 : (1) many; much (2) older
* 많다 : a verb form of 많은
* 한 살 많다 : be a year older than someone
* 많습니다 : 많(the stem of 많다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
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