1. 이제 몇 살이 되는 거지? : How old are you now?
[other expressions]
1) to younger people or friends(어린이나 친구들에게)
- 이제 몇 살이 되니?
- 이제 몇 살이 되냐?
- 이제 몇 살이 돼?
- 이제 몇 살이 되는가?
- 이제 몇 살이 돼요?
- 이제 몇 살이 되는가요?
- 이제 몇 살이 됩니까?
2) to a little older than you or unfamilar people(나보다 나이가 조금 많거나 처음보는 분에게)
- 이제 몇 살이 돼요?
- 이제 몇 살이 되는가요?
- 이제 몇 살이 됩니까?
3) to the very elderly(노인분들께)
- 이제 연세가 어떻게 되시지요?
- 이제 연세가 어떻게 되시죠? (-죠? is a short form of -지요?)
- 이제 연세가 어떻게 되세요?
- 이제 연세가 어떻게 되십니까?
[explanations]
* 이제 : [=지금] now
* 몇 : how much; how many
* 살 : a unit counts ages
* -이 : a particle makes 몇 살 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* 나이 : age (non-honourific word)
* 연세 : age (honourific word) <— 연/년(years) + -세(a unit counts ages)
* -가 : a particle makes 나이 / 연세 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* 어떻게 : (1) [=어찌] how; what (2) [=어떻게든] somehow (or other), one way or another, one way or the other
- 거래 조건이 어떻게 됩니까? : What are the terms of the deal?
- 그 문제는 어떻게든 내가 해결할 것이다 : I'll take care of it[the matter] myself somehow.
* 되다 : become
* 된다 : present tense of 되다 by ‘-ㄴ’
* 돼? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 됩니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 되셔요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되세요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 되십니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘십’ / ‘-요’
2. 4일만 있으면 열일곱 살이 돼요 : I’ll turn 17 in 4 days.
[other expressions]
- 4일만 있으면 열입곱 살이 된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 4일만 있으면 열입곱 살이 되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 4일만 있으면 열입곱 살이 돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 4일만 있으면 열입곱 살이 되네요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 4일만 있으면 열입곱 살이 돼요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 4일만 있으면 열입곱 살이 됩니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 나는 / 저는 : these are omitted
* 4일 : [Pronunciation: 사일] four days
* -만 : only
* 있다 : (1) be; exist; have (2) elapse in the sentence
* 있으면 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으면(if)
* 있으면 : this can be replaced by 지나면
* 지나다 : (1) [=통과하다] pass by; go past; pass through (2) [=경과하다] pass; elapse; go on; go by
(3) [=초과하다•끝나다] expire; terminate; be out; exceed; go beyond; go far
* -에 : a time particle means "at/in/on"
* 열입곱 살 : 17 years old <— 열(10) + 일곱(7) + 살(a unit counts ages)
* -이 : a particle makes 열입곱 살 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this can be omitted
* 되다 : become
* 된다 : present tense of 되다 by ‘었’
* 돼다 : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 and 어 contracted into 돼”) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix) + -다(a basic verb ending suffix)
* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
3. 거의 서른입니다 : I’m almost 30 / I’m nearly 30 / I’ll be in my 30s soon / I’ll turn 30 soon / I’ll be 30 in a few days / I’ll be 30 in a few months
[other expressions]
- 거의 서른이다. (to younger people or friends)
- 거의 서른이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 거의 서른이야. (to younger people or friends)
- 거의 서른이네요. ( honourific by ‘-요’)
- 거의 서른이에요. ( honourific by ‘-요’)
- 거의 서른입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 거의 : almost; nearly
* 서른 : 30s
* 이다 : be
* a noun + -이다 / 이네 / 이야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -이네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -이에요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
4. 마흔이 넘었어요 : I’m over 40 / I’m in my 40s / I’m fourty something
[other expressions]
- 마흔 넘었다. (to younger people or friends)
- 마흔 넘었네. (to younger people or friends)
- 마흔 넘었어. (to younger people or friends)
- 마흔 넘었네요. ( honourific by ‘-요’)
- 마흔 넘었어요. ( honourific by ‘-요’)
- 마흔 넘었습니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 마흔 : 40s
* -이 : a particle makes 마흔 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* 넘다 : be over; go over
* 넘었다 : past tense of 넘다 by ‘-었-‘
* 넘었습니다 : 넘었(the stem of 넘었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -네 / -어+ -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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