식사하러 나가셨어요 :He stepped out for lunch; He’s out for lunch; He went out to have his lunch; He is on his lunch break
* 점심시간 : lunch break
ex)
A. 존슨 씨와 통화하려면 어디로 걸어야 하죠? : Where can I reach Mr. Johnson?
B. 지금은 점심 식사 하러 나가셨습니다. 한 시간 후에 다시 하시겠습니까? : Right now, he’s out for lunch. Why don’t you try again an hour later?
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 식사하러 나가셨다. (to younger people or friends)
- 식사하러 나가셨네. (to younger people or friends)
- 식사하러 나가셨어. (to younger people or friends)
- 식사하러 나가셨는데 (to younger people or friends)
- 식사하러 나갔다. (to younger people or friends)
- 식사하러 나갔네. (to younger people or friends)
- 식사하러 나갔어. (to younger people or friends)
- 식사하러 나갔는데. (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 식사하러 나가셨네요. (honourific by '요')
- 식사하러 나가셨는데요. (honourific by '요')
- 식사하러 나가셨어요 (honourific by '요')
- 식사하러 나갔네요. (honourific by '요')
- 식사하러 나갔는데요. (honourific by '요')
- 식사하러 나갔어요. (honourific by '요')
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 식사하러 나가셨습니다. (honourific by '-시')
- 식사하러 나갔습니다. (honourific by '-시')
[explanations]
* 밥 : meal
* 식사 : (1) [=인사말] address, (formal) oration (2) meal
* 진지 : (1) [군사시설] stronghold; (military) camp; encampment (2) [=밥의 높임말] an honourific word of 밥 / 식사 to the elderly or senior
* -는 : a postpositional particle used to indicate that a certain subject is the topic of a sentence and also this used to indicate an emphasis; this is used instead of '-를/을(a particle makes a noun objective)
* 밥을 먹다 = 식사하다 = 식사를 하다: have a meal; eat
* 먹다 : [Pronunciation: 먹따] eat (non-honourigic word)
* 들다 : eat (non-honourific word)
* 드시다 : an honourific form of 들다 by '시'
* 진지(를) 드시다 : an honourific phrase of 밥 먹다 / 식사하다 to the elderly or senior
* 먹었다 : [Pronunciation: 머걷따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense of 먹다 by '-었-'
* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 드셨다 : past tense of 드시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contacted into 셨; 었 changed into 였 after 시 for easy pronunciation
* 하셨다 : an honourific form of 했다 by '시-'; 시 + -였 contacted into 셨; 었 changed into 였 after 시 for easy pronunciation
* 식사하러 : 식사하(the stem of 식사하다) + -러(in order to do; A connective ending used to express the purpose of an action such as going and coming: 가거나 오거나 하는 동작의 목적을 나타내는 연결 어미)
* 나가다 : go out; step out
* 나가시다 : an honourific word of 나가다 by '-시-'
* 나갔다 : [Pronunciation: 나갇따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense or present perfect form of 나가다 by '-았-'; 가 + -았 contracted into 갔
* 나가셨다 : [Pronunciation: 나갇셛따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense or present perfect form of 나가시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨; 었 changed into 였 after 시 for easy pronunciation
* 나가셨는데요 : 나가셨(the stem of 나가셨다) + -는데(a declarative verb ending suffix; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 나가셨어요 : 나가셨(the stem of 나가셨다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 나가셨습니다 : 나가셨(the stem of 나가셨다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 슺) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 나갔는데요 : 나갔(the stem of 나갔다) + -는데(a declarative verb ending suffix; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a consonant) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 나갔어요 : 나갔(the stem of 나갔다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 나갔습니다 : 나갔(the stem of 나갔다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 슺) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -여 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -여 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +-십니다 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '시' / '스' / '-ㅂ'
* 점심 : lunch
* 시간 : [時間] (1) [시간을 세는 단위] an hour (2) [=때] time (3) [=시각] time
* 점심시간 : lunch break
* 존슨 : Johnson
* 씨 : (남자에게 붙여서) Mr. ; (여자에게 붙여서) Mrs. ; Miss; Ms
* -와 / -과 : (1) and (2) with
* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call
* -를 : a particle makes 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone
* 통화하시다 : an honourific form of 통화하다 by '-시-'
* 통화하려면 : 통화하(the stem of 통화하다) + -려면(A connective ending used to assume that one has a purpose or intention of doing a certain act: 어떤 행동을 할 의도나 의향이 있는 경우를 가정할 때 쓰는 연결 어미)
* 어디 : where
* -으로/-로 : A postpositional particle that indicates the direction of movement(움직임의 방향을 나타내는 조사)
* 걸다 : [=통화하다] telephone; phone; make a telephone call ; call up
- 친구에게 전화를 걸다 : call a friend (on the telephone) / phone[telephone] a friend / ring a friend up
- 그에게 전화를 걸었다 : I called him. / I rang him up
- 내일 아침에 전화걸겠다 : I'll call you[give you a call] tomorrow morning
* 걸어야 : 걸(the stem of 걸다) + -어야(have to)
* 하다 : do
* -어야 하다 / -아야 하다 / -여야 하다 / -어야 되다 / -아야 되다 / -여야 되다 : have to do; An expression used to indicate that one needs or is obligated to do a certain thing(반드시 그럴 필요나 의무가 있음을 나타내는 표현)
* 하죠? : a short form of 하지요?
* 하지요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 지금 : right now
* -은 : a suffix emphasizes 지금
* 한 : one
* 시간 : [時間] (1) [시간을 세는 단위] an hour (2) [=때] time (3) [=시각] time
* 전 : [前] before
* 후 : [後] after
* -에 : a time suffix
* 다시 : again
* 하시겠어요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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