휴가 중입니다 : He’s on vacation/holiday; He’s off today; He’s on leave
ex)
A. 열흘 동안 휴가 중입니다. 다른 분 바꿔 드릴까요? : He’s on holiday for 10 days. Can someone else help you?
B. 괜찮습니다. 나중에 다시 할게요 :That’s all right. I’ll call him back later
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 휴가 중이다. (to younger people or friends)
- 휴가 중이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 휴가 중이야. (to younger people or friends)
- 휴가 중인데 (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 휴가 중이네요. (honourific by '요')
- 휴가 중인데요. (honourific by '요')
- 휴가 중이에요 (honourific by '요')
- 휴가 중입니다. (honourific by '요')
* [Memo]
We don't use extreme honorifics(극존칭) for older people or people we don't know. Because you have to speak less than the other person(나이가 많거나 잘 모르는 사람에게는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 왜냐하면 자기 자신을 상대방보다 낮춰서 말을 해야 하기 때문에)
[explanations]
* 열흘 : [=십일/10일] ten days
* 동안 : <명사(noun)> (a space of) time; a period; a span; a while; [=간격] an interval; a space; <부사적(adverbial)> in; for ; during ; between; [=사이] in the course of ; as[so] long as
* 휴가 : [休暇] a holiday; a vacation; time off; [=말미] a leave of absence; (a) furlough
- 여름 휴가 : the summer vacation[holidays]
- 겨울 휴가 : the winter vacation[holidays]
- 생리 휴가 : a special holiday for woman workers
- 유급 휴가 : a paid holiday
- 크리스마스 휴가 : the Christmas holidays
- 특별 휴가 : a special leave
- 짧은 휴가 : a short leave
- 휴가 중(에) : during the vacation
- 휴가 때에 : in vacation time
- 휴가의 기한을 넘기다 outstay one's leave (of absence)
- 휴가로 여행 중이다 be away on vacation / be vacationing
* 중 : [中] [=진행중] under; in process[course] of
- 건축 중인 다리 : a bridge under construction
- 집필 중인 책 : a book one has on hand[is engaged on]
- 토의 중인 문제 : the question under discussion
- 식사 중이다 : be at table
- 지금 시험 중이다 : The examinations are going on now
- 아버지는 지금 여행 중이시다 : My father is (away) on a trip
- 모든 사람은 지금 식사 중이다 : Everyone is eating now
- 그녀는 근무 중이다 : She is on duty
* 이다 : be
* 중이에요 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -에(a declarative verb ending suffix; -어 changed inot 에 for easy pronunciation) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 중입니다 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a noun + -(이)다 / -(이)네 / -(이)야 / -인데 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -(이)네 / -인데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -이에요 / -예요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ'
* -이에요 : this is used after a word ends in a consonant
ex) 생각뿐이에요 : I think of you only
* -예요 : : this is used after a word ends in a vowel
ex) 바다예요 : this is the sea
* 다르다 : be different
* 다른 : different; 다르(the stem of 다르다; 르 + -ㄴ contracted into 른) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adjective)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)
* -을 : a particle makes 어느 분 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable
* 바꾸다 : (1) change (2) [=전화를 연결시켜 주다] put someone on the line
* 바꿔 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 주다 : do an effort
* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다
* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)
* 바꿔 주다 = 바꿔 드리다 : do an effort to change
* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 괜찮다 : [Pronunciation: 괜찬타] (1) [=쓸 만하다] nice; good; not so bad; passable; fair; fine (2) [=무방하다] (사람이) may; can; be allowed to ; be justified in ; (사물이) justifiable; warrantable; all right; O.K.; will do (3) [=안심이다] safe; secure; free from danger; all right; O.K.
* 괜찮아요 : [Pronunciation: 괜찬아요] 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 괜찮습니다 : [Pronunciation: 괜찬습니다] 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* 나중 : later
* -에 : a time suffix
* 다시 = 또 : again
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call; a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 하다 : do
* 전화하다 = 전화(를) 하다 = 전화(를) 주다 = 전화를 드리다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone
* 할게요 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 하겠습니다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
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