1. 자모(consonant and vowel)
* ㄴ (nieun:니은) is the second of the Korean alphabet(한글 알파벳). The Unicode for ㄴ is U+3134.
2. 조사(suffix; postposition, postpositional particle)
* ㄴ is a short form(준말) of 는(a suffix makes a noun subjective)
[예(ex)]
- 누나는 어디 갔니? —> 누난 어디 갔니? (Where's your older sister?)
- 나는 갈테야. —> 난 갈테야. (I'm going)
* 누나 : elder sister
* 는 : a suffix makes 누나 subjective
* 어디 : where
* 가다 : go
* -니 : a question verb ending suffix
* 나 : I (non-polite to the younger or friendly)
* 는 a suffix makes 나 subjective
* -테야 : be -ing; will
3. 어말 어미(ending suffix; ending postposition)
: This is attached to a verb ends as vowel or attached to "-시-" shows politeness to the other.
1) It indicates past tense of a verb after the root stem of a verb.
[예(ex)]
- 떠난 사람 : a person who has left / a person who had left
* 떠나다 : leave
* 떠난 : past tense of 떠나다
* 사람 : human being
2) It indicates present tense of an adjective after the root stem of an adjective
* this is a short form of -는/-은
[예(ex)]
- 눈부신 활약 : brilliant performance / remarkable activities
* 눈부시다 : (1) be remarkable, be wonderful, be extraordinary, be brilliant (2) be dazzling, be glaring, be blinding (3) be dazzling
* 눈부신 : an adjective form of 눈부시다
* 활약[活躍] : activities; performance
▣속담/관용구(Proverb/Idioms)▣
-ㄴ 바에 : It means ‘이왕 그리된 김에(since it has already been)’ or ‘이왕 하는 중이니(since we've been doing it)’
* 이왕[已往] : already
* 그리 / 그처럼 : like that
* 그리 : (1) [=그다지] so; very; that (2) [=그쪽으로] there
* 되다 : be; become; change into
* 김 : [=기회] chance; opportunity; occasion
* 그리된 김에 / 그리된 기회에 : such an opportunity
* ~하는 중 : be -ing
* 이니 : since; because
[예(ex)]
- 말을 꺼낸 바에 다 털어놔라 : Tell me what you're talking about.
- 어차피 온 바에 놀다가 천천히 가자 : Let's play at the bar anyway and take our time.
* 말 : word
* 꺼내다 : take out (from)
* 말을 꺼내다 : start to talk / start to say
* 다 : all
* 털어놓다 : (1) empty (out); shake out; spill; throw out (2) open one's heart; unbosom oneself; tell frankly
* -라 : an imperative verb ending sufffix
* 어차피[於此彼] : anyhow; anyway; in any [either] case; at any rate; after all
* 오다 : come
* 놀다 : play
* 천천히 : slowly; without haste; leisurely; gradually
* 가다 : go
* -자 : a persuasive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~"
3) It is a short form of ´-너라’, which is an imperative verb ending suffix after the root stem of ‘오다’(come here). but it has a friendly attitude to a other more than ‘-너라’.
[예(ex)]
- 아가야, 이리 온 : my little baby, come here!
3. 선어말 어미(a suffix before a verb ending suffix)
It is a short form of ‘-는-‘ and can be only used in a descriptive sentences. It indicates current tense of a verb and can be attached to the root stem of a verb ends as vowel or as ´-ㄹ’ or ´-시-‘ shows politeness to the other.
[예(ex)]
- 비가 온다 : It is rainning now
- 영화를 본다 : I am watching a cinema.
* 비 : rain
* 가 : a suffix makes 비 the topic of the sentence.
* 오다 : come; fall
* 영화 : cinema; movie
* 를 : a suffix makes 영화 objective
* 보다 : see; look; watch
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