2022-09-30

Let's learn about "친구 구분"

1. Normal words (일반어)

(1) 친구 (friend)

남자 친구 : boyfriend
여자 친구 : girlfriend

(2) 사친 (personal friend)

남사친 : male friend
여사친 : female friend

(3) 우정 (friendship)

죽마고우 : childhood friend; old friend; bosom buddy[pal]

2. Slang words (속어)

1) 남한(South Korea)

(1) 불알친구 / 부랄친구 / 알친구 : childhood friend between male and male

* 불알 / 부랄 / 알 : the testicles of a man

(2) 공알친구 : childhood friend; bosom buddy[pal]; bosom friend between female and female (가슴친구)

* 공알 : the clitoris of a woman; feminine genitals <-- 공(空: 없다=be without) + 알(ball; testicles)

* 가슴 : bosom

2) 북한(North Korea)

(1) 빤스친구 : childhood friend between male and male

* 빤스 : [=팬티] underpants

(2) 송아지적 친구 : childhood friend; bosom buddy[pal]; bosom friend between female/male and female/male

* 송아지 : calf; young cow; calves
* 송아지적 : 송아지 + -적(when); calfish; when childhood

Let's learn about "가성비"

가성비 : cost-effectiveness

ex)

A) 이 제품 가성비가 무지 좋아. 싸면서도 기능도 많고 품질도 좋고 게다가 고장도 잘 안 나 ; This product is very cost-effective. It's cheap, it has many functions, it's high quality, and it doesn't break down easily

* 제품 : product
* 싸다 : be inexpensive
* 싼 : inexpensive
* 기능 : function
* 무지 : [=엄청] too much
* 많은 : many; much; a lot
* 많다 : be a lot
* 품질 : quality
* 좋은 : good
* 좋다 : be good
* 좋고 : 좋다 + -고(and)
* 게다가 : moreover; in addition
* 고장 : breakdown; trouble; failure
* 안  : a word makes a verb negative; not
* 나다 : (1) sprout; grow (2) happen; break out (3) occur

B) 정말! 그럼. 나도 하나 사야겠네 : Really! Of course. I should buy one, too

* 정말 : [=정말로] really
* 그럼 : then; of course
* 나도 : 나(I) + -도(too)
* 하나 : one (piece / product / item ...)
* 사다 : buy
* 사야겠다 : 사다 + -야겠다(should; have to)

Let's learn aboug "체력이 안 좋아"

체력이 안 좋아 = 체력이 좋지 않아 : I’m out of shape

[other expressions]
- 체력이 안 좋다. (to younger people or friends)
- 체력이 안 좋네. (to younger people or friends)
- 체력이 안 좋아. (to younger people or friends)
- 체력이 안 좋네요. (honourific by '요')
- 체력이 안 좋아요. (honourific by '요')
- 체력이 안 좋습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 체력이 좋지 않다. (to younger people or friends)
- 체력이 좋지 않네. (to younger people or friends)
- 체력이 좋지 않아. (to younger people or friends)
- 체력이 좋지 않네요. (honourific by '요')
- 체력이 좋지 않아요. (honourific by '요')
- 체력이 좋지 않습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 체력 : [體力] physical strength; stamina; the strength of one's body
- 체력의 양성 : physical training / development of physical strength
- 체력을 기르다 : build up one's physical strength / strengthen one's body
- 체력이 있다[없다] : have[lack] physical strength
- 체력이 쇠약해졌다 : I don't have as much stamina as I used to

* -이 : a particle make 체력 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 안 : this equal to "not" in English

* 좋은 : good
* 좋다 : be good

* 좋지 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타] be not

* 좋습니다 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 않습니다 : 않(the stem of 않다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스/' / '-ㅂ'

2022-09-29

Let's learn about "그림의 떡"

그림의 떡 : Pie in the sky

ex)

A) 저 여자 정말 이쁘고 맘에 들지 않니? : How pretty she is! Don't you like her?

* 맘에 들다 : (1) like (2) be satisfied

B) 이쁘면 뭐 하냐. 학벌 좋고 이쁘기까지하니 우리한텐 그림의 떡이지... : She's really pretty.she has a good academic background and is pretty, so she is a pie in the sky for us

* -면 뭐 하냐? : Even though ~, there is nothing I can do

* ...고 ~ 까지하니 : ..., moreover ~ ; ..., and ~ too

Let's learn about "아프다•쑤신다•결리다"

"아프다•쑤신다•결리다"라는 느낌이 있으시면 저희 병원으로 오세요(If you have a feeling of "pain, ache, stitch in your body," come to our hospital). - from the ad. of some hospital

1. 아프다

* 아프다 : (1) (육체적으로) painful; sore(염증 등으로); hurt; [=욱신거리다] prickle; feel prickly; smart; ache (2) (정신적으로) be grieved; ache; have a pang; (be) painful; trying; be hard to bear
- 나는 머리가 아프다 : My head hurts
- 그녀는 그 이야기를 듣고 가슴이 아팠다 She was grieved to hear the story 

* 아팠다 : past tense of 아프다 by '-았-'

* 아픈 : painful; sore
- 그것은 골치 아픈 문제다 : That's a vexing question. / That problem gives me a headache

* 아프니? : 아프(the stem of 아프다) + -니?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 아파 : 아프(the stem of 아프다; 으 erased before 아) + -아(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
- 아이고, 아파 : Ouch ! That hurts !

2. 쑤시다

* 쑤시다 : (1) (구멍 등을) pick; poke (2) (불을) poke[stir up] ; rake ; give a stir (3) [=아프다] ache; smart(손가락 등이); tingle; throb with pain(종기 등이); jump; fester; rankle(염증을 일으켜); be sore; twine; prick; prickle
- 이를 쑤시다 : pick one's teeth
- 흙벽을 쑤시어 구멍을 내다 : poke a hole in a mud wall
- 그는 성냥개비로 충치 구멍을 쑤셨다 : He picked a troublesome cavity in a tooth with the point of a match
- 그는 난로의 불을 쑤셔서 타오르게 했다 : He poked up a blaze in the stove
- 귀가 쑤시다 have a sore ear
- 머리[골치]가 쑤신다 : have a splitting headache
- 옆구리가 쑤신다 : have a smart pain in the side
- 온 몸이 쑤신다 : I feel sharp pains all over my body
- 마디마디가 쑤신다 : I am aching in the joints
- 충치가 몹시 쑤신다 : A decayed tooth aches[pains me] awfully. / I have a terrible toothache
- 위가 몹시 쑤셨다 : I had a sharp pain in my stomach
- 상처가 쑤셔서 밤새 잠을 못 잤다 : The smart of[pain from] my wound kept me awake

* 쑤시어 : 쑤시(the stem of 쑤시다) + -어(and then)
* 쑤신다 : present tense of 쑤시다 by '-ㄴ'
* 쑤셨다 : past tense of 쑤시다 by '-였-'
* 쑤셔서 : 쑤시(the stem of 쑤시다) + -여서(because of)

3. 결리다

* 결리다 : (1) (몸이) feel a stitch ; have a crick (2) [기를 펴지 못하다] be cowed; feel constrained [oppressed]; be overpowered; flinch ; shrink ; quail
- 옆구리가 결리다 : feel[have] a stitch in one's side
- 목이 결린다 : I have a crick in the neck
- 그 사람한테 뭐 결리는 데라도 있나? : Is there something wrong with him?

Let's learn about "단짠단짠"

1. 단짠 : 음식 따위가 달면서 짠맛이 날 때 쓰는 말(a word used when food tastes sweet and salty)

2. 단짠단짠 : 단맛과 짠맛이 번갈아 나는 맛 또는 그런 음식(sweet and salty)

[explanations]
* 단 : sweet; sugary
- 단맛 : sweet taste
* 달다 : be sweet; be sugary
- 그는 쓰다 달다 말이 없는 사람이라서 답답하다 : He's a bit frustrating because he never says "yes" or "no," nor what he likes or dislikes.
* 달게 : (1) [=만족하게] contentedly; [=체념하여] resignedly; with resignation (2) sweet
- 그 벌은 달게 받겠습니다 : I'll take the punishment contentedly
- 낮잠을 달게 자다 : have a restful nap

* 달다 : (1) (깃발·돛 등을) hoist (up), hang, put up (2) (단추·이름표 등을) [=몸에 붙이다] wear, attach, put on; [=꿰매다] sew (sth on sth) (3) [=설치하다] install, (벽에 선반 등을) put up
- 깃발을 달다 : hoist[hang; put up] a flag
- 옷에 브로치를 달다 : wear[put on] a pin[brooch] on one's dress
- 차에 CD플레이어를 달다 : install a CD player in the car

* 짠 : salty
- 짠맛 : salty taste
* 짜다 : (1) [=인색하다] (informal) stingy, (Am) cheap, (Brit) mean () be salty
- 있는 사람들이 더 짜다 : The haves are stingier than the have-nots
- 이 생선은 약간 짜다 : This fish tastes a bit salty.
* 짜게 : Saltyly

* 짜다 : (1) (물·액체 등을) squeeze, (빨래 등을) wring (out), (과일의 즙 등을) press (2) (생각·지혜 등을) rack one's brain (3) (눈물·목소리 등을) squeeze out
- 상처에서 고름을 짜다 : squeeze the pus from[out of] a wound
- 머리를 짜 봐도 답이 나오지 않았다 : I racked my brain for an answer but came up with none
- 억지로 눈물을 짜다 : squeeze out tears

2022-09-28

Let's learn about "먼저 하세요"

먼저 하세요 : After you

[other expressions]
- 먼저 해. (to younger people or friends)
- 먼저 해라. (to younger people or friends)
- 먼저 해요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 먼저 하세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 먼저 하셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 먼저 하시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 먼저 하시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 먼저 하십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* "After you" can means (1) "먼저 하세요" (2) "먼저 가세요"

* 먼저 : (1) [=앞서서] first; ahead (2) [=우선] first of all; above all; before anything else (3) [=미리] earlier; before; in advance; beforehand (4) [전에] (sometime) ago; previously; before; formerly
- 먼저 가다 : go first / go before others / go ahead / take precedence
- 먼저 먹다 : take[eat] first / eat before others
- 먼저 실례합니다[갑니다] : Excuse me, but I must be going. / Please excuse me for going on ahead of you[, but I'll go ahead]
- 내가 그보다 먼저  왔다 : I came earlier than he did. / I arrived before he did
- 그가 맨 먼저 일어섰다 : He was the first to stand up
- 먼저 가십시오 : Please go first. / Let me follow you
- 그것보다 이것을 먼저 해야 한다 : You must do this before that
- 우선 무엇보다 먼저 : first of all / before everything else / first / to begin with / at the outset
- 무엇보다 먼저 집을 사다 : buy a house first of all
- 먼저 우리 국민성에 대해서 말하겠다 : I shall begin with the national character of our people
- 먼저 빚을 갚아야겠다 : I have to pay my debts before anything else
- 먼저 부모님께 알려 드리세요 : First of all[Before anything else], you must let your parents know about it
- 먼저 지불하다 : pay in advance / advance / prepay
- 먼저 승인을 얻다 : obtain prior approval
- 내가 이 이야기를 먼저 했어야 하는데… : I should have explained[told you] this first. / I should have started off by telling you this, but ‥
- 그는 조금 먼저 퇴근했다 : He left the office a little before we did
- 먼저 말한 바와 같이 : as previously stated / as noted[said] above
- 먼저 말한 바로 미루어 : judging from the foregoing
- 먼저 상태로 돌아가다 : return to the previous condition
- 먼저 그렇게 말한 일이 있지 않은가 : Didn't you say that sometime ago? 

* 하다 : do

* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 해라 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 하세요 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 하셔요 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 하십시오 : 하(the stem of 하다)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Question about "말이 통하다"

말이 통하다
이 단어 의미를 잘 이해 못해요..
Can you guys explain the meaning of this word ???

<Answer>

1. It means the communication between each other is going well

2. It pretty much means that you are verbally connecting well with the person(s) you are talking with

Let's learn about "이따 갈게"

이따 갈게 : I'll get to you soon

[other expressions]

- 이따 갈게. (to younger poeple or friends)
- 이따 갈게요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이따 가겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 이따 : a short form of 이따가
* 이따가 : [=좀 있다•좀 있다가] a little[bit] later; after a while[short time]; a short time later
- 이따 다시 오겠습니다 : I will come again after a while
- 이따 전화를 하겠습니다 : I'll call you later (on)

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* 당신 : you (this expresses honourific nuance in this case. that is to say, this can be only used when the other person is not in front of you
* 오빠 : a brother of a girl; a man is older than a woman (honourific word)

* -에게 = 에게로 : to; toward; unto

* 너에게 / 당신에게 / 오빠에게 : these omitted

* 가다 : go
* 갈게 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will)
* 갈게요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가겠습니까? : 가(the stem of 가다) + -겠(one’s possibility) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -ㄹ게 / -ㄹ게요 / -겠습니다: I will ~

Let's learn about "이번 주말에 뭐 해?"

이번 주말에 뭐 해? : What are you up to this weekend?

[other expressions]
- 야! 이번 주말에 뭐 하니? (to younger people or friends)
- 야! 이번 주말에 뭐 하나? (to younger people or friends)
- 야! 이번 주말에 뭐 하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 야! 이번 주말에 뭐 해? (to younger people or friends)
- 야! 이번 주말에 뭐 하는데? (to younger people or friends)

- 선배! 이번 주말에 뭐 하나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 선배! 이번 주말에 뭐 해요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 선배! 이번 주말에 뭐 하는데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 선배! 이번 주말에 뭐 하세요? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 선배! 이번 주말에 뭐 하셔요? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 선배! 이번 주말에 뭐 하십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 야! : Hey
* 선배 : [先輩] a senior; a superior; an elder; a predecessor

* 이번 : (1) [=금번] this (time); [=현재] now; [=다음번] next time; [=머지않아] shortly; soon; [=최근] recently; lately (2) [二番] : the second; number two

* 주말 : weekend
* -에 : a time suffix

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 너 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)
* -를 : a particle makes 뭐 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 하다 : (1) do (2) [=하고 있다] be doing

* 해? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하+ -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 하세요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 하셔요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 하십니까? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가 / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -ㅂ니까? / -십니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '시'

Let's learn about "너 없이는 못했다"

너 없이는 못했다 : I couldn't have done it without you

[other expressions]
- 너 없이는 못했다. (to younger people or friends)
- 너 없이는 못했네. (to younger people or friends)
- 너 없이는 못했어. (to younger people or friends)
- 오빠 없이는 못했네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오빠 없이는 못했어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 오빠 없이는 못했습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)
* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted
* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 니 / 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* 오빠 : a brother of a girl; a man is older than a woman (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 니 / 너 / 오빠 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 없다 : (1) [=존재하지 않다] there is no ‥; do not exist (2) [=갖고 있지 않다] have no ‥; be without; [=보이지 않다] be missing; cannot be found (3) 결여되다] want; lack; be wanting[lacking]
- 내가 없는 동안에 : during my absence / while I am away
- 없는 거나 다름없다 : be next to nothing
- 대답하는 사람이 없었다 : No one answered
- 그래도 없는 것보다는 낫다 : It's better than nothing
- 돈이 없다 : have no money
- 할 일이 없다 : have nothing to do
- 나는 아이[친척]가 없다 : I have no children[relatives / kith and kin]
- 나는 흥미가 없다 : I'm not interested
- 더 이상 말할 것이 없다 : I have nothing more to say
- 예의가 없다 : lack good manners

* 없이 : [adverb] without; sans; minus
- 휴일도 없이 : without holidays
- 예외 없이 : without exceptions
- 할 수 없이 : unavoidably / out of sheer necessity
- 한푼 없이 되다 become penniless
- 생물은 물 없이는 살아갈 수 없다 : Without water, nothing can live

* 없이는 : 없이 + -는/은/ㄴ(a suffix emphasizes 없이)

* 못하다 : (1) [=수준이 떨어지다] inferior (to) (2) [used as a form of "못해도") at least (3) [=잘하지 못하다] be bad[poor] (at), be weak (in); can’t
- 훨씬 못하다 : fall[be] far beneath (in)
- 그녀를 짝사랑하는 남자가 못해도 다섯 명은 될 것이다 : At least five men have a crush on her
- 저는 노래를 못해요 : I'm a terrible singer

* 못했다 : past tense of 못하다 by '-었-'

* 못했습니다 : 못했(the stem of 못했다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

2022-09-27

Let's learn about "너 내일 뭐 해?"

야! 너 내일 뭐 해? : What are you doing tomorrow?

ex) 

A. 야! 너 내일 뭐 해? : Hey, What are you doing tomorrow?
B. 아무 것도 안 해 : Nothing
A. 내일 저녁 먹을까? : Do you want to have dinner tomorrow?
B. 그럼 내일 봐 : Ok!, then see you tomorrow

[other expressions]
- 야! 너 내일 뭐 하니? (to younger people or friends)
- 야! 너 내일 뭐 하나? (to younger people or friends)
- 야! 너 내일 뭐 하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 야! 너 내일 뭐 해? (to younger people or friends)
- 야! 너 내일 뭐 하는데? (to younger people or friends)

- 선배! 내일 뭐 하나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 선배! 내일 뭐 해요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 선배! 내일 뭐 하는데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 선배! 내일 뭐 하세요? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 선배! 내일 뭐 하셔요? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 선배! 내일 뭐 하십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 야! : Hey
* 선배 : [先輩] a senior; a superior; an elder; a predecessor

* 내일 : tomorrow

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 너 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)
* -를 : a particle makes 뭐 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 하다 : (1) do (2) [=하고 있다] be doing

* 해? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하+ -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 하세요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 하셔요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 하십니까? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가 / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -ㅂ니까? / -십니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '시'

Let's learn about "정떨어지네"

정떨어지네 : I'm put off by this / I'm so out of touchy

[other expressions]
- 정떨어진다. (to younger people or friends)
- 정떨어지네. (to younger people or friends)
- 정떨어져. (to younger people or friends)
- 정떨어지는군! (to younger people or friends)
- 정떨어지는구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 정떨어지네요. (honourific by '요')
- 정떨어지는군요. (honourific by '요')
- 정떨어져요. (honourific by '요')
- 정떨어집니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 정떨어지다 : become disgusted ; be disaffected ; fall out of love ; grow sick[tired] <--- 정(情: [=감정·마음] feeling(s); [=세련된 심정] sentiment; [=인정] human nature) + 떨어지다([=분리되다] separate; part from[with]; fall apart)
- 그 생각을 하면 정떨어진다 : It makes me sick to think of it
- 그녀는 그의 촌스러운 몸가짐에 정떨어졌다 : She was repelled by his rustic manners
- 그녀의 얼굴을 보면 정떨어진다 : Her face quite puts me off
- 네놈에게는 정떨어졌어 : I've had just about enough of you
- 독재자의 정책에 국민들은 곧 정떨어졌다 : The dictator's policies had soon disaffected the people. 

* 정떨어집니다 : 정떨어지(the stem of 정떨어지다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -져 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "진정해"

진정해 : (Please) calm down

[other expressions]
- 진정해. (to younger people or friends)
- 진정해라. (to younger people or friends)
- 진정해요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 진정하세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 진정하셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 진정하시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 진정하시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 진정하십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 진정 : [眞正] genuineness; authenticity
* 진정하다 : be genuine; be authentic; be real; be true; be pure
* 진정한 : [=진짜•진짜의] genuine; authentic; real; true; pure
- 진정한 의미에서 : in the true sense of the world
- 진정한 친구 : one's bosom friend
- 진정한 우정 : true friendship
- 진정한 인류애 : genuine love for humanity
- 진정한 민주주의를 고찰하다 : consider what true democracy is[what a true democracy should be]
- 그는 진정한 크리스트교도이다 : He is a real[genuine] Christian
- 그는 진정한 신사다 : He is a gentleman to the score
- 나는 그에게 진정한 축하의 말을 보냈다 : I sent sincere words of congratulation to him. / I sent him my heartfelt
* 진정히 : [=참으로•진짜•진짜로] genuinely; authentically; truly
- 그는 아들을 진정히 사랑하고 있었다 : He truly loved his son

* 진정 : [眞情] [=진실한 마음] sincerity; true heart; genuine sentiment; true feelings
- 진정으로 : sincerely / truly / seriously
- 진정으로 사랑하는 사람 : a person one likes from the bottom of one's heart

* 진정 : [鎭靜] calm; quiet; tranquil(l)ity; appeasement; pacification
* 진정하다 : be calm; be quiet; (고통 등을) soothe; allay; appease; abate; (소동 등을) tranquil(l)ize; pacify
- 마음을 진정하다 : calm oneself (down)
- 노여움을 진정하다  : (자기의) quell[appease] one's anger / (남의) calm[appease] anger
- 제발 진정하게 : Calm down. / Take it easy. / Don't be[get] so excited
- 그녀는 다시는 그런 일을 하지 않겠다는 약속을 하여 아버지의 노여움을 진정시켜 드렸다 : She appeased her father's anger by promising never to do it again
- 소란이 진정되었다 : The commotion subsided[died down]
- 그의 조용한 어조는 사람들의 흥분을 진정시켰다 His quiet tone cooled their excitement
- 그의 노여움은 진정되었다 : His anger cooled off. / He calmed down

* 진정시키다 : make someone calm down
* 진정되다 : become calmed down; cooled off

* 진정해 : 진정하(the stem of 진정하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 진정해라 : 진정하(the stem of 진정하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 진정하세요 : 진정하(the stem of 진정하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 진정하셔요 : 진정하(the stem of 진정하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 진정하십시오 : 진정하(the stem of 진정하다)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Let's learn about "조금 싱거운데"

조금 싱거운데 : It's a bit bland

[other expressions]
- 좀 싱겁다. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 싱겁네. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 싱거워. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 싱겁군! (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 싱겁구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 싱거운데 (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 싱겁네요. (honourific by '요')
- 좀 싱겁군요. (honourific by '요')
- 좀 싱거워요. (honourific by '요')
- 좀 싱거운데요. (honourific by '요')
- 좀 싱겁습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little bit)

* 싱거운 : bland; not spicy
* 싱겁다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] be bland; be not spicy

* 싱거워 : 싱겁(the stem of 싱겁다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 싱거운데 : 싱겁(the stem of 싱겁다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* ㅂ 불규칙 : ㅂ of 싱겁다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

* See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

* 싱겁습니다 : 싱겁(the stem of 싱겁다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -ㄴ데: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -ㄴ데 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

2022-09-26

Let's learn about "얼마나 걸려?"

얼마나 걸려? : How long?

[oher expressions]
- 얼마나 걸리니? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마나 걸리나? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마나 걸리냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마나 걸려? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마나 걸리는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 얼마나 걸리나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얼마나 걸려요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얼마나 걸리는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 얼마나 걸리세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 얼마나 걸리셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 얼마나 걸립니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 얼마나 걸리십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 얼마 : (1) how much (2) a little bit
- 이거 얼마에요? : How much is this?
- 나는 얼마를 벌든 다 저축할 것이다 : I'm going to save all my money no matter how much I make
- 이제 돈이 얼마 남지 않았다 : There isn't a lot of money left now

* 얼마나 (1) [=얼마 가량이나] how (2) [degree of a feeling or emotion] how
- 돈이 얼마나 필요합니까? : How much money do you need?
- 복권에 당첨되면 얼마나 좋을까! : How great it would be to win the lottery!

* 걸리다 : (1) (그림·해 등이) hang, be hung (2) (장애물·구멍 등에) catch, be caught, be[get] stuck (in); (기계 등에 끼이다) be[get] jammed; (발이) trip, stumble
(3) (그물·덫 등에) (그물 등에) be[get] caught [entangled], (덫에) be trapped [entrapped] (4) (시간이) take (time)
- 모자가 못에 걸려 있다 : A hat is hung on a peg
- 돌에 걸려 넘어지다 : trip[stumble] on[over] a stone and fall down
- 덫에 걸리다 : be caught in a trap[snare]
- 여기 오는 데 시간이 꽤 걸렸다 : It took a long time to get here

* 걸리세요? : 걸리(the stem of 걸리다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 걸리셔요? : 걸리(the stem of 걸리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 걸립니까 : 걸리(the stem of 걸리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 걸리십니까? : 걸리(the stem of 걸리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -여? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -는가? / -여? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-시-‘ / ‘-요’

Let's learn about "누가 노래 할래?"

누가 노래 할래? : Who's going to sing?


[oher expressions]

<to younger people or friends: honourific by ‘-요’>

- 누가 노래 할 거니?

- 누가 노래 할 거냐?

- 누가 노래 할 거야?

- 누가 노래 할 건가?

- 누가 노래 할 건가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 누가 노래 할래? (to younger people or friends)

- 누가 노래 할래요? (honourific by ‘-요’)


<to the elderly; honourific by ‘-요’ / '시'>

- 어느 분이 노래 할 건가요?

- 어느 분이 노래 할래요?

- 어느 분이 노래 하실래요?


- 어느 분이 노래 할 겁니까?

- 어느 분이 노래 하실 겁니까?

- 어느 분이 노래 하겠습니까? (formal)

- 어느 분이 노래 하시겠습니까? (formal)


[explanations]

* 누가 : who (non-honourific word)


* 어느 분 : who (honourific word) <-- 어느(which) + 분(person; honourific word)

* -이 : a particle makes 어느 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant


* 노래 : song

* 노래하다 = 노래를 하다 : sing a song


* 하다 : do

* 할 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense or attributive)

* 하실 : 하(the stem of 하다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense or attributive)


* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)

* -이다 : be


* 거니? = 것이니?

* 거냐? = 것이냐?

* 거야? = 것이야?

* 건가? = 것인가?

* 겁니까? = 것입니까?


* 건가요? = 것인가요?


* 할래? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ래(a interrogative verb ending suffix means "Could you ~?")

* 할래요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ래(a interrogative verb ending suffix means "Could you ~?") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)


* 하실래요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ래(a interrogative verb ending suffix means "Could you ~?") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)


* 하겠습니까 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -겠(a suffix asks someone back) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 하시겠습니까? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -겠(a suffix asks someone back) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)


* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄹ래? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㄴ가? / -ㄹ래? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -실래요? / 겠습니까? / -시겠습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-시-‘ / '스' /  ‘-요’

Let's learn about "들렸다 갈래?"

들렸다 갈래? = 들렸다가 갈래? : Shall we stop by there?

ex)

A) 이 근처에 아주 맛난 식당 있는데... : There's a really good restaurant around here
B) 그럼 우리 거기 들렸다 갈래? : Then, shall we stop by there?

[other expressions]
- 들렸다 가자. (to younger people or friends)
- 들렸다 갈래? (to younger people or friends)
- 들렸다 가요. (to younger people or friends)
- 들렸다 갈래요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 들렸다 가실래요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 들렸다 갑시다. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 들렸다 가십시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 들렸다 가시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 들리다 : (1) [sound]  (사람이 주어) hear; (소리가 주어) be heard, be audible (2) [rumour] reach, be said (3) [=받아들여지다] sound (4) [=잠깐 방문하다] drop by

* 들렸다 : (1) past tense of 들리다 (2) [as the forms of 들렸다 가다•들렸다가 가다] 들렸(the stem of 들렸다) + -다/다가(after)

* 가다 : go

* 가자 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -아자(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~")
* 갈래 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~")
* 가실래요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ래(a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 갑시다 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㅂ시다(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~") 
* 가십시다 : 가(the stem of 가다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시다(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~") 
* 가시겠어요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠어요(an honourific propositive and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~")

* a verb + -ㄹ래 / -자 : a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~"
* a verb + -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -십시오 / -겠어요 / -겠습니까: a little imperative and persuasive verb ending suffix, means "Let’s ~",  has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-오’  / '스'

Let’s learn about "-고 말다“

1. V + -고 말다
 
1) 앞에 오는 말이 가리키는 행동이 안타깝게도 끝내 일어났음을 나타내는 표현이다(An expression used to state that it is regrettable that the act mentioned in the preceding statement finally occurred)
(출처: 한국어기초사전; https://krdict.korean.go.kr/)
 
의도하지 않았거나 기대하지 못한 의외의 결과가 생겼음을 나타냄(Indicates that unexpected and unexpected results have occurred)

* -고 말았다 : accidently done
 
- 늦잠을 자서 회사에 지각을 하고 말았다 : I overslept and was late for work
- 금연을 결심했지만 담배를 피우고 말았다 : I decided to quit smoking, but I kept smoking
- 백화점에서 쇼핑을 하다가 지갑을 잃어버리고 말았다 : I lost my wallet while shopping at the department store
 
2) 앞에 오는 말이 가리키는 일을 이루고자 하는 말하는 사람의 강한 의지를 나타내는 표현이다(An expression used to indicate the strong will of the speaker to accomplish the goal denoted in the preceding statement) (출처: 한국어기초사전; https://krdict.korean.go.kr/)
 
* -고 말겠다 : I’ll have to do

- 이번 토픽 시험에서는 5급을 꼭 따고야 말겠다.
- 밤을 새워서라도 선생님이 낸 숙제를 꼭 하고 말겠어 : I'll have to get level 5 on this TOPIK test
- 그동안 실패를 많이 했지만 이번에는 꼭 성공하고 말겠다 : I've failed a lot, but I'll definitely succeed this time

2. 말다 :

1) 앞의 말이 나타내는 행동이 끝내 이루어짐을 나타내는 말 (An auxiliary verb used to indicate the completion of an action in the preceding statement)
 
- 승규는 실수로 주스를 옷에 쏟고 말았다 : Seung-gyu accidentally spilled juice on his clothes
- 지수는 결승선 앞에서 넘어지고 말아 안타깝게 2위를 했다 : Ji-soo fell in front of the finish line and unfortunately finished second
 
2) 앞의 말이 나타내는 일을 이루고자 하는 말하는 사람의 강한 의지를 나타내는 말 (An auxiliary verb used to indicate the speaker's strong will to achieve something in the preceding statement)
 
- 어떤 어려운 일이 있더라도 나는 내 꿈을 이루고야 말겠다 : No matter what happens, I will achieve my dream
- 내 형편이 지금은 이렇지만, 언젠가 보란 듯이 성공해 보이고야 말겠어 : My situation is like this now, but I'm going to succeed someday

(출처: 한국어기초사전; https://krdict.korean.go.kr/) 

Let's learn about "그 말에 속지 마"

그 말 속지 마 / 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마 : Don't fall for it / Don't be fooled by it

[other expressions]
- 그 말 속지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 말 속지 마라. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 말 속지 말래. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 말 속지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 그 말 속지 말래요. (honourific by '요')
- 그 말 속지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그 말 속지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그 말 속지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그 말 속지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')
- 그 말 속지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그 말 속지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마라. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 말래. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 말래요. (honourific by '요')
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그 말에 속아 넘어가지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 그 : that
* 말 : word
* -에 : place suffix; this can omittable

* 속다 : [Pronunciation: 쏙따] be[get] deceived[cheated / deluded / hoaxed / defrauded / fooled]; be imposed (up)on; be taken in; be caught in a trap

* 속이다 : [Pronunciation: 쏙이다] deceive [cheat / delude/ hoax / defraud / fool]

* 넘어가다 : (1) [=고개• 언덕을 넘다] cross, pass (2) [=쓰러지다] fall down (3) [재산•소유권] be turned[handed] over, fall[pass] into sb's hands[possession], change hands

* 속아 넘어가다 : [=속다] be taken in; be deceived; be fooled; be cheated

* 쫄지 : 쫄(the stem of 쫄다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 넘어가지 : 넘어가(the stem of 넘어가다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 속지 : 속(the stem of 속다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시어(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)
* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

2022-09-21

Let's learn about "잘했다"

잘했다 : You did a good job

[other expressions]
- 잘했다. (to younger people or friends)
- 잘했네. (to younger people or friends)
- 잘했어. (to younger people or friends)
- 잘했군! (to younger people or friends)
- 잘했구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 잘했네요. (honourific by '요')
- 잘했군요. (honourific by '요')
- 잘했어요. (honourific by '요')
- 잘했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 잘하다 : (1) [=올바르게 하다] do a right thing; do right; [=훌륭히 하다] do well; do successfully (2) [능란하게 하다] be skillful ; be good ; be expert ; be a good hand (3) [=만족하게 하다] satisfy; gratify; please; give satisfaction (4) [=자주 하다] do often[frequently] (5) [=잘되면] if all goes well; with luck <--- 잘(well; skillful; successfully) + 하다(do)

* 잘했다 : past tense or present perfect form of 잘하다 by '-었-'

* 잘했습니다 : 잘했(the stem of 잘했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스/' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "나 시험 망쳤다"

나 시험 망쳤다 : I messed up my exam

[other expressions]
- 나 시험 망쳤다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 시험 망쳤네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 시험 망쳤어. (to younger people or friends)
- 저 시험 망쳤네요. (honourific by '요')
- 저 시험 망쳤어요. (honourific by '요')
- 저 시험 망쳤습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 망하다 : (1) (집안·회사 등이) fail, go under, go bankrupt, (informal) go broke, (informal) go bust; (회사 등이) go out of business (2) (as the form of 망할) will fail <-- 망(failure; bankruptcy) + 하다(do; become)
- 내 사업이 망했다 : My business has failed
- 망할 자식! : You bastard!

* 망치다 : [=잡치다] spoil; mar; ruin; destroy; damage; work[play] havoc with; make a mess[muddle] <-- 망(failure; bankruptcy) + 치다(hit; knock down; smite; smack; make something into a condition)
- 일생을 망치다 : blast one's career / make a wreck of one's life / be ruined for life
- 계획을 망치다 : frustrate[upset] a plan / throw a wet blanket over a project
- 몸을 망치다 : ruin[degrade] oneself / go wrong
- 난봉으로 몸을 망치다 : ruin oneself by dissipation
- 태풍 때문에 소풍 계획이 망쳐졌다 : The typhoon spoiled[ruined] our plans for a picnic

* 망쳤다 : past tense or present perfect form of 망치다 by '-였-'

* 망쳤습니다 : 망쳤(the stem of 망쳤다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스/' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "해냈어"

해냈어 : I made it

[other expressions]
- 해냈다. (to younger people or friends)
- 해냈네. (to younger people or friends)
- 해냈어. (to younger people or friends)
- 해냈네요. (honourific by '요')
- 해냈어요. (honourific by '요')
- 해냈습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 하다 : do
* 내다  : (1) put [let] out; take [bring] out; pull out; draw from [out of] (2) issue; publish; send out; start; set forth (3) emit; give out; utter; make

* 해내다 : [=이겨 내다] [this meaning is rarely used] beat; defeat; vanquish; get[gain] the better of (2) [=치러 내다] carry through[out]; succeed; complete; finish; accomplish; achieve; fulfill <-- 하다 + -어(a connection suffix) + 내다

- 레슬링에서 세 사람을 해내다 : overmatch three persons in wrestling
- 그는 주인을 말로 해냈다 : He argued his master down
- 맡은 일을 해내다 : perform the work assigned to one
- 계획한 바를 해내다 : carry through an undertaking
- 훌륭히 해내다 : make a success[fair job] of 
- 이럭저럭/그럭저럭 해내다 : manage to do (somehow)
- 어려운 역할을 그는 아주 잘 해냈다 : He fulfilled[fulfiled / carried out] his difficult role very well
- 그는 그 대사업을 멋지게 해냈다 : He accomplished [carried off]

* 해냈다 : past tense or present perfect form of 해내다 by '-었-'

* 해냈습니다 : 해냈(the stem of 해냈다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스/' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "너 얼굴 많이 부었네"

너 얼굴 많이 부었네 : Your face is so puffy

[other expressions]
- 너 얼굴 많이 부었다. (to younger people or friends)
- 너 얼굴 많이 부었네. (to younger people or friends)
- 너 얼굴 많이 부었어. (to younger people or friends)
- 너 얼굴 많이 부었군! (to younger people or friends)
- 너 얼굴 많이 부었구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 언니 얼굴 많이 부었네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 언니 얼굴 많이 부었군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 언니 얼굴 많이 부었어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 언니 얼굴 많이 부었습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 너 / 니 : I (non-honourific word)
* 언니 : older sister of a girl
* -의 : a particle makes 너 / 니 / 언니 possesive; this omitted

* 얼굴 : face
* -가 : a particle makes 얼굴 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 많은 : [Pronunciation: 만은] many; much; a lot
* 많이 : [Pronunciation: 만이] an adverb form of 많은

* 붓다 : [ㅅ 불규칙] (1) [=살가죽이 부풀어오르다] swell (up / out); bloat (out); become swollen[dropsical] (2) (액체를) pour ; fill with ; put ; feed (3) [=뿌리다] sow (4) [=불입금·곗돈 등을 치르다] pay in[by] instal(l)ments
- 울어서 눈이 붓다 : have one's eyes swollen with crying / cry one's eyes out
- 다친 팔목이 몹시 부었다 : The injured wrist swelled up badly
- 나는 우유를 병에서 유리컵에 부었다 : I poured milk from the bottle into the glasses
- 모판에 씨앗을 붓다 : sow seeds in a seedbed
- 월 5만 원씩 붓다 : pay a monthly instal(l)ment of 50,000 won

* 부은 : swollen / bloated / tumid
- 부은 얼굴로 with a swollen face

* 부었다 : past tense or present perfect of 붓다 by '-었-'

* 부었습니다 : 부었(the stem of 부었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclmatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "누구세요?"

누구세요? : Who are you?

[other expressions]
- 누구니? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 누구야? (to younger people or friends)
- 누군데? (to younger people or friends)
- 누군데요? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 누구입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 누구세요? (more honourific by '시')
- 누구셔요? (more honourific by '시')
- 누구십니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 누구 : who; whom

<The lefts are made from Rights by erasing "-이-">
* 누구니? <-- 누구이니?
* 누구냐? <-- 누구이냐?
* 누구야? <-- 누구이야?
* 누군데? <-- 누구인데?
* 누군데요? <-- 누구인데요?
* 누구세요? <-- 누구이세요?
* 누구셔요? <-- 누구이세요?

* a noun + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ데? : a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다
* a noun + -ㄴ데? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -입니까? / -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? : an honourific interrgative form of 이다 by ‘-ㅂ’ / '-요' / '시'

2022-09-20

Let's learn about "나 백수야"

난 백수야 : I'm between jobs

[other expressions]
- 나 백수다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 백수네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 백수야. (to younger people or friends)
- 저 백수네요. (honourific by '요')
- 저 백수예요. (honourific by '요')
- 저 백수입니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 난 백수다. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 백수네. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 백수야. (to younger people or friends)
- 전 백수네요. (honourific by '요')
- 전 백수예요. (honourific by '요')
- 전 백수입니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omittable

* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 백수 : [Pronunciation: 백쑤] between jobs; joblessness

* 이다 : be

* 백수이다 : be between jobs; be jobless

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -예요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix 

Let's learn about "솔직히 말해 봐"

솔직히 말해 봐 = 솔직하게 말해 봐 : Be honest

ex) 솔직하게 말해 봐. 나 좋아하죠? : Be honest. Do you like me?

[other expressions]
- 솔직하게 말해 봐라. (to younger people or friends)
- 솔직하게 말해 봐. (to younger people or friends)
- 솔직하게 말해 볼래. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 솔직하게 말해 봐요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 솔직하게 말해 볼래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 솔직하게 말해 보실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 솔직하게 말해 보세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 솔직하게 말해 보셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 솔직하게 말해 보시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 솔직하게 말해 보시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 솔직하게 말해 보십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 솔직하게 말해 보시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 솔직하게 말해 보시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 솔직 : [Pronunciation: 솔찍] [率直] straightforwardness; frankness; candidness; open-heartedness
* 솔직한 : [Pronunciation: 솔찍칸]  straightforward; frank; candid; plain; honest; straight; open; outspoken
* 솔직히 = 솔직하게 : an adverb form of 솔직하다
* 솔직하다 : [Pronunciation: 솔찍하다] a verb form of 솔직한

* 말하다 : say; tell; speak
* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) meet (3) try (to do)

* 말해 보다 : try to say <-- 말하(the stem of 말하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + -보다(try)

* 봐 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 봐라 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 볼래 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 보실래요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보세요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보셔요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보시지요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보십시오 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 보시겠어요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보시겠습니까 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"

Let's learn about "망했다"

망했다 : (1) I'm doomed; I failed; we failed (2) I'm bankrupted

[other expressions]
- 망했다. (to younger people or friends)
- 망했네. (to younger people or friends)
- 망했어. (to younger people or friends)
- 망했군! (to younger people or friends)
- 망했구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 망했네요. (honourific by '요')
- 망했군요. (honourific by '요')
- 망했어요. (honourific by '요')
- 망했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 망하다 : (1) (집안·회사 등이) fail, go under, go bankrupt, (informal) go broke, (informal) go bust; (회사 등이) go out of business (2) (as the form of 망할) will fail
- 내 사업이 망했다 : My business has failed
- 망할 자식! : You bastard!

* 망했다 : past tense or present perfect form of 망하다 by '-었-'

* 망했습니다 : 망했(the stem of 망했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스/' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "그건 쓸데 없다"

그건 쓸 데 없다 : It's useless

[other expressions]
- 그건 쓸 데 없다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그건 쓸 데 없네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그건 쓸 데 없어. (to younger people or friends)
- 그건 쓸 데 없는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 그건 쓸 데 없네요. (honourific by '요')
- 그건 쓸 데 없는데요. (honourific by '요')
- 그건 쓸 데 없어요. (honourific by '요')
- 그건 쓸 데 없습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 그건 : a short form of 그것은
* 그것 : that (thing); it
* -은 : a particle makes 그것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 쓰다 : use
* 쓸 : 쓰(the stem of 쓰다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive form)

* 데 : [=곳] place
* -가 : a particle makes 데 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 없다 : do not exist; there is no...

* 쓸 데 없다 : be useless
* 쓸 데 없는 : useless

* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스'' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "그건 쓸데 없다"

그건 쓸 데 없다 : It's useless

[other expressions]
- 그건 쓸 데 없다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그건 쓸 데 없네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그건 쓸 데 없어. (to younger people or friends)
- 그건 쓸 데 없는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 그건 쓸 데 없네요. (honourific by '요')
- 그건 쓸 데 없는데요. (honourific by '요')
- 그건 쓸 데 없어요. (honourific by '요')
- 그건 쓸 데 없습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 그건 : a short form of 그것은
* 그것 : that (thing); it
* -은 : a particle makes 그것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 쓰다 : use
* 쓸 : 쓰(the stem of 쓰다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive form)

* 데 : [=곳] place
* -가 : a particle makes 데 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 없다 : do not exist; there is no...

* 쓸 데 없다 : be useless
* 쓸 데 없는 : useless

* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스'' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "넘 개운해"

넘 개운해 : I feel so refreshed

[other expressions]
- 너무 개운하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 개운하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 개운해. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 개운하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 개운하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 개운하네요. (honourific by '요')
- 너무 개운하군요. (honourific by '요')
- 너무 개운해요. (honourific by '요')
- 너무 개운합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 넘 : a short form of 너무
* 너무 : [=엄청•아주•정말•정말로] too (much)

* 개운 : (1) [開運] improvement of one's fortune[lot]; cultivation of one's fortune; better fortune; good luck; a lucky break (2) [=몸이 상쾌함] the feeling of refreshness
* 개운하다 : (1) [=운수가 트임•행운이 옴] cultivate one's luck; bring good luck; have fortune on one's side; change for the better; turn in one's favor; have fortune open up for ; be favored by fortune; be in luck's way (1) [=몸이 상쾌하다] feel refreshed

* 개운한 : an adjective form of 개운하다

* 개운해 : 개운하(the stem of 개운하다; 싸 + -아 contracted into 싸) + -아(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 개운합니다 : 개운하(the stem of 개운하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

2022-09-19

Let's learn about "내가 살게"

1) Normal sitiation
- 제가 살게요 : It's on me

2) Mostly when good things happen
- 제가 한턱 낼게요 = 제가 한턱 쏠게요 : I'll treat you (food)

3) Someone older than you
- 제가 대접할게요 : I'll treat you food

[other expressions]
- 내가 살게. (to younger people or friends)
- 제가 살게요. (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 사겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 내가 한턱 낼게. (to younger people or friends)
- 제가 한턱 낼게요. (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 한턱 내겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 내가 한턱 쏠게. (to younger people or friends)
- 제가 한턱 쏠게요. (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 한턱 쏘겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 내가 대접할게. (to younger people or friends)
- 제가 대접할게요. (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 대접하겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 내 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 : I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

If you want to emphasize what, use 은 or 는.
If you want to emphasize who, use 이 or 가

* 사다 : (1) buy (2) treat somone in the sentence

* 살게 : 사(the stem of 사다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)
* 살게요 : 사(the stem of 사다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 사겠습니다 : 사(the stem of 사다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 한턱 : [=향응] an entertainment; a treat; [=향연] a feast
* 내다 : (1) give out (2) buy something for someone; treat someone
* 쏘다 : (1) shoot (2) buy something for someone; 
* 한턱 내다 = 한턱 쏘다 : treat someone

* 낼게 : 내(the stem of 내다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)
* 낼게요 : 내(the stem of 내다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 내겠습니다 : 내(the stem of 내다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 쏠게 : 쏘(the stem of 쏘다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)
* 쏠게요 : 쏘(the stem of 쏘다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 쏘겠습니다 : 쏘(the stem of 쏘다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 대접 : (1) big (soup) bowl (2) a treat
* 대접하다 : treat someone

* 대접할게 : 대접하(the stem of 대접하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)
* 대접할게요 : 대접하(the stem of 대접하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 대접하겠습니다 : 대접하(the stem of 대접하다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "고민 그만해"

고민 그만해 : Stop worrying

[other expressions]
- 고민 그만해. (to younger people or friends)
- 고민 그만해라. (to younger people or friends)
- 고민 그만해요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 고민 그만하세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 고민 그만하셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 고민 그만하시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 고민 그만하시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 고민 그만하십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 고민 : [苦悶] agony; anguish; worry; trouble; affliction
- 고민 거리 : the source of trouble
- 청춘의 고민 :  nameless longings of youth / torments of awakened love
- 마음의 고민 : anguish of heart / mental affliction / a weight on one's mind
* -을 : a particle makes 고민 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 그만하다 : stop; finish

* 그만해 : 그만하(the stem of 그만하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 그만해라 : 그만하(the stem of 그만하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 그만하세요 : 그만하(the stem of 그만하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 그만하셔요 : 그만하(the stem of 그만하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 그만하십시오 : 그만하(the stem of 그만하다)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Let's learn about "쫄지 마"

쫄지 마 : [=겁 먹지 마] Don't be intimidated


[other expressions]

- 쫄지 마. (to younger people or friends)

- 쫄지 마라. (to younger people or friends)

- 쫄지 말래. (to younger people or friends)

- 쫄지 마요. (honourific by '요')

- 쫄지 말래요. (honourific by '요')

- 쫄지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')

- 쫄지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')

- 쫄지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')

- 쫄지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')

- 쫄지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')

- 쫄지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')


[explanations]

* 쫄다 : [=겁먹다] be frightened; be intimidated

* 겁먹다 : 겁(cowardness) + 먹다(eat; take)

* 겁 : (1) [怯] [=공포] fear; fright; (a) terror; (a) dread; [=소심] timidity; cowardice (2) [劫] [budism] a kalpa; an (a)eon; an eternity; long ages

- 겁없는 아이 : a fearless child

- 겁많다 : be timid / cowardly / be a coward / chicken-livered

- 겁없다 : be fearless / bold / daring


* 쫄지 : 쫄(the stem of 쫄다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)


* 겁먹지 : 겁먹(the stem of 겁먹다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)


* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not


* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)

* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)

* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)

* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)

* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)


* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "

* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

사랑은 늘 도망가 - 임영웅

 Love Always Run Away (사랑은 늘 도망가) - 임영웅


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T__3SU5GBDI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltjchh7DMlk


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKQ-18LoFQk

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ra0eTcqvysA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03n6jwp2n_Y


눈물이 난다 이 길을 걸으면

그 사람 손길이 자꾸 생각이 난다

붙잡지 못하고 가슴만 떨었지


내 아름답던 사람아

사랑이란게 참 쓰린 거더라

잡으려 할수록 더 멀어 지더라

이별이란게 참 쉬운 거더라

내 잊지 못할 사람아


사랑아 왜 도망가

수줍은 아이처럼

행여 놓아버릴까봐

꼭 움켜쥐지만

그리움이 쫓아 사랑은 늘 도망가

잠시 쉬어가면 좋을텐데



바람이 분다 옷깃을 세워도

차가운 이별의 눈물이 차올라

잊지 못해서 가슴에 사무친

내 소중했던 사람아



사랑아 왜 도망가

수줍은 아이처럼

행여 놓아버릴까봐

꼭 움켜쥐지만

그리움이 쫓아 사랑은 늘 도망가

잠시 쉬어가면 좋을텐데


기다림도 애태움도

다 버려야하는데

무얼 찾아 이 길을 서성일까

무얼 찾아 여기인가


사랑아 왜 도망가

수줍은 아이처럼

행여 놓아버릴까봐

꼭 움켜쥐지만



그리움이 쫓아 사랑은 늘 도망가

잠시 쉬어가면 좋을텐데

잠시 쉬어가면 좋을텐데


[English Translation]


Tears come down When I walk down this road

I keep thinking of his hands

I couldn’t hold onto, my heart trembled


My beautiful person

Love was so bitter

The more I try to catch it, the farther it gets

It was really easy to say goodbye

My unforgettable person


Love, why are you running away

Like a shy child

I’m afraid I’ll let you go

I grab it, but

After longing, love always runs away

It would be nice to take a break.


Even if the wind is blowing up

Tears of the cold farewell fill up

I forgot to forget

My dear one


Love, why are you running away

Like a shy child

I’m afraid I’ll let you go

I grab it, but

After longing, love always runs away

It would be nice to take a break.


Waiting and worrying

I have to throw it all away

What are you looking for in this way

What are you looking for here


Love, why are you running away

Like a shy child

I’m afraid I’ll let you go

I grab it, but


After longing, love always runs away

It would be nice to take a break.

It would be nice to take a break.

Find more lyrics at mykpop.jspinyin.net

2022-09-16

Let's learn about "알았어"

알았어 : Okay, I got it / I knew / All right

[other expressions]
- 알았다. (to younger people or friends)
- 알았어. (to younger people or friends)
- 알았어요. (honourific by '-요')
- 알았습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 알다 : know; understand; all right
* 알았다 : past tense of 알다 by '-았-'

* 알았어 : 알았다 + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 알았어요 : 알았다 + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific suffix)
* 알았습니다 : 알았다 + -습니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-습’)

Let's learn about "일부러 그런 거 아니야"

일부러 그런 거 아니야 : I didn't do it on purpose

[other expressions]
- 일부러 그런 거 아니다. (to younger people or friends)
- 일부러 그런 거 아니네. (to younger people or friends)
- 일부러 그런 거 아니야. (to younger people or friends)
- 일부러 그런 거 아니네요. (honourific by '요')
- 일부러 그런 거 아니예요. (honourific by '요')
- 일부러 그런 거 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 일부러 : (1) [=짐짓•알면서도] on purpose; intentionally; knowingly; wittingly (2) [=특히 마음을 내어•특히 일삼아•굳이] specially; expressly
- 그는 일부러 대답을 틀리게 했다 : He gave the wrong answer on purpose
- 너를 만나려고 일부러 여기 온 거야 : I came here expressly to see you[with the express purpose of seeing you]

* 그러다 : a short form of 그러하게 하다 : do so; do such; do like that
* 그런 : past tense or present perfect of 그러다; this means (1) "such, like, that kind[sort] of" (2) "done such"
- 그는 그런 사람이 아니다 : He is not that kind of guy

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* -가 : a particle makes 거 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* -이 : a particle makes 것 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 것 : a thing
* -이 : a particle makes 것 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 그런 거 = 그런 것= 그렇게 한 것 : That's what I did

* 그렇게 : (1) [=그토록] so, that; (부정문에서) not (all) that, not very (2) [=그런 식으로] so, like that, in that manner, (in) that way; as such
- 오늘은 그렇게 춥지 않다 : It's not that cold today
- 저는 그렇게 생각하지 않습니다 : I don't think so

* 아니다 : be not

* 아닙니다 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -예요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ' / ‘-요’

2022-09-15

Let's learn about "화장실 가야 돼요"

화장실 가야 돼요 : I have to go to the bathroom

[other expressions]
- 화장실 가야  된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 화장실 가야  되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 화장실 가야  돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 화장실 가야  되네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 화장실 가야  돼요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 화장실 가야  됩니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* 화장실 : toilet; bathroom
* -에 : a place particle means "at/on/in/to"; this omitted

* 가다 : go
* 가야 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -야(a connection suffix between two verbs; this used as the form of -야 하다 or -야 되다)

* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do (3) [-야 되다] have to; should; must

* 된다 : present form of 되다 by '-ㄴ'

* -야 하다 = -야 되다 : have to do; must do; should do

* 돼 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -어 / -네 / -다 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 / -네 + -요 : honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "푹 쉬어"

푹 쉬어 : Get some rest

[other expressions]
- 푹 쉬어. (to younger people or friends)
- 푹 쉬어라. (to younger people or friends)
- 푹 쉬어요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 푹 쉬세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 푹 쉬시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 푹 쉬시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 푹 쉬십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 푹 : (1) [찌르는 모양] hard; through
- 푹 찌르다 : stab through / plunge / thrust home
- 사나이는 날카로운 칼로 가슴이 푹 찔렸다 : The man was stabbed in the chest with a sharp knife
- 그녀의 말 한마디가 내 가슴을 푹 찔렀다 : Her remark to me really hit home
(2) [뒤집어쓰거나 싸는 모양] completely; entirely
- 모자를 푹 눌러쓰다 : pull[flap] one's hat over one's eyes / wear one's hat pulled low over one's eyes
- 눈이 온 땅을 푹 덮었다 : The snow covered the ground completely
- 그는 담요를 머리 위로 푹 덮어썼다 : He pulled the blankets (up) over his head
- 그녀는 자기 아기를 담요로 푹 둘러쌌다 : She wrapped her baby up in a blanket
(3) [잠자는 모양] fast; sound(ly)
- 푹자다 : sleep soundly / be sound asleep / sleep like a top[log
(4) [쉬는 모양] thoroughly; completely; quite
- 푹쉬다 : rest up / rest completely / have a good slack
(5) [흠씬] thoroughly; well; through
- 고기를 푹 삶다 : do meat thoroughly
- 푹 젖다 : be wet[soaked] through[to the skin]
- 그는 온천에 몸을 푹 담가 피로를 풀었다 : The long soak in the hot spring soothed his tired body
(6) [빠지거나 팬 모양] deep; deeply
- 푹 파다 : dig deep(ly)
- 진창에 푹 빠지다 : be caught[stuck] deep in the mud
- 악의 구렁텅이에 푹 빠지다 : be up to one's neck in crime / be steeped in vice
- 그는 고개를 푹 숙였다 : His head sank forward on his breast
- 편안하고 조용한 생활에 그는 푹 잠겨 있었다 : He enjoyed a life of peace and tranquillity to the full
- 그는 그녀에게 푹 빠졌다 : He felt head over heels in love with the woman. / He fell headlong for the woman
(7) [쓰러지는 모양] with a clash[thud]; plump; flop
- 푹 쓰러지다 : fall with a clash[thud] / fall flat[plump]
(8) [갑자기 줄어든 모양] sharply
- 푹 줄다 : decrease[decline / fall off] sharply[remarkably]
- 지붕이 눈의 무게로 푹 꺼졌다 : The roof suddenly caved in under the weight of the snow
(9) [고개를 깊이 숙이는 모양]
- 고개를 푹 숙이다 : bow one's head far down / sink one's head on one's breast[chest]
(10) [썩는 모양] rotting completely
- 그 고기는 푹 썩었다 : The meat rotten completely

* 쉬다 : take [have] a rest; relax; sleep

* 쉬어 : 쉬(the stem of 쉬다;) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 쉬어라 : 쉬(the stem of 쉬다;) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 쉬세요 : 쉬(the stem of 쉬다) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 쉬셔요 : 쉬(the stem of 쉬다) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 쉬시지요 : 쉬(the stem of 쉬다) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 쉬십시오 : 쉬(the stem of 쉬다)  + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Let's learn about "우리 얘기 좀 해요"

우리 얘기 좀 해요 : Can we talk?

[other expressions]
- 우리 얘기 좀 하자. (to younger people or friends)
- 우리 얘기 좀 해. (to younger people or friends)
- 저희 얘기 좀 해요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저희 얘기 좀 합시다. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 저희 얘기 좀 하지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 저희 얘기 좀 하시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 저희 얘기 좀 하십시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 우리 : we (non-honourific word)
* 저희 : we (honourific word)

* 이야기 : story; talk
* 얘기 : a short form of 이야기
* -를 : a particle makes 얘기 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 좀 : (1) a little; a bit (2) please in the sentence

* 하다 : do

* 이야기하다 = 얘기하다 = 이야기를 하다 = 얘기를 하다 : (1) speak (to a person); converse (with a person); [=담화하다] talk (to a person); [=잡담하다] chatter (with a person); gossip (about a person, matter); have a talk [chat] (with a person)
(2) talk (about, on); tell; speak (of, about)
(3) tell (a story); give an account (of a matter); relate; [=나레이션을 하다] narrate (a story)
(4) [=말하다] say
(5) [=진술하다] state; relate; tell
(6) [=토론하다] talk with (a person) about (a matter); consult with (a person); discuss (a matter) with (a person)

* 하자 : 하(the stem of  하다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 해 : 하(the stem of  하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 해요 : 하(the stem of  하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 하시지요 : 하(the stem of  하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 합시다 : 하(the stem of  하다)  + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 하십시다 : 하(the stem of  하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* a verb + -자 / -어 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -십시다 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ'