Let's learn about "전화번호가 바뀌었어요

전화번호가 바뀌었어요  :I changed my phone number; I now have a new number.

ex)

A. 전화번호가 바뀌었어요 : I changed my phone number.

B. 아, 알려 주세요 : Oh, give it to me.

A. 010-1234-5678입니다 : The number is now 010-1234-5678

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화번호가 바뀌었다. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 바뀌었네. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 바뀌었어. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 바뀌었는데! (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 바꿨다. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 바꿨네. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 바꿨어. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 바꿨는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화번호가 바뀌었네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호가 바뀌었어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호가 바뀌었는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호가 바꿨네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호가 바꿨어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호가 바꿨는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화번호가 바뀌었습니다. (more honourific by '시')

- 전화번호가 바꿨습니다. (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 내 : I; my (non-honourific word)

* 제 : I; my (honourific word)

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -의 : a suffix makes 나 / 저 possesive

* 나의 = 내 : my (non-honourific word)

* 저의 = 제 : my (honourific word)

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : [番號] number

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 번호 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* 바꾸다 : change

* 바뀌다 : passive form of 바꾸다 by '-이-'; 꾸 + -이- contracted into 뀌

* 바뀌었다 : past tense of 바뀌다 by '-었-'

* 바꿨다 : a short form of 바뀌었다; 뀌 + -었 contracted into 꿨

* 바뀌었는데요 : 바뀌었(the stem of 바뀌었다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 바뀌었어요 : 바뀌었(the stem of 바뀌었다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 바뀌었습니다 : 바뀌었(the stem of 바뀌었다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 아! : Oh

* 나 / 내 : I; me (non-honourific word)

* 저 / 제 : I; me (honourific word) 

* 나에게 / 나한테 / 저에게 / 저한테 : to me; this omitted

* 좀 : a bit with the nuance of "Please"

* 알다 : know

* 알리다 : let someone know; casautive form of 알다 by '-리-'

* 알려 : 알리(the stem of 알리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + 여(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 알려 주세요 : please inform me of ~

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 010-1234-5678 : [Pronunciation: 공일공 일이삼사에 오육칠팔]

* 이다 : be

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "3시까지는 전화가 안 될 거예요"

3시까지는 전화가 안 될 거예요 : You can’t reach me until 3 p.m; I won’t be able to get it until 3 p.m

ex)

A. 오후 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 거예요 : You can’t reach me until 3 p.m.

B. 좋아요. 그럼 세 시 이후에 하죠. 그래도 되죠? : Alright then. I’ll call you after 3. Is that okay?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 거다. (to younger people or friends)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 거네. (to younger people or friends)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 거야. (to younger people or friends)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 것이다. (to younger people or friends)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 것이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 것이야. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 거네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 거예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 겁니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 것이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 것이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 3시까지는 전화가 안 될 것입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

* [Memo]

* Extreme honorifics(극존칭) are not used when the subject(주어) is not a person(사람). In other words, extreme honorifics(극존칭) are used only when the subject(주어) is a person(사람) :  주어가 사람이 아닌 경우는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 즉, 주어가 사람인 경우에만 극존칭을 사용한다

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저 : I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 3시 : [Pronunciation: 세시] [=세 시] 3 o'clock

* -까지 : till; untill

* -는 : a suffix emphasizes 3시까지

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 되다 : be possibel; can; be able to do

* 될 : 쉬시(the stem of 되다; 되 + -ㄹ contracted into 될) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 거 / 것 : this makes 될 infinitive or genrund in English

* 이다 : be

* -을/-를/-ㄹ 거다 = * -을/-를/-ㄹ 것이다 : This creates a sentence that the speaker guesses like "I think that ~; I guess that ~"

* -입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -(이)다 / -(이)네 / -(이)야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다

* a noun + -(이)네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a noun + -이에요 / -예요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ'

* -이에요 : this is used after a word ends in a consonant

ex) 생각뿐이에요 : I think of you only

* -예요 : : this is used after a word ends in a vowel

ex) 바다예요 : this is the sea

* 좋은 : [Pronunciation: 조은] good; great

* 좋다 : [Pronunciation: 조타] (1) be good; be great (2) alright in the sentence

* 좋아요 : [Pronunciation: 조아요] 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(a honourific ending suffix)

* 그러하다 / 그렇다 : be such

* 그래 : (1) [긍정의 대답(an affirmative answer)] yes; ok; okay [부정 의문문(a negative question)] no (2) [감탄•가벼운 놀라움] a word indicates an exclamation;a slight surprise

* 그래요? : 그래 + -요?(a non-honourific interrogative ending suffix)

* 그럼 = 그러면 : then

* 3시 : [Pronunciation: 세시] [=세 시] 3 o'clock

* 이후 : [以後] [=금후] after this; from now on[this time (on)]; [=그 후] after that time; since then; from that time on; afterward(s); [=그후 지금까지] ever since

- 그때 이후 지금까지 : from that time down to this day

* -에 : a time suffix

* 하다 : (1) do (2) call in the sentecen

* 그러하다 / 그리하다 / 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그럳타] be so; be such

* 그래도 : a short form of 그리하여도 / 그러하여도 <-- 그러하다(be such; do such) + -여도(even though; though)

* 그리하여도 / 그러하여도 / 그래도 : but (still); and yet; nevertheless; though; still; however; all the same; for all that; at any rate; like that

* 되다 : be possible; can; be able to do

* 되죠? : a short form of 되지요?

* 되지요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -지(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an hokourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능한가요?"

이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능한가요? = 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되는가요?: Are you at this number all the time?; Are you always at this number?; Can I reach you at this number all the time?

ex)

A. 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능해요? : Are you at this number all the time?

B. 대부분 그래요. 휴가때만 아니라면요 : Most of the time, but not when I’m on vacation

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능하니? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능하나? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능하지? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능하냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능한가? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능한지? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능해? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되니? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되나? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되지? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 돼? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능하나요? (honourific by '-요')

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능해요? (honourific by '-요')

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능할지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능할까요? (honourific by '-요')

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능한지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능한가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 가능합니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 되는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 돼요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이 번호로 하면 항상 연락이 됩니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

* [Memo]

* Extreme honorifics(극존칭) are not used when the subject(주어) is not a person(사람). In other words, extreme honorifics(극존칭) are used only when the subject(주어) is a person(사람) :  주어가 사람이 아닌 경우는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 즉, 주어가 사람인 경우에만 극존칭을 사용한다

[explanations]

* 이 : this

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : [番號] number

* -으로/-로 : by using phone; A postpositional particle that indicates a thought about something(어떤 사물에 대하여 생각하는 바를 나타내는 조사)

* 하다 : (1) do (2) call in the sentence

* -하면 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -면(if)

* 항상 : [=늘•어느 때나] [恒常] always; all the time; usually; habitually; ceaselessly; continuously

* 연락 : [Pronunciation: 열락] (1) [=기쁨•희열] merrymaking, (2) [=관계] connection; connexion; [=연계{ liaison, communication; [=접촉] contact; touch

* -이 : a particle makes 연락 subjective after a word ends in a consonant; this can be omitted

* 가능 : possibility

* 가능한 : possible

* 가능하다 : be possible

* 가능한가? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다; 하 + -ㄴ contracted into 한) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 가능한지? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다; 하 + -ㄴ contracted into 한) + -ㄴ지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는지 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 가능해? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 가능할지요? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 가능할까요? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 가능한지요? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다) + -ㄴ지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 가능한가요? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 가능합니까? : 가능하(the stem of 가능하다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄹ지? / -ㄹ까? / -ㄴ지? / -ㄴ가? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -ㄹ지? / -ㄹ까? / -ㄴ지? / -ㄴ가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

* 되다 : [as the form of -가/이 되다•-도 되다] [=가능하다] be possible

* -이 되다 / -가 되다 : be possible

* -도 되다 : be possible also

* 되는가? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 되는지? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 돼? : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -어 contracted into 돼) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 돼요? : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 됩니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘

* 대부분 = 거의 : amost

* 그러하다 / 그리하다 / 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그럳타] be so; be such

* 그래요 : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ erased before 아; 러 + -아 contracted into 래) + -아(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 휴가 : [休暇] a holiday; a vacation; time off; [=말미] a leave of absence; (a) furlough

* 때 : when; the time

* -만 : only

* 아니다 : be not

* 아니라면요 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -라면(A final ending used when assuming a certain fact or situation: 어떠한 사실이나 상황을 가정하는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미)

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;사무실로 전화 주세요&quot;

사무실로 전화 주세요 : Call me at my office; I’ll be in my office. Catch me there; Please get me at the office.

010-123-4567로 전화 주세요 : Call me at 010-123-4567; I’ll be at 010-123-4567; You can reach me at 010-123-4567.

ex)

A. 어디로 전화할까요? : Where can I reach you?

B. 사무실에 있을 거예요. 거기로 하시면 돼요 : I’ll be in my office. You can catch me there

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 사무실로 전화 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 사무실로 전화 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 사무실로 전화 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 사무실로 전화 주겠니? (to younger people or friends)

- 사무실로 전화 주겠나? (to younger people or friends)

- 사무실로 전화 주겠냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 사무실로 전화 주겠어? (to younger people or friends)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주겠니? (to younger people or friends)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주겠나? (to younger people or friends)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주겠냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주겠어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 사무실로 전화 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 사무실로 전화 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 사무실로 전화 주겠나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 사무실로 전화 주겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주겠나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 사무실로 전화 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 사무실로 전화 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 사무실로 전화 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 사무실로 전화 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 사무실로 전화 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 사무실로 전화 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 사무실로 전화 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 사무실로 전화 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 사무실로 전화 주겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘스’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 010-123-4567로 전화 주겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 사무실 : [事務室] office <-- 사무(事務] [=주로 책상에서 처리하는 일] clerical work; desk work[job]; office work[jobs / labor]; [=실무] business; [=업무] affairs) + 실(room)

* 010-123-4567 : [Pronunciation: 공일공 일이삼에 사오육칠]

* -으로/-로 : to; A postpositional particle that indicates the direction of movement(움직임의 방향을 나타내는 조사)

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* 주다 : give

* 전화를 주다 = 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")

* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 어디 : where

* -으로/-로 : to; A postpositional particle that indicates the direction of movement(움직임의 방향을 나타내는 조사)

* 전화할까요? : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 사무실 : [事務室] office <-- 사무(事務] [=주로 책상에서 처리하는 일] clerical work; desk work[job]; office work[jobs / labor]; [=실무] business; [=업무] affairs) + 실(room)

* -에 : a place suffix

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻다; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] be; exist

* 있을 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 거 / 것 : this makes 있을 infinitive or genrund in English

* 이다 : be

* -입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* -이에요 : this is used after a word ends in a consonant

ex) 생각뿐이에요 : I think of you only

* -예요 : : this is used after a word ends in a vowel

ex) 바다예요 : this is the sea

* 거기 : there

* -으로/-로 : to; A postpositional particle that indicates the direction of movement(움직임의 방향을 나타내는 조사)

* 하다 : (1) do (2) dial in the sentence

* 하시다 : an honourific word of 하다 by '-시-'

* 하시면 : 하시(the stem of 하시다) + -면(A connective ending used when the preceding statement becomes the reason or condition of the following statement: 뒤에 오는 말에 대한 근거나 조건이 됨을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do

* V-(으)면 되다/ 안 되다 grammar : can, it's ok to / shouldn't, be not allowed

* 돼요? : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -어 contracted into 돼) + -어?(a declarative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "전화로 말씀드리기 복잡합니다"

전화로 말씀드리기 복잡합니다 = 전화로 말씀드리기 어렵습니다 : It’s hard to talk over a telephone; It’s too complicated of a matter to explain on the phone; It’s too difficult to go over with you on the phone.

* (사건·문제)에 대해 이야기하다/논의하다 : go over

ex)

A. SAT에서 더 좋은 점수 얻는 방법을 알려 주시겠어요? : Could you tell me how to get a better score on my SAT?

B. 그 문제는 전화로 설명하기 복잡하고 어려운데요 : That matter is too complicated and difficult to talk over a telephone

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화로 말하기 복잡하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화로 말하기 복잡하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화로 말하기 복잡해. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화로 말하기 복잡한데. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화로 말하기 어렵다. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화로 말하기 어렵네. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화로 말하기 어려워. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화로 말하기 어려운데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화로 말하기 복잡하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 전화로 말하기 복잡해요. (honourific by '요')

- 전화로 말하기 복잡한데요. (honourific by '요')

- 전화로 말씀드리기 복잡합니다. (honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 전화로 말하기 어렵네요. (honourific by '요')

- 전화로 말하기 어려운데. (honourific by '요')

- 전화로 말하기 어려워요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화로 말씀드리기 어렵습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -으로/-로 : by using; A postpositional particle that indicates a thought about something(어떤 사물에 대하여 생각하는 바를 나타내는 조사)

* 말 : a word (non-honourific word)

* 말씀 : a word (honourific word)

* 말하다 = 말을 하다 : say; tell; speak

* 말씀하다 = 말씀을 하다 : an honourific form of 말하다 to the elderly, customer or unfamiliar people; in general, this is used as the form of 말씀하시다 / 말씀을 하시다

* 주다 : give

* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* 말씀(을) 드리다 = 말씀드리다 : an honourific phrase of 말하다

* 말하기 : an noun form of 말하다 by '-기'

* 말씀 드리기 : an noun form of 말씀 드리다 by '-기'

* -가 : a particle makes 말하기 / 말씀 드리기 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 복잡 : [複雜] complexity; complication; intricacy; involvedness

* 복잡한 : complicated; complex; intricate

* 복잡하다 : be complicated; be complex; be intricate

* 복잡하게 : an adverb form of 복잡한

* 복잡한데요 : 복잡하(the stem of 복잡하다; 하 + -ㄴ contracted into 한) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 복잡해요 : 복잡하(the stem of 복잡하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 복잡합니다 : 복잡하(the stem of 복잡하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 어려운 : difficult

* 어렵다 : be difficut

[Remarks about "ㅂ 불규칙]

In Korean language, All verbs ending in "-ㅂ다" follow the rules below as "ㅂ 불규칙 동사(ㅂ irregular verb)"(“-ㅂ다”로 끝나는 모든 동사는 “ㅂ 불규칙 동사”로서 아래의 규칙을 따른다)

ex)

- 아름답다 : be beautiful --> 아름다운(beautiful), 아름다워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 귀엽다 : be pretty --> 귀여운(pretty), 귀여워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 놀랍다 : be wonderful --> 놀라운(wonderful), 놀라워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 덥다 : be hot in weather --> 더운(hot in weather), 더워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 춥다 : be cold in weather --> 추운(hot in weather), 추워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 아깝다 : be precious --> 아까운(precious), 아까워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]

* ㅂ is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away

(1) the ㅂ of 어렵다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

(2) 어려운: an adjective form of 어렵다; this is from 어려 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb into an adjective)

(3) 어려워 : 어렵(the stem of 어렵다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 어렵습니다 : 어렵(the stem of 어렵다) +  -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 / -ㄴ데 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -는데 / -ㄴ데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix by '-요'

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-습-' / '-ㅂ'

* 사건 : [Pronunciation: 사껀] [事件] [=주목을 끌 만한 일] (큰) an event; (우발적인) a happening; (작은) an incident; (문제가 되는) a matter; an affair; (살인·도난 등의) a case; [=사고] an accident; [=음모] a plot; [=말썽] complications; a trouble; a difficulty; [=추문] a scandal

* 문제 : [問題] [=해결해야 할 일] a question; a problem; [=쟁점] an issue; [=과제] a subject

* -에 : about

* 대해 = 대하여 : with regard to; in respect of

* 이야기 = 얘기 : story

* 이야기를 하다 = 얘기를 하다 = 이야기하다 = 얘기하다 : Have a conversation

* 논의 : [論議] (서로 주장하는) (an) argument; [=토의] (a) discussion; [=논쟁] (a) dispute; [=토론] a debate

* 논의하다 : discuss ; argue ; debate

- 그 문제는 논의할 가치가 없다 : The matter is not worth discussing

- 계획에 대해서는 충분히 논의하였다 : We discussed the plan through and through. / We had a thorough discussion of the plan

* SAT : a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. Since its debut in 1926

* -에서 : a place suffix means "on"

* 더 : more

* 좋은 : [Pronunciation: 조은] good; great

* 좋다 : [Pronunciation: 조타] be good; be great

* 점수 : [點數] [=성적을 나타내는 숫자] marks; the number of marks

- 점수를 매기다 : give marks / give his percentile score / rate <80％> / award points

- 나는 좋은 점수를 따고 싶다 : I'd like to get good marks

* -를 : a particle makes 점수 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 얻다 : [Pronunciation: 얻따] get; obtain

* 얻는 : 얻(the stem of 얻다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 방법 : [方法] [=목적을 이루기 위해 취하는 방식] a way; [=체계적인 방법] a method; [=방책] a plan; a system; [=…식·양식] a manner; [=수단] a means; [=책략] a scheme; a device; a program; [=조치] a step; a measure; [=과정] a process; [=절차] a procedure; [=처방] a recipe; a formula

* 을 : particle makes 방법 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 나에게 / 나한테 / 저에게 / 저한테 : to me; this omitted

* 좀 : a bit with the nuance of "Please"

* 알다 : know

* 알리다 : let someone know; casautive form of 알다 by '-리-'

* 알려 : 알리(the stem of 알리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + 여(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 알려 주세요 : please inform me of ~

* 주시겠어요? : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 그 : that

* 문제 : [問題] (1) [=답을 구하는 질문] a question; (해답에 계산·작도(作圖) 등을 필요로 하는) a problem (2) [=해결해야 할 일] a question; a problem; [=쟁점] an issue; [=과제] a subject (3) [=물의] public discussion[comment] (4) [=의문] a question (5) [=관련된 일] a matter; a question; an affair (6) [=말썽] trouble

- 문제 있어요? : Do you have a problem? 

- 무슨 문제 있어요? : Were there any problems?

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -으로/-로 : by using; A postpositional particle that indicates a thought about something(어떤 사물에 대하여 생각하는 바를 나타내는 조사)

* 설명 : [說明] explanation; account; exposition; interpretation; elucidation; [=도해] illustration; presentation; enucleation; description;(도표 등의)a legend;(사진 등의)a caption

- 설명적인 : explanative / explanatory / illustrative / expositive / elucidative / elucidatory

- 설명조로 : in a recitative tone

- …의 설명으로서 : in explanation[illustration] of

* 설명하다 : explain; give an explanation ; account ; give an account ; interpret; make clear; elucidate; describe; expound; illustrate

- 설명할 수 있는 : explainable / explicable

- 설명할 수 없는 : unexplainable / inexplicable

- 슬라이드로 설명하다 : illustrate with[by] slides

- 대충 설명하다 : explain briefly[roughly] / give a brief explanation

- 자세히 설명하다 : explain in details[at large / at length]

- 왜 그런 행동을 했는지 설명해 보시오 : Please account for your conduct

* 설명하기 : a noun form of 설명하다 by '-기'

* -가 : a particle makes 설명하기 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 복잡하고 : 복잡하(the stem of 복잡하다) + -고(and)

* 어려운데요 : 어렵(the stem of 어렵다; ㅂ(V)+ 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation; 우 + -ㄴ contracted into 운) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "전화해요"

전화해요 = 전화 주세요 : Call me; Give me a call/ring; Buzz me

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화해. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화해라. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화할래. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화할래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화하실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화하세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화하셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화하시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화하시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 전화하십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화하시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화하시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 전화 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 주겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (non-honourific word)

* -에게 = -한테 : to; towards; this omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* 하다 : do

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화(를) 주다 = 전화(를) 드리다: call someone by one’s phone

* 전화해 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~")

* 전화해라 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~")

* 전화할래 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -ㄹ래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~")

* 전화해요 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -아(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 전화할래요 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -ㄹ래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 전화하실래요 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 전화하세요 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 전화하셔요 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 전화하시지요 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 전화하십시오 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~")

* 전화하시겠어요 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 전화하시겠습니까 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~")

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~" or "please ~"

* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Do ~" or "please ~"

* 주다 : give

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")

* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

Let's learn about "전화번호 좀 알려 주세요"

전화번호 좀 알려 주세요 : Can I get your number?; What’s your number?; Give me a number where I can reach you; Can I have your phone number?; Where can I reach you?

ex)

A. 전화번호 좀 알려 줘 : Can I have your phone number?

B. 내 번호 알잖아 : You have my number.

A. 알아. 내 말은 집 전화번호 말이야 : I know. I meant your home number

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화번호 좀 알려 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주겠니? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주겠나? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주겠냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주겠어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화번호 좀 알려 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주겠나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 좀 알려 주겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : [番號] number

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (non-honourific word)

* -에게 = -한테 : to; towards

* 나에게 / 나한테 / 저에게 / 저한테 : to me; this omitted

* 좀 : a bit with the nuance of "Please"

* 알다 : know

* 알리다 : let someone know; casautive form of 알다 by '-리-'

* 알려 : 알리(the stem of 알리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + 여(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 알려 주세요 : please inform me of ~

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")

* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 내 : I; my (non-honourific word)

* 제 : I; my (honourific word)

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -의 : a suffix makes 나 / 저 possesive

* 나의 = 내 : my (non-honourific word)

* 저의 = 제 : my (honourific word)

* 번호 : [番號] number

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* 알잖아 : 알(the stem of 알다) + -잖아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* -잖아(요) : this expresses certainty or his insistence to carry one’s point or opinion; An expression used to check with or correct the listener on something about a certain situation(어떤 상황에 대해 말하는 사람이 상대방에게 확인하거나 정정해 주듯이 말함을 나타내는 표현)

example) 

(1) -있잖아 / -있잖니 : guess what : I’ll tell you what

(2) 걔가 했다고 했잖아(요) or 그 애가 했다고 내가 분명히 말했다 : I’m sure he did. / I said to you that he did

(3) 내가 확실히 말했잖아요 or 내가 분명히 얘기 했잖아요 : I'm sure I told you

* 알아 : 알(the stem of 알다) + -아(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 나의 = 내 : my (non-honourific word)

* 저의 = 제 : my (honourific word)

* 말 : word

* -은 : a particle makes 말 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 너의 = 네 : your (honourific word); this omitted

* 집 : (1) home (2) house

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : [番號] number

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* 말이야 : 말 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -야(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "어떻게 연락할 수 있나요?"

어떻게 연락할 수 있나요? 전화번호 주시겠어요? : How could I get a hold of you? Could I get your number?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있니? (to younger people or friends)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있나? (to younger people or friends)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있어? (to younger people or friends)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있을까? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있을까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 어떻게 연락할 수 있으실까요? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 전화번호 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 전화번호 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화번호 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 어떻다 : [Pronunciation: 어떧타] be how

* 어떻게 : [Pronunciarion: 어떠케] (1) [=어찌] how; in what way[manner]; by what means (2) [=몹시] how (much); what; so; to what extent (3) [=어떻게든] anyway; anyhow (4) [=무엇] what

- 이 소란을 어떻게(든) 좀 해주시오 : Do something about this racket

* 연락 : [Pronunciation: 열락] (1) [=기쁨•희열] merrymaking, (2) [=관계] connection; connexion; [=연계{ liaison, communication; [=접촉] contact; touch

* 연락하다 : [Pronunciation: 열락하다] (1) communicate (2) [=도착하다•도달하다] get to

* 연락할 : 연락하(the stem of 연락하다: 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 연락할 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'

* 있을까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(s suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 있을까요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(s suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 있으신가요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있으신지요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 있으실까요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(s suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb 

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? / -는지? / -을까?: a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? / -는지? / -을까? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -으세요? / -으십니까? / -으실까요? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저: I (honourific word)

* -에게 / -한테 : to; toward

* -께 : an honourific word of  -에게 / -한테

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : [番號] number

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this can be omitted

* 주다 : give

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")

* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;뭐 좀 물어보려고요&quot;

뭐 좀 물어보려고요 = 뭘 좀 물어 보고 싶어요 : There’s something I’d like to ask you; I want to ask you something; I have some questions

궁금한 게 있어요 : There’s something I was wondering about

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고. (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고 한다. (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고 하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고 하는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고 해. (to younger people or friends)

- 뭘 좀 물어보고 싶다. (to younger people or friends)

- 뭘 좀 물어보고 싶네. (to younger people or friends)

- 뭘 좀 물어보고 싶어. (to younger people or friends)

- 뭘 좀 물어보고 싶은데. (to younger people or friends)

- 궁금한 게 있다. (to younger people or friends)

- 궁금한 게 있네. (to younger people or friends)

- 궁금한 게 있는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 궁금한 게 있어. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고요. (honourific by '-요')

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고 하네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고 하는데요. (honourific by '-요')

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고 해요. (honourific by '-요')

- 뭐 좀 물어보려고 합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 뭘 좀 물어보고 싶네요. (honourific by '요')

- 뭘 좀 물어보고 싶어요. (honourific by '요')

- 뭘 좀 물어보고 싶은데요. (honourific by '요')

- 궁금한 게 있네요. (honourific by '요')

- 궁금한 게 있어요. (honourific by '요')

- 궁금한 게 있는데요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 뭘 좀 물어보고 싶습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 궁금한 게 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 난 : a short form of 나는

* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇을

* 뭘 : a short form of 무엇을

* 무엇 : what

* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 좀 : a bit with the nuance of "Please"

* 물어보다 : ask <--묻(the stem of 묻다; ㄷ changed into ㄹ before -어) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs) + 보다

* -아 보다 / -아 보다 / -여 보다 : do with effort

* 물어보려고 : 물어보(the stem of 물어보다) + -려고

* the stem of a verb + -려고 : in order to do; A connective ending used to indicate that one has an intention or desire of doing a certain act: 어떤 행동을 할 의도나 욕망을 가지고 있음을 나타내는 연결 어미

* the stem of a verb + -려고요 : in order to do; An honourific final ending suffix used to indicate that the speaker has the intention or desire to do a certain act: 어떤 행동을 할 의도나 욕망을 가지고 있음을 나타내는 종결어미

* 하다 : do

* 물어보려고 하다 : I wan to ask someone of something

* 하는데 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 해요 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 합니다 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㅂ contracted into 합) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 물어보고 : 물어보(tje stem of 물어보다) + -고(in order to; connective suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope

* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 물어보고 싶다 : I wan to ask someone of something

* 싶은데요 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -은데/-ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 싶습니다 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 궁금한 : anxious[worried / concerned / nervous]

* 궁금하다 : (1) be anxious[worried / concerned / nervous] ; (2) feel wonder[curious / curiosity]; wonder

- 소식이 궁금하다 : be anxious to hear from

- 시험 결과가 궁금하다 : be worried about the result of the examination

- 무슨 일이 일어났는지 궁금하다 : I wonder what happened

- 그들의 안부가 궁금하다 : I am anxious to know how they are

* 궁금하시다 : an honourific form of 궁금하다 by '-시-'

* 궁금하신 : 궁금하시(the stem of 궁금하시다; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 게 = 거 : a short form of 것이 and

* 거 : a short form of 것

* -이 : a particle makes 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* -가 : a particle makes 거 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do 

* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'

* 있는데요 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -은데 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -은데 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "존이 전화해 보라고 했어요"

존이 전화해 보라고 했어요 : John told me to call; John had me call.

ex)

A. 이 번호는 또 누가 알려 줬나요? : Who gave you this number again?

B. 존이 전화해 보라고 했어요. 존 스미스요 : John told me to call. John Smith

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 존이 전화해 보라고 했다. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이 전화해 보라고 했네. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이 전화해 보라고 했어. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이 전화해 보라고 했는데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 존이 전화해 보시라고 했네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존이 전화해 보시라고 했어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존이 전화해 보시라고 했는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 존이 전화해 보시라고 했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 존 : John

* -이 : a particle makes 존 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었- contracted into 했

* 전화를 걸다 = 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 전화하시다 : an honourific form of 전화하다 by '-시-'

* 전화하셨다 : past tense of 전화하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 전화해 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) try in the sentence

* 보시다 : an honourific form of 보다 by '-시-'

* -어 보다 / -어 보다 / -여 보다 : try to do

* 보라고 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -라고(quote)

* 보시라고 : 보시(the stem of 보시다) + -라고(quote)

* -라고(quote; A postpositional particle used to indicate that the preceding statement was a quote: 앞말이 원래 말해진 그대로 인용됨을 나타내는 조사)

* -라고 했다 : Someone said to me that ~

* 했어요 : 했(the stem of 했다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 했는데요 : 했(the stem of 했다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 했습니다 : 했(the stem of 했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 이 : this

* 전화 : [電話]  a telephone; a phone

* 번호 : [番號] number

* -는 : a particle makes 전화 번호 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 또 : again

* 누 : a short form of 누구(who)

* -가 : a particle makes 누구 / 누 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 알다 : know

* 알리다 : let someone know; casautive form of 알다 by '-리-'

* 알려 : 알리(the stem of 알리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + 여(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 줬다 : a short form of 주었다; 주 + -었 contracted into 줬

* 주었다 : past tense of 주다 by '-었-'

* 줬나요? : 줬(the stem of 줬다) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 존 스시스 : John Smith

* -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었어요"

그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었어요 = 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했어요 : I just called to say hi; I just called; Called for no reason

ex)

A. 데이비드, 어쩐 일이야? : Hello, David. What’s up?

B. 별일은 아니고. 그냥 안부 전화 걸었어 : Nothing much. I just called to say hi

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었어. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었는데! (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했어. (to younger people or friends)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 걸었습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 그냥 (안부 인사 차) 전화했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 그냥 : (1) [=그대로] as it is; as it stands; intact; in the same way as before; still (2) [=줄곧•계속해서] all the time[way]; (all) through; throughout; continuously (3) [=단지] just; only

- 단지 (조용히) 그냥 앉아 있다 : I'm just sitting quietly

* 안부 : [安否] [=무사 여부] safety; [=지내는 형편] how is; welfare; [=문안] an inquiry; [=문안 인사] regards; wishes

- 안부를 묻다 : inquire[ask] after a person[a person's health]

- 안부를 염려하다 : be concerned about a person's safety

- 안부를 알리다 : let know how one is

- 그의 안부를 모르겠다 : I do not know how he is

* 인사 : (1) greetings, salutation (2) [=소개] introduction

- 인사를 나누다 : (1) exchange greetings [salutations / the time of day] (2) [=서로 소개하다] introduce each other

* 인사하다 : (1) greet; salute; say hello (2) pay one's respects; (3) meet; (4) recognize; (5) present one's compliments (6) [=인사을 드리다(give a person with a honorific bow)] pay a visit of courtesy (7) make a bow ; kowtow; bow ; bow[incline] one's head; make[do] one's manners (8) thank[give thanks to] ; express[offer] one's thanks[gratitude]

차 : [次] [=…하려고] for the purpose of; with the intention of; with the object of

* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call

- 영어로 말을 걸다 : talk to[address] in English

* 걸었다 : past tense of 걸다 by '-었-'

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었- contracted into 했

* 전화를 걸다 = 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 걸었어요 : 걸었(the stem of 걸었다) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 걸었는데요 : 걸었(the stem of 걸었다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 걸었습니다 : 걸었(the stem of 걸었다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 전화했어요 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 전화했는데요 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 전화했습니다 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 데이비드 : David

* 어쩌다 : a short form of 어찌하다 / 어떻게 하다; do something

* 어찌하다 : [여 불규칙] [=어떻게 하다] do something; this is used as the form of "어찌해야•어찌하여•어쩌나•어쩔•어쩐 and so on"

- 어찌해야 할지를 모르다 : do not know what to do

- 어찌하여 내 마음을 이렇게 몰라줍니까? : Why can't you see my heart for you?

- 미안해서 어쩌나 : Oh, my. I'm so sorry

- 어쩔 줄을 모르고 우왕좌왕하다 : be at a loss what to do

* 어쩐 : an adnominal form of 어쩌다; do something for a reason; what business; any business <-- 어쩌(the stem of 어쩌다; 쩌 + -ㄴ contracted into 쩐) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

- 어쩐 일로 오셨어요? = 무슨 일로 오셨어요? = 뭔 일로 오셨어요? : What brings you here?

* 일 : (1) work; job (2) [=문제] a thing; a matter; an affair; a concern (3) [=사고] an accident; [=사건] an incident; an occurrence; an event; a happening; an affair; [=귀찮은 일] trouble (4) [계획·사업] a plan; a program(me); a project; a scheme; an undertaking; [=음모] a plot; a trick

* 이다 : be

* 일이야 : 일 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -야(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 별일 : special event <— 별(special) + 일(thing; event)

* -은 : a particle makes 별일 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 아니다 : be not

* 아니고 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -고(A sentence-final ending usually used when answering, omitting the answering that should follow and finishing the sentence: 주로 대꾸를 할 때 뒤에 올 어떤 답변을 생략하고 문장을 끝맺을 때 쓰는 종결 어미)

Let's learn about "부탁이 있어서요"

부탁이 있어서요 : I called to ask for a favor; There’s something I need you to do; Can you do me a favor?; I need to ask you for a favor.

ex)

  

A. 부탁이 있어서 전화했어 : I called to ask for a favor.

B. 그럴 줄 알았어. 넌 꼭 아쉬울 때만 전화하더라 : I knew it. You only call when you need something

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 부탁이 있어서. (to younger people or friends)

- 부탁이 있어서 전화했다. (to younger people or friends)

- 부탁이 있어서 전화했네. (to younger people or friends)

- 부탁이 있어서 전화했어. (to younger people or friends)

- 부탁이 있어서 전화했는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 부탁이 있어서요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 부탁이 있어서 전화했네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 부탁이 있어서 전화했어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 부탁이 있어서 전화했는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 부탁이 있어서 전화했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 부탁이 있어서 전화(를) 드렸습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 부탁 : a request; a favor

* -을 : a suffix makea 부탁 objective after a word ends a consonant; this omitted

* 하다 : do

* 부탁하다 = 부탁을 하다 : ask for; request; make a request; bet; ask a favor of; petition for; beg; solicit

* 부탁한다 : a present form of 부탁하다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다(give)

* 부탁드리다 : an honourific form of 부탁하다

* -이 : a particle makes 부탁 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있어서요 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -어서/-아서/-여서(because of; A final ending used to indicate a reason or cause: 이유나 근거를 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 하시다 : an honourific form of 하다 by '-시-'

* 하셨다 : past tense of 하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 드렸다 : past tense of 드리다 by '-였-'; 리 + -였 contracted into 렸

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 / -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화(를) 주다 = 전화(를) 드리다: call someone by one’s phone

* 했어요 : 했(the stem of 했다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 했는데요 : 했(the stem of 했다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 했습니다 : 했(the stem of 했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 드렸습니다 : 드렸(the stem of 드렸다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 그러하다 / 그리하다 / 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그럳타] be so; be such

* 그럴 : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ of 렇 erased before ㄹ and 러 + -ㄹ contracted into 럴) + -ㄹ(a suffix maked a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 줄 : (1) [=방법] how to ; the way (2) [=셈속] (the fact) that

- 요리할 줄(을) 알다 : know how to cook

- 그는 아무 것도 할 줄(을) 모른다 : He is good for nothing

- 그런 일이 있을 줄은 꿈에도 몰랐다 : I never dreamed[Little did I dream] of such a thing. / That was the last thing I expected to happen

- 그는 내일 올 것이니 그런 줄 아시오 : He will come tomorrow, so please be prepared. / Please hear in mind that he is coming tomorrow

- 네가 이것을 쓴 줄을 그가 어찌 알겠는가 : How should he know that you wrote this?

* -을 : a particle makes 줄 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 알다 : know

* -ㄹ/-을/-를 줄(을) 알다 : know how to do

* 알았다 : past tense of 알다 by '-았-'

* 그럴 줄 알았다 = 그렇게 될 줄 알았다 : I knew it would happen

* 알았어요 : 알갔(the stem of 알았다) + -어(an declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 넌 : a short form of 너는

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 너 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 꼭 : [=틀림없이] certainly; surely; undoubtedly; at any cost; on all accounts; in any case; by all means; by hook or by crook; without fail; always

* 아쉬운 : (1) [=서운한•유감인] regretful; sorry; sad : (2) [=필요한•부족한] want for; wanting

* 아쉽다 = 아쉬워하다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] (1) [=서운하다•유감이다] be sorry; be sad; be regretful (2) [=필요한 것이 없다•부족하다] be want for; be wanting

- 우리는 이별을 아쉬워했다 : We were sorry to have to say goodbye

- 일손 하나가 아쉬운 판이다 : Every bit of help counts

* 아쉬워 : 아쉽(the stem of 아쉽다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

[Remarks about "ㅂ 불규칙]

In Korean language, All verbs ending in "-ㅂ다" follow the rules below as "ㅂ 불규칙 동사(ㅂ irregular verb)"(“-ㅂ다”로 끝나는 모든 동사는 “ㅂ 불규칙 동사”로서 아래의 규칙을 따른다)

ex)

- 아름답다 : be beautiful --> 아름다운(beautiful), 아름다워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 귀엽다 : be pretty --> 귀여운(pretty), 귀여워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 놀랍다 : be wonderful --> 놀라운(wonderful), 놀라워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 덥다 : be hot in weather --> 더운(hot in weather), 더워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 춥다 : be cold in weather --> 추운(hot in weather), 추워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

- 아깝다 : be precious --> 아까운(precious), 아까워(non-honourific descriptive verb)

[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]

* ㅂ is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away

(1) the ㅂ of 아쉽다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

(2) 아쉬운: an adjective form of 아쉽다; this is from 아쉬 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb into an adjective)

(3) 아쉬워 : 아쉽(the stem of 아쉽다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 아쉬울 : 아쉽(the stem of 아쉽다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우 and 우 + -ㄹ contracted into 울) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verv adnominal)

* 때 : when; the time

* -만 : only

* 전화하더라 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다) + -더라/-더라고(A sentence-final ending used to convey in the present a fact the speaker realized anew from the speaker's personal experience: 말하는 이가 직접 경험하여 새롭게 알게 된 사실을 지금 전달함을 나타내는 종결 어미)

Let's learn about "확인차 전화 드렸습니다"

확인차 전화(를) 드렸습니다 : Just checking; Just to make sure; I wanted to make sure

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 확인차 전화했다. (to younger people or friends)

- 확인차 전화했네. (to younger people or friends)

- 확인차 전화했어. (to younger people or friends)

- 확인차 전화했는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 확인차 전화했네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 확인차 전화했어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 확인차 전화했는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 확인차 전화했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 확인차 전화(를) 드렸습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 확인 : [Pronunciation: 화긴] [確認] confirmation; affirmation; certification; validation

* 확인하다 = 확인을 하다 : confirm; affirm; certify; validate; identify; ascertain; make sure

* 확인하시다 = 확인을 하시다  : an honourific word of 확인하다 by '-시-'

* 확인되다 = 확인이 되다 : be confirmed; be affirmed; be cerrified; be validated: be identified; be asxertained

* 확인되지 않은 : unconfirmed / naked

- 않다 : be not

- 않은 : adnominal form of 않다 by '-은'

* 차 : [次] (1) [=…한 김에] while; when; as; by the way; while one is at[about] it (3) [=…하려던 참] time; moment; just as (3) [=…하려고] for the purpose of; with the intention of; with the object of; by way of.ㆍ 연구~ for the purpose of studying (4) [=순서] order; sequence; degree; [=횟수] time

- 서울로 가는 차에 : on the way to Seoul

- 부산에 내려온 차에 들러 봤습니다 : I just dropped in while I was in Pusan

- (막) …하려던 차였다 : was going to / was (just) about to / was on the point[brink / verge] of

- 막 외출하려던 차에 그녀가 왔다 : I was just going out, when she came to see me

- 휴양차 : for (the benefit of) one's health

- 경고차 : by way of warning

- 관광차 서울에 오다  :come to Seoul for sightseeing

- 인사차 방문하다 : pay a courtesy call / call on to pay one's respect

- 그는 사업차 미국에 갔다  :He went to U.S.A. for his business

- 1차 방정식 : a linear[simple] equation / an equation of the first degree

- 1차 코일[전지] : a primary coil[battery]

- 2차 코일[전지] : a secondary coil[battery]

- 제2차 발표 the : second announcement.

- 제2차 세계 대전 : World War Ⅱ

- 제3차 내각 the third cabinet

- 그는 1차 시험에 합격했다 : He passed the primary examination

* 확인차 : in order to check

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 하시다 : an honourific form of 하다 by '-시-'

* 하셨다 : past tense of 하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 드렸다 : past tense of 드리다 by '-였-'; 리 + -였 contracted into 렸

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 / -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화(를) 주다 = 전화(를) 드리다: call someone by one’s phone

* 했어요 : 했(the stem of 했다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 했는데요 : 했(the stem of 했다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 했습니다 : 했(the stem of 했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 드렸습니다 : 드렸(the stem of 드렸다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

   

Let's learn about "의논할 게 있어요"

의논할 게 있어요 : I have something to discuss with you; I’d like to discuss something with you; There’s something I’d like to discuss; There’s something I need to talk to you about.

ex)

A. 무슨 일로 전화하셨는지요? : May I ask what this call is regarding?

B. 네, 스미스 씨와 의논할 게 있어서요 : Yes, there’s something I’d like to discuss with Mr. Smith

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 의논할 게 있다. (to younger people or friends)

- 의논할 게 있네. (to younger people or friends)

- 의논할 게 있는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 의논할 게 있어. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 의논할 게 있네요. (honourific by '요')

- 의논할 게 있는데.! (honourific by '요')

- 의논할 게 있어요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 의논할 게 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 의논 : [議論] consultation; talks; [=협의] conference

* 의논하다 : talk ; consult; confer ; seek[ask] advice.

* 의논드리다 : a respectful form of 의논하다 <— 의논 + 드리다(give with a respectful attitude)

* 의논할 : 의논하(the stem of 의논하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 게 : a short form of 것이

* 것 : (1) a thing (2) a word makes the former adnominal verb to infinitive like English

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do  (3) have

* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'

* 있어요 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -는데 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -는데 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 무슨 : what; which

* 일 : [=문제] a thing; a matter; an affair; a concern

* -으로/-로 : [=때문에] A postpositional particle that indicates the cause of or reason for something(어떤 일의 원인이나 이유를 나타내는 조사)

* 때문에 : because (of)

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : (1) do (2) come in the sentence

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화하시다 : an honourific word of 전화하다 by '-시-“

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 전화하셨다 : past tense of 전화하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 전화하셨는지요? : 전화하셨(the stem of 전화하셨다) + -는지(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 스미쓰 : Smith

* 씨 : (남자에게 붙여서) Mr. ; (여자에게 붙여서) Mrs. ; Miss; Ms

* -와 / -과 : (1) with (2) and

* 의논하다 : talk ; consult; confer ; seek[ask] advice.

* 의논할 : 의논하(the stem of 의논하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 게 : a short form of 것이

* 것 : (1) a thing (2) a word makes the former adnominal verb to infinitive like English

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] have

* 있어서요 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -어서/-아서/-여서(because of; A final ending used to indicate a reason or cause: 이유나 근거를 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "무엇을 도와 드릴까요?"

뭘 도와 드릴까요? = 무엇을 도와 드릴까요? : What can I do for you?; How can I help you?: What can I help you with?; Anything I can do for you?; How can I assist your call?

* 거들다, 돕다 : assist

ex)

A. 무엇을 도와 드릴까요? : What can I do for you today?

B. 거기 대학 프로그램에 어떻게 지원하는지 좀 문의하고 싶어서요 : I would like to ask you some questions on how to apply for undergraduate programs there

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 뭘 도와 줄까? (to younger people or friends)

- 무엇을 도와 줄까? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 뭘 도와 줄까요? (honourific by '-요')

- 무엇을 도와 줄까요? (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 뭘 도와 드릴까요? (honourific by '-요')

- 무엇을 도와 드릴까요? (honourific by '-요')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 뭘 : a short colloquial form of 무엇을

* 무엇 : what

* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 돕다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] [Pronunciation: 돕따; ㅂ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] [=거들다] help

[Remarks about "ㅂ 불규칙]

In Korean language, All verbs ending in "-ㅂ다" follow the rules below as "ㅂ 불규칙 동사(ㅂ irregular verb)"(“-ㅂ다”로 끝나는 모든 동사는 “ㅂ 불규칙 동사”로서 아래의 규칙을 따른다)

[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]

* ㅂ is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away.

(1) the ㅂ of 돕다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

(2) 도운: an adjective form of 돕다; this is from 도 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb into an adjective)

- 그를 도운 사람은 누구예요? : Who helped him?

(3) 도와 : 돕(the stem of 돕다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우) + -아(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄까요? : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a verb + -줄까? : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -줄까? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -ㄹ까요 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요'

* 거기 : there

* 대학 : [大學] (종합 대학) a university; (단과 대학) a college

* 프로그램 : program

* -에 : a place suffix

* 어떻다 : [Pronunciation: 어떧타] be how

* 어떻게 : [Pronunciarion: 어떠케] (1) [=어찌] how; in what way[manner]; by what means (2) [=몹시] how (much); what; so; to what extent (3) [=어떻게든] anyway; anyhow (4) [=무엇] what

- 이 소란을 어떻게(든) 좀 해주시오 : Do something about this racket

* 지원 : [志願] desire; aspiration; application; volunteering

* 지원하다 : apply for

* 지원 : [支援] support; back up; bolster up

* 지원하다 : support

* 지원하는지 : 지원하(the stem of 지원하다) + -는지(A connective ending used to indicate an ambiguous reason or judgment about the following statement: 뒤에 오는 말의 내용에 대한 막연한 이유나 판단을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 좀 : a little with the nuance of "Please"

* 문의 : [問議] an inquiry; a reference; a request for information

- 전화 문의 : a telephone inquiry

- 전화 문의는 삼가하여 주십시오 Please refrain from making inquiries by telephone

* 문의하다 : inquire

* 문의하고 : 문의하(the stem of  문의하다) + -고(in order to do)

* (-고) 싶다 : [Pronunciation: 십따; ㅍ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] hope; want; would like

* 싶은데요 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -은데/ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix has a nuance with hesitation to say) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 싶어서요 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -어서/-아서/-여서(a declarative verb ending suffix means "because of") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "어쩐 일이야?"

어쩐 일이야? : What’s up?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 어쩐 일이니? (to younger people or friends)

- 어쩐 일이냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 어쩐 일이야? (to younger people or friends)

- 어쩐 일인가? (to younger people or friends)

- 어쩐 일인지? (to younger people or friends)

- 어쩐 일인데? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 어쩐 일이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어쩐 일인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어쩐 일인지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어쩐 일인데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어쩐 일입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ'’)

* [Memo]

* Extreme honorifics(극존칭) are not used when the subject(주어) is not a person(사람). In other words, extreme honorifics(극존칭) are used only when the subject(주어) is a person(사람) :  주어가 사람이 아닌 경우는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 즉, 주어가 사람인 경우에만 극존칭을 사용한다

[explanations]

* 어쩌다 : a short form of 어찌하다 / 어떻게 하다; do something

* 어찌하다 : [여 불규칙] [=어떻게 하다] do something; this is used as the form of "어찌해야•어찌하여•어쩌나•어쩔•어쩐 and so on"

- 어찌해야 할지를 모르다 : do not know what to do

- 어찌하여 내 마음을 이렇게 몰라줍니까? : Why can't you see my heart for you?

- 미안해서 어쩌나 : Oh, my. I'm so sorry

- 어쩔 줄을 모르고 우왕좌왕하다 : be at a loss what to do

* 어쩐 : an adnominal form of 어쩌다; do something for a reason; what business; any business <-- 어쩌(the stem of 어쩌다; 쩌 + -ㄴ contracted into 쩐) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

- 어쩐 일로 오셨어요? = 무슨 일로 오셨어요? = 뭔 일로 오셨어요? : What brings you here?

* 일 : (1) work; job (2) [=문제] a thing; a matter; an affair; a concern (3) [=사고] an accident; [=사건] an incident; an occurrence; an event; a happening; an affair; [=귀찮은 일] trouble (4) [계획·사업] a plan; a program(me); a project; a scheme; an undertaking; [=음모] a plot; a trick

* 이다 : be

* 일입니까? : 일 + 이(the stem of 이다)  + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -이니? / -이냐? / -이야? / -인가? / -인지? / /인데? : a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다

* a verb +  -인가? / -인지? / -인데? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -이에요? / -입니까? : an honourific interrgative form of 이다 by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '-요'

Let's learn about "용건이 뭐죠?"

용건이 뭐죠? = 용건이 무엇이에요? : What do you want?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 용건이 뭐니? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 뭐냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 뭐야? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 뭐지? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 뭔가? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 뭔지? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 뭔데? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 무엇이니? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 무엇이냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 무엇이야? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 무엇이지? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 무엇인가? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 무엇인지? (to younger people or friends)

- 용건이 무엇인데? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 용건이 뭐지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 뭐죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?")

- 용건이 뭔가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 뭔지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 뭔데요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 뭐예요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 뭡니까? (formal; honourfic by '-ㅂ')

- 용건이 뭐세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 용건이 뭐셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 용건이 뭐입니까? (more honourific by '시-')

- 용건이 무엇이지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 무엇이죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?")

- 용건이 무엇인가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 무엇인지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 무엇인데요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 무엇이에요? (honourific by '-요')

- 용건이 무엇입니까? (formal; honourfic by '-ㅂ')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 용건이 무엇이세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 용건이 무엇이셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 용건이 무엇이십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

[explanations]

* 용건 : [Pronunciation: 용껀] [用件] [=볼일•용무] business; affairs; [=할 일] things to do; an engagement; work; an errand

* -이 : a particle makes 용건 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 용건이 : [Pronunciation: 용꺼니]

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)

* 뭔 : a short form 무슨(what)

- 뭔 일이세요? = 무슨 일이세요? : What's up?

* 어떤 : [=무슨] what / what kind[sort] of / what ‥ like

- 어떤 학교입니까? = 무슨 학교입니까? :  What kind of school is it?

* 이다 : be 

* 뭔데요? : 뭐(what; 뭐 + -ㄴ contracted into 뭔) + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 erased before ㄴ데) + -ㄴ데?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 뭐예요? : 뭐(what) + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + 여 contracted into 예) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇이에요? : 무엇(what) + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + 어 contracted into 에) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* -예요? should be used after a noun ends in a vowel like 뭐

- 이건 뭐예요? : What is this?

* -이에요? should be used after a noun ends in a consonant like 세일 기간

- 세일 중이에요? : Is it on sale?

* 뭡니까? : 뭐(what; 뭐 + ㅂ contracted into 뭡) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 무엇이세요? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇이셔요? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇입니까? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 무엇이십니까? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 이시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 뭐세요? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 뭐셔요? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 뭐입니까? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -(이)니? / -(이)냐? / -(이)야? / -인가? / -ㄴ가? / -인지? / -ㄴ지? / -(이)지? / -(이)ㄴ데: a questioning form of 이다

* a noun + -인가? / -ㄴ가? / -인지? / -ㄴ지? / -(이)지? / -(이)ㄴ데 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a noun + -예요? / -이에요? / -입니까? / -이세요? / -이셔요? / -이십니까? : an honourific questioning form of 이다 by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ' / '시-'