2022-08-31

Let's learn about "상사병"

* 상사병 : lovesickness

- 우리 누나 요즘 BTS 지민에게 상사병 걸렸나봐 : I guess my sister has a heart attack from BTS Jimin these days

* 상사화 : (1) [=개난초] Lycoris squamigera: magic lily, resurrection lily; a plant that leaves and flowers always miss because they can't meet each other; [=이룰 수 없는 사랑] an unfulfilled love (2) similization

Let's learn about korean Idiom 마른 하늘에 날벼락

마른 하늘에 날벼락 : A bolt from the blue

- 그건 마른 하늘에 날벼락이야 : It is a bolt from the blue

2022-08-30

Let's learn about "니 멋대로 살아"

니 멋대로 살아 = 니 맘대로 살아 : Do whatever you want

[other expressions]

<to younger people or friends>
- 니 멋대로 살아.
- 니 멋대로 살아라.

<to your family; but it's better not to use this because this is rude>
- 오빠 멋대로 살아요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 오빠 멋대로 사세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 오빠 멋대로 사셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 오빠 멋대로 사시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 오빠 멋대로 사시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 오빠 멋대로 사십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 니 / 너 :  you (non-honourific word)
* 오빠 : a person is older than a girl

* 멋대로 : [Pronunciation: 먿때로] as one pleases[likes / wishes]; [=자유 의사로] freely; of one's own accord; of one's (own) free will; [=독단적으로] at one's (own) discretion; arbitrarily; [=무단히] without leave[permission]; in one's own way; willfully; waywardly; selfishly <-- 멋(zest) + -대로(by; according to)

* 멋 : (1) [=고상한 운치] relish; taste; zest; gusto; aroma; flavor; savor; interest; delight; pleasure (2) [=세련된 맵시] dudism; dandyism; foppery

* 맘대로 = 마음대로 : [=하고 싶은 대로] as one pleases[likes / wishes]; at one's pleasure; [=독단으로] at one's (own) discretion; on one's own authority; [=자유 의사로] at (one's own sweet) will; freely; [=무단으로] without leave[permission]; as you please, as you desire, as you wish, however you want <-- 마음•맘(heart; mind) + -대로(by; according to)

* 살다 : live

* 살아 : 살(the stem of 살다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 살아라 : 살(the stem of 살다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 사세요 : 살(the stem of 살다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 사셔요 : 살(the stem of 살다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 사십시오 : 살(the stem of 살다)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")

* a verb + -아 / -아라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Let's learn about "그냥 참아"

그냥 참아 : Just suck it up / Just be patient

[other expressions]
<to the younger or friends>
- 그냥 참아.
- 그냥 참아라.
- 그냥 참게.
- 그냥 참게나.
- 그냥 참을래.

<to anybody>
- 그냥 참을래요.
- 그냥 참아요.
- 그냥 참으세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 그냥 참으셔요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 그냥 참으시지요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 그냥 참으시죠 (more honourific by ‘-시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 그냥 참으십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-십’)
- 그냥 참으시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 그냥 : (1) [=그대로] as it is; as it stands; intact; in the same way as before; still (2) [=줄곧] all the time[way]; (all) through; throughout; continuously (3) [=단지] just; only (these has a nuance of "please"
- 그냥 구경하고 있어요 : I'm just looking
- 우리가 전에 한 말은 그냥 잊어버려 : Please forget what we talked about earlier. 

* 참다 : endure; be patient

* 참아 : 참다 + -아
* 참아라 : 참다 + -아라
* 참을래 : 참자 + -을래
* 참을래요 : 참다 + -을래요

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -게 / -게나 / -을래 : a non-honourific imperative verb suffix means "please"
* a verb + -을래요 / -아요 / -으세요 / -으셔요 / -으시죠 / -으시지요 / -으십시오 / -으시겠어요 : an honourific persuasive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / '시’. these have an imperative nuance and means "please"

Let's learn abour "고양이 좋아해?"

고양이 좋아해? : Do you like cats?
강아지 좋아해? : Do you like dogs?
여행 좋아해? : Do you like travel?

[other expressions]
- 고양이 좋아하니? (to younger people or friends)
- 고양이 좋아하나? (to younger people or friends)
- 고양이 좋아하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 고양이 좋아해? (to younger people or friends)
- 고양이 좋아하는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 고양이 좋아하나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 고양이 좋아해요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 고양이 좋아하는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 고양이 좋아합니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시'’)
- 고양이 좋아하시나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 고양이 좋아하세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 고양이 좋아하셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 고양이 좋아하시는가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 고양이 좋아하십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 고양이 : cat
* -를 : a particle makes 고양이 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 좋아하다 : like

* 좋아해? : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 좋아하는가? : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 좋아합니까? : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다)  + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 좋아하시나요? : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 좋아하세요? : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 좋아하셔요? : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 좋아하시는가요? : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -는가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 좋아하십니까? : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가 / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -십니까? / -세요? / -셔요? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '시'

Let's learn about "잠깐 시간 돼?"

잠깐 시간 돼? : Got a moment / Do you have time a little?

ex) 잠깐 시간 돼? 할 얘기가 있는데... : Do you have time? I need to talk to you...

[other expressions]
- 잠깐 시간 되니? (to younger people or friends)
- 잠깐 시간 되나? (to younger people or friends)
- 잠깐 시간 되냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 잠깐 시간 돼? (to younger people or friends)
- 잠깐 시간 될까? (to younger people or friends)
- 잠깐 시간 되는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 잠깐 시간 되나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잠깐 시간 돼요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잠깐 시간 될까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잠깐 시간 되는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 잠깐 시간 됩니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 잠깐 시간 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 잠깐 : (for) a little while; (for) a moment [minute]; (for) some time

* 시간 : time
* -이 : a particle makes 시간 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant: this omitted

* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do (3) can have; can get in the sentence

* 돼? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 될까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 됩니까 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 되겠습니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will)+ -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -어? / -ㄹ까? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -는가? / -어? / -ㄹ까? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -겠습니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / ‘스’

2022-08-29

Let's learn about "장난 아니야"

장난 아니야 : (1) It is no joke (2) It is incredible; It is awesome

[other expressions]
- 장난 아니다. (to younger people or friends)
- 장난 아니네. (to younger people or friends)
- 장난 아니야. (to younger people or friends)
- 장난 아니네요. (honourific by '요')
- 장난 아니예요. (honourific by '요')
- 장난 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 장난 : (1) a game; play; mischief; prank; a joke; trifle; fun; hobby (2) [=실없이 하는 짓] a flimsy act; uselessness; nonsense

* -이 : a particle makes 장난 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 아니다 : be not

* 아닙니다 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -예요 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ' / ‘-요’

Let's learn about "사랑 참 어렵구나"


사랑 참 어렵구나 : Love is so hard

[other expressions]
- 사랑 참 어렵다. (to younger people or friends)
- 사랑 참 어렵네. (to younger people or friends)
- 사랑 참 어려워. (to younger people or friends)
- 사랑 참 어렵군! (to younger people or friends)
- 사랑 참 어렵구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 사랑 참 어렵네요. (honourific by '요')
- 사랑 참 어렵군요! (honourific by '요')
- 사랑 참 어려워요. (honourific by '요')
- 사랑 참 어렵습니다. (formal; more honourific by '-스')

[explanations]
* 사랑 : love
* 사랑하다 : love someone or something
* 사랑하는 : loving
* -은 : a particle makes 사랑 subjective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 참 = 정말 : so; very much

* 어려운 : difficult; hard <--- 어렵(ㅂ moved into next char) + ㄴ(the former ㅂ changed into 우 because of ㅂ irregularity)
* 어렵다 : be difficult; be hard

* 어려워 : 어려운(ㄴ erased before -어) + -어(a non-honourific verb ending suffix)
* 어렵습니다 : 어렵(the stem of 어렵다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "답답해"

답답해 : (1) It's frustrating; I feel heavy (with worries) (3) It's stuffy (here)

[other expressions]
- 답답하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 답답하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 답답해. (to younger people or friends)
- 답답하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 답답하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 답답하네요. (honourific by '요')
- 답답하군요! (honourific by '요')
- 답답해요. (honourific by '요')
- 답답합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 답답한 : (1) [숨이 막힐 듯이] stuffy, stifling, suffocating (2) [걱정·근심 등으로] feel heavy (3) [말·생각·행동 등이] nonsense; meaningless (word) (4) [=어설프게] slovenly; clumsily; with awkward hands
- 이 방은 너무 답답하다 : This room feels very stuffy
- 걱정으로 가슴이 답답하다 : feel heavy with worries
- 답답한 소리 좀 그만 하세요 : Stop with the nonsense already
- 답답하게 좀 그러지 마 = 어설프게 좀 그러지 마 : Don't do like that clumsily

* 답답하다 : a verb form of 답답한
* 답답하게 : an adverb form of 답답한

* 답답해 : 답답하(the stem of 답답하다) + -어(a non-honourific verb ending suffix)
* 답답합니다 : 답답하(the stem of 답답하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

2022-08-27

Let's learn about "보고 싶어서요"

보고 싶어서요 : I wanted to see you

[other expressions]
- 보고 싶어서. (to younger people or friends)
- 보고 싶어서요. (to the elderly; honourific by '-요')

- 보고 싶기때문에. (to younger people or friends)
- 보고 싶기때문에요. (to the elderly; honourific by '-요')

[explanations]
* 보다 : see; look; watch
* 보고 ; 보(the stem of 보다) + -고(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶어서 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -어/어서(because; because of)

* 싶기 : a noun form of 싶다; 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -기(a suffix makes a verb a noun)

* -때문에 : because; because of)

* 싶어서요 : 싶어서 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix
* 싶기때문에요 : 싶기때문에 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

Let's learn about "이 좀 갈지 마"

이 좀 갈지 마 : Stop grinding your teeth

[other expressions]
- 이 좀 갈지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 이 좀 갈지 마라. (to younger people or friends)
- 이 좀 갈지 말래. (to younger people or friends)
- 이 좀 갈지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 이 좀 갈지 말래요. (honourific by '요')
- 이 좀 갈지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 이 좀 갈지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 이 좀 갈지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 이 좀 갈지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')
- 이 좀 갈지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 이 좀 갈지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 이 : teeth
* -를 : a particle makes 이 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omited

* 갈다 : grind

* 갈지 : 갈(the stem of 갈다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시어(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)
* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

한국의 산후조리원(a postnatal[postpartum] care center in Korea)

<한국에 산후조리원이 발전해 있는 이유(The reason why postpartum care centers are developed in Korea)

서양과 동양 여성은 골격에서 차이를 보인다. 서양권 여성의 골반은 둥글어 출산이 어렵지 않은 신체구조를 가지고 있는 반면, 아시아계 여성들의 골반은 타원형으로 좁아 태아가 나오는 과정에서 많은 어려움이 따른다. 출산시간도 아시아계 여성들이 1시간 더 걸린다는 통계가 있다. 그런 결과로 출산 후 아시아계 여성의  회복하는 시간도 많이 걸린다. 그래서 한국에는 산후조리원이 발달해 있다. (Western and Eastern women differ in their skeletons. While Western women's pelvis is round and has a body structure that is not difficult to give birth, Asian women's pelvis is narrow in an oval shape, which leads to many difficulties in the process of childbirth. Statistics show that Asian women also take one more hour to give birth. As a result, it takes a lot of time for Asian women to recover after childbirth. So postpartum care centers are developed in Korea)

* 산후조리원 : a postnatal[postpartum] care center

: from https://v.daum.net/v/20220827081402532

Let's learn about "그 여자 예뻐?"

그 여자 예뻐? : Is she pretty?

[other expressions]
- 그 여자 예쁘니? (to younger people or friends)
- 그 여자 예쁘냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 그 여자 예쁘나? (to younger people or friends)
- 그 여자 예뻐? (to younger people or friends)
- 그 여자 예쁘지? (to younger people or friends)
- 그 여자 예쁜가? (to younger people or friends)
- 그 여자 예쁘나요? (honourific by '-요')
- 그 여자 예뻐요? (honourific by '-요')
- 그 여자 예쁘지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 그 여자 예쁘죠? (a short form of 믿지요?)
- 그 여자 예쁜가요? (honourific by '-요')
- 그 여자 예쁩니까? (formal; honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 그여자 : she; her <-- 그(that) + 여자(woman)
* -가 : a particle makes 그여자 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 예쁜 : pretty; beautiful
* 예쁘게 : an adverb form of 예쁜
* 예쁘다 : be pretty; be beautiful
- 이 여자 엄청 예쁘다 : This woman is very good looking
- 예뿌다 / 예쁘 / 이쁘다 / 이쁘 / 이뿌다 : These can be used instead of 예쁘다

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -지? / -ㄴ가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -지? / -어? / -ㄴ가? + -요 ; an honourific ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "내가 해볼게"

내가 해볼게 : Let me have a go; Let me do it

[other expressions]
- 내가 해볼게. (to younger people or friends)
- 제가 해볼게요. (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 해보겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 내 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 : I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

If you want to emphasize what, use 은 or 는.
If you want to emphasize who, use 이 or 가

* 해보다 : (1) [=시도하다] try; make[have] a trial ; have a try ; attempt ; make an attempt (2) [=경험하다] experience; go through (3) [=맞겨루다] fight (against); contend[compete] with; stand[rise] against <-- 하다(do) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 보다(try to do; see/look/watch)
- 처음 해보다 : try for the first time
- 되든 안 되든 해보다 : do at a venture / take a[one's] chance / try one's luck
- 일을 해보다 : try work[a job]
- 저항을 해보다 : offer[put up] resistance
- 돈을 모으려고 해보다 : attempt to make money
- 달아나려고 해보다 : make an attempt to run away
- 역량을 시험 해보다 : try one's strength
- 할 수 있는 데까지 해보다 : do one's best[utmost] / do all one can
- 다시 한 번 해보다 : try again / make another attempt
- 할 수 있으면 해보아라 (반어적으로) : Try and do it
- 그건 한 번 해볼 만하다 : It is worth a try
- 여하튼 한번 해보기나 하자 : Let us have a try anyhow
- 사랑을 해보다 : experience love
- 나는 이런 일을 해 본 적이 없다 : I am quite new[an utter stranger] to this kind of work
- 나는 그와 말을 해본 적이 없다 : I have never talked to[with] him
- 자, 해볼 테면 해보자 : Now, if you want, let's fight / Let's play a game
- 그 놈과는 끝까지 해볼 테다 : I will never yield to him until he says[cries] uncle

* 해볼게 : 해보(the stem of 해보다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)
* 해볼게요 : 해보(the stem of 해보다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 해보겠습니다 : 해보(the stem of 해보다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "이상한데..."

이상한데 : It's weird

[other expressions]
- 이상하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 이상하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 이상한데. (to younger people or friends)
- 이상해. (to younger people or friends)
- 이상하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 이상하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 이상하네요. (honourific by '요')
- 이상한데요. (honourific by '요')
- 이상하군요! (honourific by '요')
- 이상해요. (honourific by '요')
- 이상합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 이상 : (1) more than; above (2) ideal (3) weirdness
- 3시간 이상 : three hours or more
- 평균 이상이다 : be above average
- 이상과 같이 : as mentioned[stated] above
- 높은 이상을 품다 : have lofty[high] ideals

* 이상한 : weird
* 이상하다 : be weird

* 이상한데 : 이상하(the stem of 이상하다) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific verb ending suffix; this indicates a little hesitation because something is different from what he expected)

* 이상해 : 이상하(the stem of 이상하다) + -어(a non-honourific verb ending suffix)
* 이상합니다 : 이상하(the stem of 이상하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -ㄴ데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -ㄴ데 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "정말 공감돼"

정말 공감돼 : I can really relate; I really agree
그녀에게 정말 공감해요 : I really sympathize with her

[other expressions]
- 정말 공감된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 정말 공감되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 정말 공감돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 정말 공감되는군! (to younger people or friends)
- 정말 공감되는구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 정말 공감되네요. (honourific by '요')
- 정말 공감되는군요! (honourific by '요')
- 정말 공감돼요. (honourific by '요')
- 정말 공감됩니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 공감 : sympathy
- 공감을 얻다 : win[gain] the sympathy
* 공감하다 : sympathize (with); identify (with)
* 공감되다 : feel the same way; sympathize

* 공감돼 : 공감되(the stem of 공감되다) + -어(a non-honourific verb ending suffix)
* 공감됩니다 : 공감되(the stem of 공감되다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

2022-08-26

Let's learn about "햇살 눈부신 어떤 날에 너에게로 갈게"

햇살 눈부신 어떤 날에 너에게로 갈게 : I'll go to you ina shining day

* The above sentence is from a Korean poem

[other expressions]

- 햇살 눈부신 어떤 날에 너에게로 갈게. (to younger poeple or friends)
- 햇살 눈부신 어떤 날에 당신에게로 갈게요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 햇살 눈부신 어떤 날에 당신에게로 가겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 해 : [=태양] the sun
* 살 : (1) [=나이] age; years (2) [=피부] skin; fresh  (3) [=신체 조직] fresh (4) [=지방] fat (5) [동물·생선·과일 등의] meat, [=과육] flesh
- 나는 그보다 세 살 많다 : I'm three years older than he
- 살(이) 찌다 : gain[put on] weight
- 햇볕에 살이 까맣게 탔다 : I have a dark suntan

* -살 : [=광선] ray; beam

* 햇살 : sun, sunlight, sunshine, sunbeam <-- 해(the sun) + -ㅅ(this inserted for easy pronunciation) + -살(ray; beam)
- 햇살이 방 안 가득 퍼졌다 : Sunlight flooded (into) the room
* -이 : a particle makes 햇살 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in consonant; this omitted

* 눈부신 : (1) [빛이] dazzling, glaring, blinding (2) [모습·광경 등이] dazzling (3) [활동·업적 등이] remarkable, wonderful, extraordinary, brilliant
* 눈부시게 : an adverb form of 눈부신 by -게
* 눈부시다 : a verb form of 눈부신
- 다이아몬드가 눈부시게 빛났다 : The diamond sparkled with dazzling brilliance
- 그녀는 눈부시게 아름다웠다 : She was dazzlingly beautiful
- 그는 눈부신 활약을 했다 : He made a brilliant exploit (in)

* 어떤 : (1) [여럿 중에서] what, which (2) [특성·성격·상태 등을 물을 때] how (3) [뚜렷하지 않은] some, certain, (slng) this
- 어떤 음식을 좋아하세요? : What kind of food do you like?
- 나는 그가 어떤 기분일지 잘 알고 있다 : I know quite well how he must feel
- 간밤에 어떤 이상한 남자를 만났다 : I met this weird guy last night

* 날 : day
* -에 : a time suffix

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* 당신 : you (this expresses honourific nuance in this case. that is to say, this can be only used when the other person is not in front of you)

* -에게 = 에게로 : to; toward; unto

* 가다 : go
* 갈게 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will)
* 갈게요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a particle makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가겠습니까? : 가(the stem of 가다) + -겠(one’s possibility) + -스(a particle makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -ㄹ게 / -ㄹ게요 / -겠습니다: I will ~

Let's learn about "엊그제, 친구랑 명동에 갔어요"

엊그제, 친구랑 명동에 갔어요 : A couple of days ago, I went to MyeongDong with my friend.

[other expressions]
- 엊그제, 친구랑 명동에 갔다. (to younger people or friends)
- 엊그제, 친구랑 명동에 갔네. (to younger people or friends)
- 엊그제, 친구랑 명동에 갔어. (to younger people or friends)
- 엊그제, 친구랑 명동에 갔네요. (honourific by '요'; but this had better be used to younger people or friends)
- 엊그제, 친구랑 명동에 갔어요. (honourific by '요')
- 엊그제, 친구랑 명동에 갔습니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 어제 : yesterday; 
* 그저께 the day before yesterday

* 엊그제 : A couple of days ago <-- 어제(the day before today; -제 erased and ㅈ inserted for easy pronunciation) + 그저께(the day before yesterday; -께 erased)

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted
* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 친구 : friend
* -랑 = -와 / -과 : (1) [=-와 함께•-과 함께] with (2) and

* 명동 : the famous downtown in Seoul

* 가다 : go
* 갔다 : past tense of 가다 by '-았-'; (1) went; gone (2) [=방문했다•갔다왔다] have been to someplace

* 갔습니다 : 갔(the stem of 갔다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

2022-08-25

Let's learn about "차에 타요"

차에 타요 : Get in the car; Get in the train

[other expressions]
- 차에 타. (to younger people or friends)
- 차에 타라. (to younger people or friends)
- 차에 타요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 차에 타세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 차에 타셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 차에 타시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 차에 타시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 차에 탑시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 차에 타십시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 차 : vehicle like car; bus, truck; train; subway train
* -에 : a place particle means "on, in; unto..."

* 타다 : (1) [탈것에] ride, take; [=올라타다] get on, get in(to), board (2) [나무·산 등을] climb, (formal) ascend (3) [흐름·틈 등을] take advantage of, capitalize on (4) [불에] burn, blaze; [=화염에 휩싸이다] be in flames [=불타다] (5) [밥·고기 등이] burn, be burned (6) tan, [피부가] be suntanned, be browned; [지나치게: too much] be sunburned
- 말을 타다 : ride (on) a horse
- 사다리를 타고 지붕에 올라가다 : climb to the roof by the ladder
- 시대의 흐름을 타다 : go along the current trends
- 뭔가 타는 냄새가 난다 : I can smell something burning
- 생선이 타지 않게 잘 뒤집어라 : Turn[Rotate] the fish carefully so that it won't burn
- 햇볕에 얼굴이 까맣게 탔다 : My face got browned by the sun

* 탔다 : past tense of 타다 by '-았-'

* 타 : 타(the stem of  타다; 타 + -아 contracted into 타) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 타자 : 타(the stem of  타다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 타요 : 타(the stem of  타다; 타 + -아 contracted into 해) + -아(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 타세요 : 타(the stem of  타다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 타셔요 : 타(the stem of  타다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 타시지요 : 타(the stem of  타다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 탑시다 : 타(the stem of  타다)  + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 타십시다 : 타(the stem of  타다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* a verb + -자 / -어 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -세요 / -셔요 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -십시다 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "큰일났다"

큰일났어 : (1) I'm in trouble (2) We've got a problem

[other expressions]
- 큰일났다. (to younger people or friends)
- 큰일났네. (to younger people or friends)
- 큰일났어. (to younger people or friends)
- 큰일났군! (to younger people or friends)
- 큰일났구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 큰일났네요. (honourific by '요')
- 큰일났군요! (honourific by '요')
- 큰일났어요. (honourific by '요')
- 큰일났습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 큰일나다 : become[grow] serious; assume serious proportions; get into trouble

* 큰일났다 : past tense of 큰일나다 by '-었-'

* 큰일났습니다 : 큰일났(the stem of 큰닐났다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

2022-08-24

Let's learn about "아범 / 어멈"

아범 : (1) [=아버지] your father; his father (2) [=남편] my husband

어멈 : (1) [=어머니] your mother; his mother (2) [=아내•안사람] my wife

[Ex]
(1) 며늘아! 아범은 어딜 간 게냐 : My daughter, where is your father?

* 며늘 = 며늘아기 : a daughter-in-law
* -아! : a vocative case suffix

(2) 오늘 아범이 좀 늦는답니다 = 오늘 남편이 좀 늦는다고 연락이 왔습니다 : I got a call from my husband saying he's a little late today

* 늦다 : be late
* 늦는답니다 : 늦는다(a present form of a verb) + -ㅂ니다 : somebody said to me; somebody called to me

Let's learn about "-게냐? vs -거니?"

See : https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nknews/200303/56_9.html

'어딜 간 게냐'와 '어딜 간 거냐'의 차이

by 이설아(李雪雅) / 사전편찬원

'아범은 어딜 간 게냐?'와 같은 말은 주위에서 쉽게 들을 수 있어서 이때의 '게냐'를 '거냐'로 고쳐야 한다고 하면 의아하게 생각하는 분들이 있다. 아래의 예는 신문에서 찾은 것이다.

(1) 잠시 혼미해진 탓일 게다 <○○일보 2002. 5. 28. 화. 5면>
위의 '게다'는 의존 명사 '것'과 서술격 조사 '이-'가 결합한 말인데 이때의 '게다'는 '거다'로 고쳐야 옳다.

(2) 잠시 혼미해진 탓일 거다(←것이다)
위의 '게다'를 '거다'로 고쳐야 하는 근거로는 두 가지를 들 수 있다. 
    첫째, '것이-'가 '게-'로 줄어드는 것은 제한된 경우에만 가능하고 많은 경우에는 줄어들지 않는다. (3)에서는 '게'가 가능해 보이지만 (4)에서는 그렇지 않다.

(3) ᄀ. 무얼 하는 게냐?(←것이냐)
ᄂ. 지금쯤 혼쭐이 나고 있을 게다(←것이다)
ᄃ. 어딜 가는 게요?(←것이요)
(4) ᄀ. 여기서 뭐 하는 게니?(←것이니)(×) 
ᄂ. 모두 함께 가는 게지요(←것이지요)(×)
ᄃ. 어디 갈 겐데?(←것인데)(×)
(3)과 (4)를 보면 '것'과 '이-'를 '게'로 줄여 쓰는 데에 제약이 있음을 알 수 있다. 이와는 달리 '것'과 '이-'를 '거'로 줄여 쓰는 데에는 제약이 없다.

(5) ᄀ. 무얼 하는 거냐?(←것이냐)
ᄂ. 지금쯤 혼쭐이 나고 있을 거다(←것이다)
ᄃ. 어딜 가는 거요?(←것이요)
(6) ᄀ. 여기서 뭐 하는 거니?(←것이니)
ᄂ. 모두 함께 가는 거지요(←것이지요)
ᄃ. 어디 갈 건데?(←것인데)
위의 예를 보면 '게'가 성립하는 (3)과 같은 경우는 물론이고 '게'가 성립하지 않는 (4)와 같은 경우도 '거'는 자연스럽게 성립한다. 이는 '것'과 '이-'가 '게'로 줄어드는 것이 아니라 '거'로 줄어드는 근거라고 할 수 있다. 
    '것'과 '이-'가 '게'로 줄어드는 것이 아니라는 두 번째 근거는 '게'는 '것'과 '이'가 줄어든 형태라는 사실이다. 의존 명사 '것'은 서술격 조사 '이-'가 결합할 때는 '거'로 줄어들고 주격 조사 '이'가 결합할 때는 '게'로 줄어든다.

(7) ᄀ. 이 지우개는 내 거다(←것+이-+-다) (서술격 조사 '이-')
ᄂ. 제가 할 겁니다(←것+이-+-ᄇ니다) (서술격 조사 '이-')
(8) ᄀ. 이 지우개는 내 게(←것+이) 아니다. (주격 조사 '이')
ᄂ. 모든 게(←것+이) 잘 되고 있다. (주격 조사 '이')
즉 (7)과 (8)에서 알 수 있듯이 의존 명사 '것'에 서술격 조사 '이-'가 결합할 때와 주격 조사 '이'가 결합할 때 줄어드는 형태가 다르다.

    한 가지 재미있는 점은 '게다, 게냐, 게야, 게요'와 같은 말이 주로 텔레비전 역사극에서 많이 나타난다는 사실이다. 현대극보다 역사극에 이러한 표현이 많이 나오는 것은 '게다'가 '거다'보다 점잖고 무게 있는 말투로 들리기 때문일 것이다. 만약 '게다'와 '거다'가 이처럼 서로 구별되는 말로 굳어진다면 '게다'를 비표준어라고 할 근거는 없어지는 셈이다. 이런 까닭에 조금 시간이 지나고 나면 '게다'와 '거다'를 문체적으로 차이가 있는 말로 보고 둘 다 널리 쓰자고 할지도 모르겠다. 처음에는 비표준어더라도 널리 쓰여서 우리말을 풍요롭게 해 준다면 더없이 반가운 일이다.

Let's learn about "-ㄴ 거야"

See : https://milkcocoahkorean.tumblr.com/post/181321582728/%E3%84%B4%EB%8A%94-%EA%B1%B0%EC%95%BC-grammar

ㄴ/는 거야 or the polite ㄴ/는 거예요 is a sentence ending that can be used in the present or past with both verbs and adjectives. It’s basically a more emotional way to talk instead of giving just basic information or straight facts.

And, it’s used mostly in these situations:

–> giving new (or surprising) information

–> responding to something (with emotion)

–> telling a story to someone (this is because you’re typically telling new or surprising information haha)

–> recounting or clarifying information

So, here are the basic conjugations.

Verbs:

No 받침 present tense 는 거야/는 거예요 / No 받침 past tense ㄴ 거야/ㄴ 거예요.

하는 거야 (하다/하고 있다) / 한 거야 (했다)

Yes 받침 present tense 는 거야/는 거예요/ Yes 받침 past tense 은 거야/은 거예요

먹는 거야 (먹다/먹고 있어) / 먹은 거야 (먹었다)

Adjectives:

No 받침 —> ㄴ 거야/ㄴ 거예요
슬픈 거야 (슬프다)

Yes 받침 —> 은 거야/은 거예요
좋은 거야 (좋다)

Adjectives don’t really get treated as having a past tense in many Korean grammatical structures because it’s often seen as an unchanging state.

Here are some examples:

그거 들었어? 소영이가 그 오빠랑 사귀는 거야! Did you hear that? Soyoung is dating that older guy!

This sounds more surprised like “I’m telling you something!” Instead of “그 오빠랑 사귀고 있어” which just conveys the information a little more dryly. So, if you don’t care, you might use 사귀고 있어. But if this is big news, 사귀는 거야 is more likely to be used. 

어제 남자친구가 갑자기 헤어지자고 한 거야. Yesterday, my boyfriend suddenly said we should break up! (let’s break up). 

이쪽으로 갈까? (Goes off in another direction.) 엥? 어디 가는 거야! 이리 와! Should we go in this direction? *goes off in another direction.* Eh? Where are you going??
*Like “Where on earth are you going” or “where exactly are you going?” or “where the hell are you going?”

It’s actually tough to use naturally. And, it will take a lot of listening to others use it and practice before you really master it! Because it is used all the time.

But, it’s not used for just conveying facts. Here is an example.

A: 뭐 해? What are you doing?

B: 공부하고 있어. I’m studying.

A: 금요일이잖아. 공부가 그렇게 좋아? It’s Friday. Do you like studying that much?

B: 내일 시험이 있어서 공부하는 거야. I’m studying because I have a test tomorrow.

Here you can’t replace 공부하고 있어 with 공부하는 거야. It would be unnatural because you’re only conveying a fact with no emotion or response or wish to tell this person something surprising. But the second instance has some emotion in it.

Or here.

A: 너 계란 있어? Do you have any eggs?

B: 없어요. No. (I don’t have any.)

A: 그럼 빵은 있어? Then, do you have bread?

B: 그것도 없어요. I don’t have any of that either.

A: 그럼 우유는 있어? Then, do you have any milk?

B: 아 그것도— ah that too–

A: 그것도 없는 거야? 너 굶어 죽고 싶은 거야?? You don’t have that either? Do you want to starve to death??

By the end of the conversation, A can easily express annoyance or surprise that B has no food in their house. 

Tip: You’ll see this written and pronounced often as 는 거에요 instead of 는 거예요 in formal speech. It’s probably because it’s a little easier to say. There are many Koreans who don’t know the correct spelling of this grammar point. So, spelling and pronouncing it wrong is actually a bit more natural as long as you aren’t submitting it as homework.

Let's learn about "어제 결석했어"

(나) 어제 결석했어 : I was absented from the class yesterday

[other expressions]
- (나) 어제 결석했다. (to younger people or friends)
- (나) 어제 결석했네. (to younger people or friends)
- (나) 어제 결석했어. (to younger people or friends)
- (나) 어제 결석했네요. (honourific by '요'; but this had better be used to younger people or friends)
- (저) 어제 결석했어요. (honourific by '요')
- (저) 어제 결석했습니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted
* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 어제 : yesterday

* 결석 : absense; nonattendance
* 결석을 하다 = 결석하다 : be absent (from); absent oneself (from); cut; stay away (from); fail to attend; default; make a default

* 결석했다 : past tense of 결석하다 by '-었-'

* 결석했습니다 : 결석하(the stem of 결석하다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

2022-08-23

Let's learn about "마리아 잠수 탔다"

마리아 잠수 탔다 : Maria ghosted me / Maria keeps out of touch

[other expressions]
- 마리아 잠수 탔다. (to younger people or friends)
- 마리아 잠수 탔네. (to younger people or friends)
- 마리아 잠수 탔어. (to younger people or friends)
- 마리아 잠수 탔군! (to younger people or friends)
- 마리아 잠수 탔구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 마리아 잠수 탔네요. (honourific by '요')
- 마리아 잠수 탔군요! (honourific by '요')
- 마리아 잠수 탔어요. (honourific by '요')
- 마리아 잠수 탔습니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 마리아 : a woman name

* 잠수 : [潛水] diving; submerging; submergence
* 잠수하다 : dive; go underwater; submerge
- 진주 채취를 위해 잠수하다 : dive for pearls

* -를 : a particle makes 잠수 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 타다 : (1) ride (2) get in a taxi; get on a bus (3) burn (4) be sunburn (5) parch (6) climb; go up (6) do skating (7) mix (8) receive; be awarded (9) split (10) be sensitive (11) play on instruments like piano (12) do (diving)

* 잠수를 타다 = 잠수 타다 : dive

* 탔습니다 : 타(the stem of 타다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "이젠 누굴 믿나?"

이젠 누굴 믿나? : Who can I trust?

[other expressions]
- 이젠 누굴 믿니? (to younger people or friends)
- 이젠 누굴 믿냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 이젠 누굴 믿나? (to younger people or friends)
- 이젠 누굴 믿어? (to younger people or friends)
- 이젠 누굴 믿지? (to younger people or friends)
- 이젠 누굴 믿어? (to younger people or friends)
- 이젠 누굴 믿나요? (honourific by '-요')
- 이젠 누굴 믿어요? (honourific by '-요')
- 이젠 누굴 믿지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 이젠 누굴 믿죠? (a short form of 믿지요?)
- 이젠 누굴 믿습니까? (formal; honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted
* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

If you want to emphasize what, use 은 or 는.
If you want to emphasize who, use 이 or 가

* 이젠 : a short form of 이제는
* 이제 : now
* -는 : a time suffix emphasizes 이제

* 누굴 : a short form of 누구를
* 누구 : who
* -를 : a particle makes 누구 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 믿다 : [Pronunciation: 믿따] believe; trust

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -지? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -지? / -어? + -요 ; an honourific ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스’

Let's learn about "나 이제 어떻하냐?"

나 이제 어떻하냐? = 나 이제 어떻게 하냐? : What am I going to do now?

[other expressions]
- 나 이제 어떻하니? (to younger people or friends)
- 나 이제 어떻하나? (to younger people or friends)
- 나 이제 어떻하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 나 이제 어떻해? (to younger people or friends)
- 나 이제 어떻하지? (to younger people or friends)
- 저 이제 어떻하나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저 이제 어떻해요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저 이제 어떻하지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저 이제 어떻하죠? (-죠? is a short form of -지요?)
- 저 이제 어떻합니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 나 이제 어떻게 하니? (to younger people or friends)
- 나 이제 어떻게 하나? (to younger people or friends)
- 나 이제 어떻게 하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 나 이제 어떻게 해? (to younger people or friends)
- 나 이제 어떻게 하지? (to younger people or friends)
- 저 이제 어떻게 하나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저 이제 어떻게 해요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저 이제 어떻게 하지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저 이제 어떻게 하죠? (-죠? is a short form of -지요?)
- 저 이제 어떻게 합니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 이제 : now

* 어떻하냐? : [Pronunciation: 어떡하냐] a short form of 어떻게 하냐?

* 어떻다 : [Pronunciation: 어떠타] a short form of 어떠하다; 어떠니·어때 are from 어떠하다
* 어떠하다 : 1) be how; be like what (2) How about; what about (3) somehow
- 그 일을 지금 그녀에게 이야기해 주는 것은 좀 어떨까 생각한다 : I'm afraid it's not advisable to tell her about it now
- 그것에 대해 당신의 의견은 어떻습니까 : What is your opinion about[of] it? / What do you think of it?
- 요새는 어떻습니까 : How are things with you?
- 차 한 잔 더 어떻습니까 : Won't you[Wouldn't you like to] have another cup of tea?
- 내년 봄 스페인 여행은 어떻습니까 : What[How] about a trip to Spain next spring?
- 어떻습니까 거기에 가는 것은 : What do you say to our going there?
- 어떻다고 말하기 힘든 이상한 음악 : a weird and indescribable music
- 어떻다고 말할 수 없다 : Nothing definite can be said on it
- 어떻다고 말하기가 그렇지만 : It's hard to say how it is

* 어떻게 하다 : [Pronunciation: 어떠케 하다] do[manage] by some means or other; do somehow; manage somehow; manage to do <--- 어떻게(how) + 하다(do)
- 동생을 어떻게 하면 좋을지 모르겠다 : I wonder what I ought to do with my brother
- 어떻게 해서든 좀더 빨리 오실 수 없겠습니까 : Couldn't you manage[contrive] to get here a little earlier?
- 어떻게 해서든 이 책을 완성하지 않으면 안 된다 : I must finish writing this book by all means[somehow or other]
- 나는 어떻게 해서든 시간을 내어 그를 만났다 : I managed to find[make] time to see him

* 어떻게 되다 : [Pronunciation: 어떠케 되다] (1) what if; what on earth (2) [=그럭저럭] turn out somehow (or other); [=변통되다] be managed <-- 어떻게(how) + 되다(become)
- 당신 부인이 집을 나간다면 어떻게 될까 : What if your wife should leave home?
- 도대체 어떻게 된 거냐 [=무슨 일이라도 있었느냐] : What on earth happened (to you)? / What is the matter with you? / What's eating you?
- 일은 어떻게 되어 가고 있는가 : How are you coming along with your work?
- 어떻게 되겠지 : Somehow it will come out all right
- 걱정마라, 어떻게 될 터이니 : Take it easy, I think I can manage it somehow
- 그 정도의 돈이라면 어떻게 되겠지 : If that is all the money required, I think I can manage (to raise) it for you

* 해? : 하(the stem of 하다: 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 합니까? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -지?/ -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

2022-08-22

Let's learn about "바가지 쓰다"/"바가지 씌우다"

* 바가지 씌우다 : rip off
* 바가지 쓰다 : be ripped off

-저번 태국 여행 가서 택시비 완전 바가지 썼다 : Last time I went to Thailand, I got ripped off for a taxi

- 바가지 씌우지 마세요. 여기 오기 전에 들린 가게는 사장님이 부른 가격 보다 훨씬 싸던데요 : Don't rip me off. The store I stopped by before coming here was much cheaper than you are asking price

[other expressions]
- 바가지 씌우지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 바가지 씌우지 말래요. (honourific by '요')
- 바가지 씌우지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 바가지 씌우지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 바가지 씌우지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 바가지 씌우지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')
- 바가지 씌우지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 바가지 씌우지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 바가지 : (1) a gourd (dipper); a calabash (2) nag; grumble (3) overcharge
- 바가지(를) 긁다 : nag[snap / yap] ; speak crossly ; grumble
-  바가지 긁는 아내 : a nagging wife / a Xanthippe
- 심하게 바가지 긁는 여자 : a nag / a nagger
- 잠자리에서 바가지 긁기 : curtain lecture
- 밤늦게 온다고 바가지 긁다 : yap at for being late at night
- 나는 어제 식당에서 바가지 썼다 : Yesterday I was paid through the nose at a restaurant
- 그 부인은 리본 하나에 엄청나게 바가지를 썼다 : They rushed the lady shockingly for a ribbon
- 바가지 씌우는 하급 레스토랑[카바레] : clip joint
- 그는 중고차 대금을 나한테 바가지 씌웠다 : He charged me an unreasonable price. / I got taken by him on that used car
- 이것을 얼마나 바가지 씌우더냐 : How much did they rush you for this?
- 바가지 요금 : an exorbitant price[fare]

* 쓰다 : (1) write (2) use (3) charge (bill)
* 씌우다 : (1) cover (sth with sth) (2) put something on
- 탁자에 흰 천을 씌우다 : cover a table with white cloth
- 누명을 씌우다 : put[lay; pin] the blame (on)

* 씌우지 : 씌우(the stem of 씌우다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시어(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)
* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

Let's learn about "그럴 줄 알았어"

(내) 그럴 줄 알았어 : That figures / [=이미 그렇게 될 줄 알았어] I already knew that would happen / I knew it

[other expressions]
- (내) 그럴 줄 알았다. (to younger people or friends)
- (내) 그럴 줄 알았네. (to younger people or friends)
- (내) 그럴 줄 알았어. (to younger people or friends)
- (전) 그럴 줄 알았네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (전) 그럴 줄 알았어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (전) 그럴 줄 알았습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]
* 내 : I (non-honourific word)
* -가 : a subject particle after a word ends in a vowel; this omittable

* 전 : a short form of 저는
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a subject particle after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable

* 그러다 / 그러하다 : be such

* 그럴 : 그러(the stem of 그러다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)
* 주다 : (1) give (2) plan in the sentence
* 줄 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)
* 알다 : know; understand
* 알았다 : past tense of 알다 by '-았-'

* ㄹ 줄 알다 / -을 줄 알다 / -를 줄 알다 : this phrase means (1) "I know how to do it" (2) "I am able to do it" (3) "I think that ~; I make out ~"

* 알았습니다 : 알았(the stem of 알았다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

2022-08-20

Let's learn about "뭐라고 했어?"

뭐라고 했어? : What did you say?

* This sentence might rude whe you say in a loud, irritating way. Thus you had better do in a gentle and soft voice

[other expressions]
1) To someone who's the same age as me or younger

- 뭐라고 했니? = 무엇이라고 했니? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐라고 했나? = 무엇이라고 했나? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐라고 했냐? = 무엇이라고 했냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐라고 했어? = 무엇이라고 했어? (to younger people or friends)
- 뭐라고 했나요? = 무엇이라고 했나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭐라고 했어요? = 무엇이라고 했어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 뭐라고 했습니까? = 무엇이라고 했습니까? (honourific by ‘-요’)

2) To someone older than me or someone in a higher position

- 뭐라고 하셨어요? = 무엇이라고 하셨어요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 뭐라고 하셨는지요? = 무엇이라고 하셨는지요? (more honourific by ‘시')
- 뭐라고 하셨습니까? = 무엇이라고 하셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)

* -라고 : a suffix expressing the meaning of asking back: this is used after a word ends in a vowel
* -이라고 : a suffix expressing the meaning of asking back: this is used after a word ends in a consonant

* 하다 : (1) do (2) say; tell in the sentence
* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'
* 하셨다 : an honourific form of 했다 by '시-'

* 했습니까? : 했(the stem of 했다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 하셨습니까? : 하셨(the stem of 하셨다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -습니까 : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '스'

Let's learn about "내가 왜 그랬지?"

내가 왜 그랬지? : Why did I do that?

[other expressions]
- 내가 왜 그랬니? (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 왜 그랬냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 왜 그랬어? (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 왜 그랬는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 왜 그랬는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 왜 그랬지? (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 왜 그랬을까? (to younger people or friends)
- 제가 왜 그랬어요? (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 왜 그랬는가요? (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 왜 그랬는지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 왜 그랬지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 왜 그랬죠? (a short form of 그랬지요)
- 제가 왜 그랬을까요? (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 왜 그랬습니까? (formal; honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 내 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 : I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 the topic of the senhence after a word ends in a vowel

If you want to emphasize what, use 은 or 는.
If you want to emphasize who, use 이 or 가

* 왜 : why

* 그러하다 / 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그럳타] be so; be such
* 그랬다 : [Pronunciation: 그랟따] past tense or present perfect of 그러하다/그렇다

* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? / -는지? / -지? / -을까? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -지요? / -죠? / -는가요? / -는지요? / -을까요? / -습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘스’

Let's learn about "저리 가"

저리 가 : Go away

[other expressions]
- 저리 가. (to younger people or friends)
- 저리 가라. (to younger people or friends)
- 저리 갈래. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저리 가요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저리 가실래요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저리 가세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저리 가셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저리 가시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 저리 가시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 저리 가십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 저리 가시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 저리 가시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 저리 : [=저리로] there

* 가다 : go

* 가 : 가(the stem of 가다; 가 + -아 contracted into 해) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 가라 : 가(the stem of 가다; 가 + -아 contracted into 해) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 갈래 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 가실래요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가세요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가셔요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가십시오 : 가(the stem of 가다)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 가시겠어요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가시겠습니까 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Let's learn about "간지럽다

간지러워 : It tickles

간지럽다. 만지지 마 : It tickles. Don't touch it / Don't touch my body

[other expressions]
- 간지럽다. (to younger people or friends)
- 간지러워. (to younger people or friends)
- 간지러워요. (honourific by '요')
- 간지럽습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 간지럽다 : [Pronunciation: 간지럽따] (1) tickle; be itchy (2) be dying to say
- 온몸이 간지럽다 : I itch all over
- 말하고 싶어 입이 간지러웠지만 꾹 참았다 : I was dying to say it, but I kept my mouth shut

* 간지러운 : itchy

* 간지러워 : 간지러운(ㄴ erased) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 간지럽습니다 : 간지럽(the stem of 간지럽다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 만지다 : touch

* 만지지 : 만지(the stem of 만지다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

Let's learn about "걷고 싶어"

걷고 싶어 : I'd like to go for a walk

[other expressions]
- 걷고 싶다. (to younger people or friends)
- 걷고 싶네. (to younger people or friends)
- 걷고 싶어. (to younger people or friends)
- 걷고 싶군! (to younger people or friends)
- 걷고 싶구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 걷고 싶네요. (honourific by '요')
- 걷고 싶군요! (honourific by '요')
- 걷고 싶어요. (honourific by '요')
- 걷고 싶습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 걷다 : [Pronunciation: 걷따] walk

* 걷고 : 걷(the stem of 걷다) + -고(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶습니다 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "나 내일 시험 봐"

나 내일 시험 봐 : I have a test tomorrow

[other expressions]
- 나 내일 시험  본다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 내일 시험  보네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 내일 시험  봐. (to younger people or friends)
- 저 내일 시험  봐요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저 내일 시험  봅니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 시험 : exam; test
* -을 : a particle makes 시험 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 보다 : (1) look; see; watch (2) [=시험을 치르다] take[sit for] 
- 시험(을) 보다 : take[undergo] an examination / sit (for) an examination
- 시험을 보지 않고 입학하다 : be admitted into a school without examination

* 본다 : present tense of 보다
* 봐 : 보다 + -아
* 봅니다 : 보다 + -ㅂ니다

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

2022-08-16

Let's learn about "시원한 거 마시고 싶어"

시원한 거 마시고 싶어 : I wanna drink something cold

[other expressions]
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶다. (to younger people or friends)
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶네. (to younger people or friends)
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶어. (to younger people or friends)
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶군! (to younger people or friends)
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶네요. (honourific by '요')
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶군요! (honourific by '요')
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶어요. (honourific by '요')
- 시원한 거 마시고 싶습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 시원한 : (1) bright (2) cool in the sentence
* 시원하게 : an adverb form of 시원한
* 시원하다 : (1) be bright (2) cool

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* -를 : a particle makes 거 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 것 : a thing
* -을 : a particle makes 것 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 마시다 : drink

* 마시고 : 마시(the stem of 마시다) + -고(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶습니다 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "일행이 있어요?"

일행이 있어요? : Do you have company?

The sentence means the followings:
(1) 같이 온 사람이 있어요? : Are there people who came with you?
(2) 같이 갈 사람이 있어요? : Do you have people to go with?

[oher expressions]
- 일행이 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 일행이 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 일행이 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 일행이 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 일행이 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 일행이 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 일행이 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 일행이 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 일행이 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 일행이 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 일행이 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 일행이 있으십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 같이 온 사람이 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 온 사람이 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 온 사람이 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 온 사람이 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 온 사람이 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 온 분이 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 같이 온 분이 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 같이 온 분이 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 같이 온 분이 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 같이 온 분이 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 같이 온 분이 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 같이 온 분이 있으십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 같이 갈 사람이 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 갈 사람이 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 갈 사람이 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 갈 사람이 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 갈 사람이 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 같이 갈 분이 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 같이 갈 분이 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 같이 갈 분이 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 같이 갈 분이 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 같이 갈 분이 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 같이 갈 분이 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 같이 갈 분이 있으십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 일행 : party:  company
* -이 : a particle makes 일행 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 있다 : be; exist

* 같이 : togather

* 오다 : come
* 온 : past tense or present perfect of 오다 by '-ㄴ'

* 가다 : go
* 갈 : future tense of 가다 by '-ㄹ'

* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being (honourific word)
* -이 : a particle makes 사람 / 분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 있다 : be; exist

* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으셔요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있습니까 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -는가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -(으)세요? / -(으)셔요? / -(으)십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-시-‘ / ‘-요’

Let's learn about "나쁘지 않아"

나쁘지 않아 : Not bad

[other expressions]
- 나쁘지 않다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나쁘지 않네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나쁘지 않아. (to younger people or friends)
- 나쁘지 않네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 나쁘지 않아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 나쁘지 않습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]
* 나쁜 : bad; not good
* 나쁘다 : be bad; be not good
* 나쁘지 : 나쁘(the stem of 나쁘다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타] be not

* 않습니다 : 않(the stem of 않다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "맛이 별로네"

맛이 별로입니다 : It doesn't taste good

[other expressions]
- 맛이 별로다. (to younger people or friends)
- 맛이 별로네. (to younger people or friends)
- 맛이 별로야. (to younger people or friends)
- 맛이 별로군! (to younger people or friends)
- 맛이 별로구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 맛이 별로네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 맛이 별로예요. (honourific by '-요')
- 맛이 별로군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 맛이 별로입니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 맛 : taste
* -이 : a particle makes 맛 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 별로 : especially; particularly; in particular
- 거기에 식당이 있는데 별로 맛이 없어요 : There's a restaurant over there, but I don't think it's very good
- 요즘에는 운동을 별로 안 해요 : I don't exercise a lot these days
- 돈은 별로 없지만, 당신과 함께라서 행복해요 : You don't have much money but I'm happy because I'm with you
- 그는 쥬스는 좋아하지만 우유는 별로 좋아하지 않아요 :  He likes juice but he doesn't like milk
- "허리가 아퍼?" "아니, 별로" "그래, 그게 불행 중 다행이야" : "Does your back hurt?" "No, not really." "Oh, that's something then, isn't it?"

* 이다 : be

* 별로다 <-- 별로이다
* 별로네 <-- 별로이네
* 별로야 <-- 별로이야
* 별로군! <-- 별로이군!
* 별로구나! <-- 별로이구나!
* 별로네요 <-- 별로이네요
* 별로군요! <-- 별로이군요!
* 별로예요 <-- 별로이에요

* 별로입니다 : 별로+ 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a noun + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -군! / -구나!: a non-honourific exclamatory form of 이다
* a noun + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ

2022-08-13

사랑 그 아름답고 소중한 얘기들(Love, The beautiful and Precious Stories) – 배철수 in 1985

 사랑 그 아름답고 소중한 얘기들(Love, The beautiful and Precious Stories) – 배철수 in 1985


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GnRRZQVpA0c

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ilxnxi1Dobo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=096lxQxmkKY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmFy1xLsems


이세상사람들아 모두 모여라

내 말좀 들어보려마

흰눈이 송이송이 내리던날

난 그애와 처음 만났지


이 세상사람들아 모두 모여라

내말좀 들어보려마

길모퉁이 이름없는 찻집에서

우린 얘길 했다네


꽃들은 부러움에 미소를 짓고

새들은 노래부르네

사랑은 소리없이 달려와

내마음 깊은곳으로



사랑하는 사람들아 모두 모여라

손에손을 잡고

이 아름답고 소중한얘기들을

우리함께 나누자



이세상사람들아 모두 모여라

내말좀 들어보려마

온세상이 하얗게 빛나던날

난 그애와 처음 만났지


이세상사람들아 모두 모여라

내말좀 들어보려마

가로등도 졸고 있는 골목에서

우린 얘길 했다네


별들은 샘이 나서 삐쭉거리고

달님은 노래 부르네


[English Translation by Papago]


Everyone, gather up

Listen to me

on a snowy day

I met ger for the first time


Everyone in this world, gather up

Listen to me

in a street corner, an unnamed teahouse

We talkedAll right.


Flowers smile with envy

Birds sing

Love runs silently

Into the depths of my heart



Gather up, my loved ones

holding hands

These beautiful and precious stories

Let's share



Everyone, gather up

Listen to me

The day when the whole world was shining white

I met her for the first time


Everyone, gather up

Listen to me

In the alley where the street lights are dozing off,

We talkedAll right.


The stars pouted with envy

The moon is singing


2022-08-12

Let's learn about "창피하다"

아이 창피해 : I'm so shameful; I'm so embarrassing

[other expressions]
- 아이 창피하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 아이 창피하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 아이 창피해. (to younger people or friends)
- 아이 창피하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 아이 창피하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 아이 창피하네요. (honourific by '요')
- 아이 창피하군요! (honourific by '요')
- 아이 창피해요. (honourific by '요')
- 아이 창피합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 아이 : [a noun] child
* 아이 : [an exclamation] (1) 무엇이 못마땅하거나 마음에 차지 않을 때 하는 말(a word spoken when something is unpleasant or unsatisfactory) (2) <아이고>의 준말(s short form of <Oh my godh>
- 아이, 빨리 좀 걸어 : Come on, Hurry up and walk
- 아이, 얼른 줘 : Come on, Hurry up and give it to me
- 아이, 깜짝이야 : Oh my gosh, it scared me
- 아이, 다리야 = 아이고, 다리가 아파 죽겠네 : Oh my gosh, my legs are really tired

* 창피 : [猖披] [=부끄러움] shame; disgrace; ignominy; dishonor; infamy; humiliation
* 창피한 : [=부끄러운] shy; bashful; embarrassed; ashamed; mortified
* 창피하다 : a verb form of 창피한

* 창피합니다 : 창피하(the stem of 창피하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "미안해 하지 마"

미안해 하지 마 : Don't be sorry

[other expressions]
- 미안해 하지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 미안해 하지 마라. (to younger people or friends)
- 미안해 하지 말래. (to younger people or friends)
- 미안해 하지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 미안해 하지 말래요. (honourific by '요')
- 미안해 하지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 미안해 하지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 미안해 하지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 미안해 하지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')
- 미안해 하지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 미안해 하지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 미안(하다) : be sorry
* 미안한 : sorry

* 미안해 하다 : feel sorry for <-- 미안하다 + -어(a connection suffix) + -하다

* 하지 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시어(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)
* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

Let's learn about "내가 할게"

내가 할게 : I'll do it

[other expressions]
- 내가 할게. (to younger people or friends)
- 제가 할게요. (honourific by '-요')
- 제가 하겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 내 : I (non-honourific word
* 제 : I (honourific word
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

If you want to emphasize what, use 은 or 는.
If you want to emphasize who, use 이 or 가

* 하다 : do
* 할게 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)
* 할게요 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 하겠습니다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

2022-08-11

Let's learn about "집에 안 갔어?"

집에 안 갔어? : You didn't go home?

[other expressions]
- 집에 안 갔니? (to younger people or friends)
- 집에 안 갔나? (to younger people or friends)
- 집에 안 갔냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 집에 안 갔어? (to younger people or friends)
- 집에 안 갔는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 집에 안 갔나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 집에 안 갔어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 집에 안 갔는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 집에 안 갔습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 집에 안 갔셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 집 : home; one's place
* -에 : a place particle means "to; toward"

* 가다 : go
* 갔다 : past tense of present perfect of 가다 by '-았-'

* 가셨다 : an honourific form of 갔다 by '-시-'; '-었-' changed into '-였-' for easy pronunciation

* 갔습니까? : 갔(the stem of 갔다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 가셨습니까? : 가셨(the stem of 가셨다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가 / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -습니까? / -셨습니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '스'

Let's learn about "울컥하더라고요"

울컥하더라고요 = 울컥하더라구요 : I burst into tears suddenly but I am okay now

[other expressions]
- 울컥하더라고. (to younger people or friends)
- 울컥하더라구. (to younger people or friends)

- 울컥하더라고요. (honourific by '요')
- 울컥하더라구요. (honourific by '요')
- 울컥합디다.(honourific by 'ㅂ')

- 울컥했다. (to younger people or friends)
- 울컥했네. (to younger people or friends)
- 울컥했어. (to younger people or friends)
- 울컥했네요. (honourific by '요')
- 울컥했어요. (honourific by '요')
- 울컥했습니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 울컥하다 : (1) [=갑자기 눈물이 나고 목이 매이다] burst into tears (2) [=열받다] be pissed off (3) [=갑자기 화내다] fall into a rage (2) retch

* 울컥 : (1) suddenly, off one's top (2) kecking, retching

* 울컥했다 : past tense of 울컥하다 by '-었-'

* 울컥하다라고 / 울컥하더라구 : 울컥하(the stem of 울컥하다) + -라고 / -라구(a non-honourific descriptive ending suffix tells others how I felt in the past)

* 울컥하다라고요 / 울컥하더라구요 : 울컥하(the stem of 울컥하다) + -라고 / -라구(a descriptive ending suffix tells others how I felt in the past) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 울컥합디다 : 울컥하(the stem of 울컥하다) + -ㅂ디다(an honourific descriptive ending suffix tells others how I felt in the past)

* 울컥했습니다 : 울컥했(the stem of 울컥했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -(으)라고 / -(으)라구 : a non-honourific descriptive ending suffix tells others how I felt in the past
* a verb + + -(으)라고요 / -(으)라구요 / -ㅂ디다 : an honourific descriptive ending suffix tells others how I felt in the past

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어  : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' /  '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "안 보여요 / 안 보여요?"

1. 안 보여요 : I can't see you

[other expressions]
- 안 보인다. (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보여. (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보이는군! (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보이는구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보이네요. (honourific by '요')
- 안 보이는군요! (honourific by '요')
- 안 보여요. (honourific by '요')
- 안 보입니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 보다 : see; look; watch
* 보이다 : passive form of 보다 by '-이-'; to be seen

* 보인다 : present form of 보이다 by '-ㄴ'

* 보여 : 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -여( a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 보입니다 : 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -여  : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

2. 안 보여요? : You can't see me? / Can’t you see?

[other expressions]
- 안 보이니? (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보이나? (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보이냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보여? (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보이는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 안 보이나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 안 보이는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 안 보입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 안 보이세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 안 보이셔요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 안 보이십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]
* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 보다 : see; look; watch
* 보이다 : passive form of 보다 by '-이-'; to be seen

* 보여 : 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -여?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 보여요? 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보입니까? : 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 보이세요? : 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보이셔요? : 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) 여-어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보이십니까? : 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -여? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -여? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’ / '-요'

Let's learn about "너무 밝아"

너무 밝아 : It's too bright

[other expressions]
- 너무 밝다. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 밝네. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 밝아. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 밝군! (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 밝구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 밝네요. (honourific by '요')
- 너무 밝군요! (honourific by '요')
- 너무 밝아요. (honourific by '요')
- 너무 밝습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 너무 : too much

* 밝은 : [Pronunciation: 발근] bright
* 밝게 : [Pronunciation: 발께] an adverb form of 밝은
* 밝다 : [Pronunciation: 박따] be bright
* 밝고 : [Pronunciation: 발꼬] 밝다 + -고(and)

* 밝아 : [Pronunciation: 발가] 밝(the stem of 밝다) + -아( a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 밝습니다 : [Pronunciation: 박습니다] 밝(the stem of 밝다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ' / ‘스-’

2022-08-09

Let's learn about "두려워하지 마"

두려워하지 마 : Do'nt be scared

[other expressions]
- 두려워하지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 두려워하지 마라. (to younger people or friends)
- 두려워하지 말래. (to younger people or friends)
- 두려워하지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 두려워하지 말래요. (honourific by '요')
- 두려워하지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 두려워하지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 두려워하지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 두려워하지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')
- 두려워하지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 두려워하지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 두렵다 : (1) be afraid of; (be) scared; frightened; terrified (2) (be) feared; apprehended; be in danger (of) (3) be awed by
* 두려워 : fearful, dreadful, afraid, frightened
* 두려운 : afraid, fearful; frightened

* 두려워하다 : fear; be afraid of; dread; be scared (at); be in fear of; be in a fright; be timid (of) <-- 두려워 + -하다

* 두려워하지 : 두려워하(the stem of 두려워하다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시어(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)
* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

Let's learn about "우울해"

우울해 : I'm depressed

[other expressions]
- 우울하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 우울하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 우울해. (to younger people or friends)
- 우울하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 우울하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 우울하네요. (honourific by '요')
- 우울하군요! (honourific by '요')
- 우울해요. (honourific by '요')
- 우울합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 우울한 : depressed
* 우울하게 : an adverb form of 우울한
* 우울하다 : be depressed

* 우울합니다 : 우울하(the stem of 우울하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "다음에 봐"

다음에 봐 : See you next time

[other expressions]
- 다음에 보자. (to younger people or friends)
- 다음에 봐. (to younger people or friends)
- 다음에 봐요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 다음에 봅시다. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 다음에 보지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 다음에 보시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)
- 다음에 보십시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 다음 : next
* -에 : a time suffix
* 다음에 : next time

* 보다 : see

* 보자 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 봐 : 보(the stem of  보가; 보 + -아 contracted into 해) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 봐요 : 보(the stem of  보다; 보 + -어 contracted into 해) + -아(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 보시지요 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 봅시다 : 보(the stem of  보다)  + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")
* 보십시다 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* a verb + -자 / -아 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"
* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -십시다 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "휴가 계획 있어?"

휴가 계획 있어? : Do you have any vacation plans?
<-- this is a short of "휴가를 갈 계획이 있어?"

[other expressions]
- 휴가 계획 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 휴가 계획 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 휴가 계획 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 휴가 계획 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 휴가 계획 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 휴가 계획 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 휴가 계획 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 휴가 계획 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 휴가 계획 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 휴가 계획 있으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 휴가 계획 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 휴가 계획 있으시지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 휴가 계획 있으시죠? (more honourific by ‘-시’; -죠? is a short form of -시죠?)
- 휴가 계획 있으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]
* 휴가 : vacation
* -를 : a particle makes 휴가 objective aftera word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 가다 : go
* 갈 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense); this omitted

* 계획 : plan
* -이 : a particle makes 계획 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 있다 : be; exist; there is; there are

* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 있으신가요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으시지요? = 있으시죠? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -으세요? / -으시지요? / -으시죠? / -으십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’