1. 식사 - 기타 대화 :
* 식사 : a meal
* 기타 : and so in; etc
* 대화 : conversation; talk
* 기타 대화 : talk (about), conversation (about/with), dialogue (between/with)
2. See the original: https://phrase.dict.naver.com/detail.nhn?bigCategoryNo=5&middleCategoryNo=47&smallCategoryNo=237&targetLanguage=en
3. 대화(Dialogue)
<A person> 미국인은 보통 무엇을 먹어요? : What do Americans usually eat?
[other expressions]
- 미국인은 보통 뭐/뭘/무엇을 먹나(요)?
- 미국인은 보통 뭐/뭘/무엇을 먹어(요)?
- 미국인은 보통 뭐/뭘/무엇을 먹습니까? (formal; more honourific)
[explanations]
* 미국인 : American
* 은 : a suffix makes a noun subjective after a word ends a consonant
* 보통 / 통상 : usually; often
* 뭐 / 뭘 : a short form of 무엇을
* 무엇 : what
* 을 : a suffix makes a noun objective after a word ends a consonant
* 먹다 : eat
* -나- / -어- : a questioning verb ending suffix has no honourific manner
* -요 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* -습니- : a suffix makes a verb more honourific
* -까 : a questioning verb ending suffix
* -나요? / -어요? / -습니까? : an honourific questioning verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
<B person> 빵과 고기를 먹어요. 한국인은 어때요? : Bread and meat. What about Koreans?
[other expressions]
- 빵과 고기를 먹어요. 한국인은 어때(요)?
- 빵과 고기를 먹어요. 한국인은 어떻습니까? (formal; more honourific)
[explanations]
* 빵 : bread
* 과 : and (this is used after a word ends a consonant)
* 고기 : meat
* 을 : a suffix makes a noun objective after a word ends a vowel
* 먹다 : eat
* -어- : a descriptive verb ending suffix has no honourific manner
* -요 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* 한국인 : Korean
* 은 : a suffix makes a noun subjective after a word ends a consonant
* 어떠하다 / 어떻다 : be how
* 어때 : 어떠하다 + -어
* -어- : a questioning verb ending suffix has no honourific manner
* -요 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* 어떻습니까? : 어떻다 + -습니까?
* -습니- : a suffix makes a verb more honourific
* -까 : a questioning verb ending suffix
* -어요? / -습니까? : an honourific questioning verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
<A person> 한국인은 주로 밥을 먹어요 : Rice is the staple food in Korea.
[other expressions]
- 한국인은 주로 밥(을) 먹어(요).
- 한국인은 주로 밥(을) 먹습니다. (formal; more honourific)
[explanations]
* 한국인 : Korean
* 은 : a suffix makes a noun subjective after a word ends a consonant
* 주로 : mainly
* 밥 : rice
* 을 : a suffix makes a noun objective after a word ends a vowel
* 먹다 : eat
* -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has no honourific manner
* -요 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* -습니- : a suffix makes a verb more honourific
* -다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix
* -어요 / -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
4. 문장(Sentences)
1) 부족하면 더 시키도록 해요 : Order some more if you're still hungry.
[other expressions]
- 부족하면 더 시켜(요)
- 부족하면 더 시키세요.
- 부족하면 더 시키십시오.
- 부족하면 더 시키도록 해(요).
- 부족하면 더 시키도록 하세요.
[explanations]
* 부족[不足] : shortage; lack; want; scarcity; deficiency; a deficit
* 부족[部族] : a tribe
* 부족한 : insufficient; short; deficient; wanting; lacking; scanty
* 부족하다 : be in short supply; fail; be[come / drop / fall / run] short ; want; lack; be lacking ; be in want[need]
* -면 : if
* 더 : more
* 부족하면 : if you’re still hungry in this sentence
* 시키다 : (1) have (a person do) (2) order
* 시켜 : 시키다 + -어
* -도록 : (1) so that; in order that; that; (so as) to; in order to (2) till; until; to the point where
* 하다 : do
* 해 : 하다 + -어
* 시켜(요) / 시키세(요) / 시키십시오 / 시키도록 해요 / 시키도록 하세요 : please order something
* -어- / -세- / -십시- : an imperative or persuasive suffix has no honourific manner
* -요 / -오 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* -어요 / -세요 / -십시오 : an honourific imperative or persuasive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-오’
2) 왜 그렇게 빨리 먹어요? : What's the hurry?
[other expressions]
- 왜 그렇게 빨리 먹나(요)?
- 왜 그렇게 빨리 먹어(요)?
- 왜 그렇게 빨리 먹습니까? (formal; more honourific)
[explanations]
* 왜 : why
* 그렇게 : like that
* 빨리 : rapidly; hurry in this sentence
* 먹다 : eat
* -나- / -어- : a questioning verb ending suffix has no honourific manner
* -요 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* -습니- : a suffix makes a verb more honourific
* -까 : a questioning verb ending suffix
* -나요? / -어요? / -습니까? : an honourific questioning verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
3) 천천히 드세요 : Take your time.
[other expressions]
- 천천히 먹어라. (to the younger or friends only)
- 천천히 먹어(요).
- 천천히 드세요.
- 천천히 드십시오. (formal; more honourific)
[explanations]
* 천천히 : slow
* 먹다 : eat
* -어 / -어라 : an imperative or persuasive verb ending suffix has no honourific manner
* -십시- : an imperative or persuasive verb ending suffix has an honourific manner
* -요 / -오 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* -어요 / -십시오 : an honourific imperative or persuasive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-십’
4) 담배를 피워도 돼요? : May I smoke?
[other expressions]
- 담배(를) 피워도 돼(요)?
- 담배(를) 피워도 됩니까?
[explanations]
* 담배 : tobacco; cigar; cigarette
* 를 : a suffix makes a noun objective after a word ends a vowel
* 피우다 : (1) [불을 피우다] make [build] (a fire); burn; kindle (2) [담배를 피우다] smoke (tobacco, a pipe); have a smoke (3) [냄새를 피우다] give off [send out] (an odor); emit (a scent); scent (4) [먼지를 피우다] raise [make, kick up] (dust) (5) [바람을 피우다] do; play; display; perform (6) [꽃을 피우다] make (flowers) open [bloom]
* 피워도 : 피우다 + -어도
* -어도 : whatever may ~; though ~ (An auxillary suffix link that acknowledges the facts in the preceding sentence but indicates that it is irrelevant to the following words)
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can in this sentence
* 돼 : 되다 + -어
* 됩니까? : 되다 + ㅂ니까?
* -나- / -어- : a questioning suffix has no honourific manner
* -요 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* -나요? / -어요? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific imperative or persuasive verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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