1. 음식 문제 : food problem
* 음식 : food
* 문제 : problem; issue
2. See the original: https://phrase.dict.naver.com/detail.nhn?bigCategoryNo=5&middleCategoryNo=48&smallCategoryNo=240&targetLanguage=en
3. 대화(Dialogue)
<A person> 여기 좀 보세요 : Excuse me.
[other expressions]
- 저기요.
- 여기요.
- 여기 좀 봐요.
- 여기 좀 보세요. (formal)
[explanations]
* 저기 : there
* 여기 : here
* -요 : a suffix makes a noun honourific
* 저기요 / 여기요 : Excuse me in this sentence
* 좀 : (1) a little (2) please in this sentence
* 보다 : look; see; watch
* 봐요 : 보다 + -아- + -요
* 보세요 : 보다 + -시- + -어- + -요
* -아- / -어- : a descriptive verb suffix
* -시- : a suffix makes a verb more honourific
* a verb + -어요 / -아요 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’
* 봐요 / 보세요 / 보십시오 : please come here in this sentence
<B person> 네, 무엇을 도와드릴까요? : Yes, how may I help you?
[other expressions]
- 네, 뭐/뭘/무엇을 도와줘요?
- 네, 뭐/뭘/무엇을 도와줄까요? (formal)
- 네, 뭐/뭘/무엇을 도와드려요?
- 네, 뭐/뭘/무엇을 도와드릴까요? (formal)
[explanations]
* 네 / 예 : yes
* 뭐 / 뭘 : a short form of 무엇을
* 무엇 : what
* 을 : a suffix makes a noun objective after a worr ends a consonant
* 돕다 : help
* 주다 : give
* 도와 : 돕다 + -아(a connection suffix between teo verbs)
* 도와주다 : help
* 도와드리다 : an honourific form of 도와주다
* 도와줘요 : 도와주다 + -어- + -요
* 도와줄까요 : 도와주다 + -ㄹ- + -까- + -요
* 도와드려요 : 도와드리다 + -여- + -요
* 도와드릴까요 : 도와드리다 + -ㄹ- + -까 + -요
* -어- / -여- : a descriptive or questioning verb suffix
* -ㄹ- : a letter makes a verb future tense
* -까- : a questioning verb suffix
* -요 : a suffix makes a noun honourific
* a verb + -어요? / -여요? / -ㄹ까요? : a questioning verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’
<A person> 이 음식이 상한 것 같아요 : I think this food is off.
[other expressions]
- 이 음식(이/은) 상한 거/것 같네요.
- 이 음식(이/은) 상한 거/것 같아요.
- 이 음식(이/은) 상한 거/것 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 이 : this
* 음식 : food
* 이 / 은 : a suffix makes a noun subjective after a word ends a consonant
* 상한 : stale; not fresh; spoiled, rotten, decayed
* 상하다 : a verb form of 상한
* 거 / 것 : a thing; a stuff; anything we think
* 같은 : same, equal, equivalent, identical, identic
* 같다 : (1) be equal, be same (2) think in this sentence
* -ㄴ 거/것 같다 : I think ~
* a verb + -네요 / -아요 / -습니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
<B person> 죄송합니다. 새로 해 드리겠습니다 : I'm sorry. I'll get you a new order.
[other expressions]
- 죄송해요.
- 죄송합니다. (formal)
- 새로 해 줄게요.
- 새로 해 드릴게요.
- 새로 해 드리겠습니다. (formal; more honourific)
[explanations]
* 죄송한 : sorry
* 죄송(하다) : I’m sorry
* 해요 : 하다 + -어- + -요
* -어- : a descriptive verb suffix has no honourific manner
* -요 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* 합니다 : 하다 + -ㅂ니다
* 새로 : new; again in this sentence
* 새롭게 : newly
* 해 : 하다 + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 주다 : give
* 해 주다 : make and give (again)
* 줄게요 : 주다 + -ㄹ + -게- + -요
* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다 to other person. esp. to the elderly
* 드릴게요 : 드리다 + -ㄹ + -게- + -요
* -ㄹ : a letter makes a verb future tense
* -게- : one’s will
* -요 : a suffix makes a verb honourific
* 드리겠습니다 : 드리다 + -겠- + -습니다
* -겠 : one’s will
* -습니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-습’
4. 문장( Sentences)
1) 다시 가져다 주시겠어요? : Could I get a new order of this?
[other expressions]
- 다시 가져다 줘라. (to the younger or friends)
- 다시 가져다 줘요.
- 다시 가져다 줄래요.
- 다기 가져다 주세요.
- 다시 가져다 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 다시 가져다 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-십’)
- 다시 가져다 주시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘-십’)
[explanations]
* 다시 : again
* 가지다 : (1) have; hold (in one's hand); carry; have (a thing) with [about] one (2) possess; own; hold; keep; cherish; entertain (hopes) (3) be pregnant; be expecting; be in the family way; be with young (4) have; cherish; harbor
* 가져다 : 가지다 + -여다
* a verb + -여다 / -어다 : after one did something; with doing something
* 주다 : give
* 가져다 주다 : bring over
* 줘라 : 주다 + -어- + -라
* 줘요 : 주다 + -어- + -요
* 줄래요 : 주다 + -래- + -요
* 주세요 : 주다 + -세- + -요
* 주실래요 : 주다 + -시- + -ㄹ래 + -요
* 주십시오 : 주다 + -시- + -ㅂ시오
* 주시겠어요 : 주다 + -시- + -겠 + -어- + -요
* -시- : a verb suffix makes a verb more honourific
* -겠- : a requesting verb suffix before -어요? / -습니까?
* a verb + -어 / -래 / -세 / -ㄹ래 : an imperative or persuasive verb suffix has no honourific manner
* a verb + -라 : an imperative verb ending suffix has no honourific manner
* a verb + -요 / -ㅂ시오 : an imperative or persuasive verb suffix has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
* a verb + -래요 / -세요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요? : a persuasive verb ending suffix, means "please", has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
2) 다른 요리가 나왔어요 : This is the wrong dish.
[other expressions]
- 다른 요리(가) 나왔어요.
- 다른 요리(가) 나왔습니다. (formal)
[explanations]
* 다른 : other
* 요리 : food; meal; dish; cooking
* 가 : a suffix makes a noun the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel
* 나오다 : come out; be servered in this sentence
* 나왔다 : 나오다 + -았- + -다
* -았- / -었- : a suffix makes a verb past tense or perfect past tense
* -다 : a formal verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 : a descriptive verb suffix has no honourific manner
* a verb + -어요 / -습니다 : a descriptive verb suffix has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
3) 이것은 제가 주문한 게 아니에요 : This isn't what I ordered.
[other expressions]
- 이건/이것은 제가 주문한 게/것이 아닌데(요)
- 이건/이것은 제가 주문한 게/것이 아니에요.
- 이건/이것은 제가 주문한 게/것이 아닙니다. (formal)
[explanations]
* 이건 : a short form of 이것은
* 이것 : this (thing)
* 은 : a suffix makes 이것 subjective after a worf ends a consonant
* 제 : I (honourific form to other person)
* 가 : a suffix makes 제 subjective after a word ends a vowel
* 주문 : ordering
* 주문하다 : order
* 주문한 : 주문하다 + -ㄴ(a letter makes a verb perfect past tense)
* 게 : a short form of 것이
* 것 : a thing; a stuff; a food in this sentence
* 이 : a suffix makes 주문한 것 the topic of the sentence
* 아니다 : be not
* 아닌데요 : 아니다 + -ㄴ데 + -요
* 아니에요 : 아니다 + -에요
* 아닙니다 : 아니다 + -ㅂ니다
* a verb + -ㄴ데 : a descriptive verb ending suffix, indicates some question to other person, has no honourific manner
* a verb + -ㄴ데요 / -에요 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
4) 이 고기는 충분히 익지 않았어요 : The meat is undercooked.
[other expressions]
- 이 고기(는) 충분히 익지 않았네(요)
- 이 고기(는) 충분히 익지 않았어(요)
- 이 고기(는) 충분히 익지 않았습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 이 : this
* 고기 : meat
* 는 : a suffix makes 이 고기 the topic of the sentence or subject after a word ends a vowel
* 충분한 : enough, sufficient, ample, plenty
* 충분히 / 충분하게 : completely; fully
* 익다 : (1) ripe; be [get, grow, become] ripe; mellow; mature (2) be [get, become] used [accustomed, inured, habituated](to); be familiar (with); be experienced (in); get [be] skilled (in); become skillful (3) be [get] cooked; be done (4) become seasoned; be matured; ferment; mature; age
* -지 않다 : doesn’t
* -지 않았다 : didn’t
* a verb + -네 / -어 : a verb suffix has nonhonourific.
* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -습니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
5) 음식이 식었어요. 데워 주세요 : Excuse me, but my food is cold. Could you heat it up again?
[other expressions]
- 음식(이) 식었네(요).
- 음식(이) 식었어(요)
- 음식(이) 식었습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
- 데워 주라.
- 데워 줘요.
- 데워 줄래요.
- 데워 주세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 데워 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 데워 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-십’)
- 데워 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 음식 : food
* 이 : s suffix makes 음식 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant
* 식은 : cold
* 식다 : become cold
* 식었다 : past tense of 식다
* a verb + -네 / -어 : a verb suffix has nonhonourific.
* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -습니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
* 데우다 : heat it up
* 데워 : 데우다 + -어(a connection betweeb two verbs)
* 주다 : give
* 데워 주다 : heat it up and serve it
* 줘라 : 주다 + -어- + -라
* 줘요 : 주다 + -어- + -요
* 줄래요 : 주다 + -래- + -요
* 주세요 : 주다 + -세- + -요
* 주실래요 : 주다 + -시- + -ㄹ래 + -요
* 주십시오 : 주다 + -시- + -ㅂ시오
* 주시겠어요 : 주다 + -시- + -겠 + -어- + -요
* -시- : a verb suffix makes a verb more honourific
* -겠- : a requesting verb suffix before -어요? / -습니까?
* a verb + -어 / -래 / -세 / -ㄹ래 : an imperative or persuasive verb suffix has no honourific manner
* a verb + -라 : an imperative verb ending suffix has no honourific manner
* a verb + -요 / -ㅂ시오 : an imperative or persuasive verb suffix has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
* a verb + -래요 / -세요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요? : a persuasive verb ending suffix, means "please", has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
6) 음식에서 뭐가 나왔어요 : I found something in the food.
[other expressions]
- 음식에서 뭐가/무엇이 나왔네(요).
- 음식에서 뭐가/무엇이 나왔어(요).
- 음식에서 뭐가/무엇이 나왔습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 음식 : food
* 에서 : a place suffix means "from; out of"
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)
* 가 : a suffix makes 뭐 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel
* 이 : a suffix makes 무엇 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant
* 나오다 : come out
* 나왔다 : past tense of 나오다
* a verb + -네 / -어 : a verb suffix has nonhonourific.
* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -습니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
7) 수프에 뭐가 들어 있어요 : I found something in the soup.
[other expressions]
- 수프에 뭐가/무엇이 들어 있네(요).
- 수프에 뭐가/무엇이 들어 있어(요)
- 수프에 뭐가/무엇이 들어 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-습’)
[explanations]
* 수프 : soup
* 에 : a place suffix means "in"
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)
* 가 : a suffix makes 뭐 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel
* 이 : a suffix makes 무엇 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant
* 들다 : enter into
* 들어 : 들다 + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 있다 : be; exist; have
* a verb + -네 / -어 : a verb suffix has nonhonourific.
* a verb + -네요 / -어요 / -습니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific manner by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’
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