1. 좀 더 있다가 가지 그래? : Why don’t you stay longer? / Please stay longer / Can’t you stick around a little longer? / Hang out for a few more minutes / Stay for a few more minutes
[other expressions]
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가지 그러니? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가지 그러나? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가지 그러냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가지 그래? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가지 그래요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가지 그럽니까? (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가지. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가게. (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가지요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 좀 더 있다(가) 가시겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘시’)
[explanations]
* 좀 : a little with please nuance
* 더 : more
* 있다 : (1) be; exist; have (2) stay; hang out; stick around in the sentence
* 있다가 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -다/다가(a suffix indicates that two or more facts take place alternately; one is "stay", another is "move; leave")
* 가다 : go (out); leave
* 가지 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -지(a connection suffix is used before an interrogative word like 그래?)
* 그렇다 / 그러하다 : be such; do such
* 그러니? : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ erased before -ㄴ) + -니?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 그러나? : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ erased before -ㄴ) + -나?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 그러냐? : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ erased before -ㄴ) + -냐?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 그래? : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ erased before -어; 어 + -아 changed into "래") + -아?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 그래요? : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ erased before -어; 어 + -아 changed into "래") + -아?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 그럽니까? : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ erased before -ㅂ) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -아 : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -아? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific verb ending suffix
* 가지 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -지(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~")
* 가게 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -게(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~")
* 가지요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가시지요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가시죠 : a short form of 가시지요
* 가세요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가십시오 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~")
* 가시겠어요? : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener’s will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 가시겠습니까? : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener’s will) + 스( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시까?(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~")
* a verb + -지 / -게 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~"
* a verb + -지요 / -죠 / -시죠 / -세요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요? / -시겠습니까? : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Why don’t you ~; Please ~; Can’t you ~"
2. 나도 그러고 싶지만, 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 해 : I’d like to, but I have to be home by 10
[other expressions]
- 나도 그러고 싶지만 (to younger people or friends)
- 나도 그러고 싶다만 (to younger people or friends)
- 저도 그러고 싶지만 (to anybody by ‘저’(honourific word))
- 저도 그러고 싶다만 (to anybody by ‘저’(honourific word))
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 하는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 해. (to younger people or friends)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 하는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가야 합니다. (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가 봐야 한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가 봐야 하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가 봐야 하는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가 봐야 해. (to younger people or friends)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가 봐야 하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가 봐야 하는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가 봐야 해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 10시 까지는 집에 들어가 봐야 합니다. (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -도 : also; too; this used instead of -는(a subject particle after a word ends in a vowel)
* 그렇다 / 그러하다 : be such; do such
* 그러고 : 그렇(the stem of 그렇다; ㅎ erased before -고) + -고(in orde to do)
* 싶다 : wish; want; like to do
* 싶지만 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -지만(but)
* 10 시 : ten o’clock
* 까지 : until; by; up to
* -는 : a time suffix intensify -까지
* 집 : a house; home
* -에 : a place suffix means "at; to; toward)
* 들어가다 : go into; enter <— 들다(enter) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + -가다(go)
* 들어가야 : 들어가(the stem of 들어가다) + -야(have to; should)
* 들어가 : 들어가(the stem of 들어가다) + -어(+ -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) try in the sentence
* 보아야 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아야(have to; should)
* 봐야 : a short form of 보아야
* 하다 : do
* -야 하다 / -아야 하다 : have to do; should do
* 한다 : a present form of 하다 by ‘-ㄴ’
* 하는데 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -는데(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix expresses one’s feeling or emotion about a fact or state. It has an attitude or nuance that seems a little hesitant for the speaker to speak. It is also used to express a simple feeling of admiration in an exclamation)
* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 합니다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -는데 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -는데 / -어 + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’
3. 이제 가 봐야겠어요. 늦었어요 : I’d better get going, It’s getting late
[other expressions]
- 이제 가야겠다. (to younger people or friends)
- 이제 가야겠네. (to younger people or friends)
- 이제 가야겠어. (to younger people or friends)
- 이제 가야겠는걸. (to younger people or friends)
- 이제 가야겠는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 이제 가야겠네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이제 가야겠어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이제 가야겠는걸요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이제 가야겠는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이제 가야겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 늦었다. (to younger people or friends)
- 늦었네. (to younger people or friends)
- 늦었어. (to younger people or friends)
- 늦었네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 늦었어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 늦었습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 늦은 거 같다. (to younger people or friends)
- 늦은 거 같네. (to younger people or friends)
- 늦은 거 같아. (to younger people or friends)
- 늦은 거 같네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 늦은 거 같아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 늦은 거 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
[explanations]
* 이제 : [=지금] right now
* 가다 : go
* 가야겠다 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -아야(have to do) + -겠(the speaker’s will) + -다(a non-honourific basic verb ending suffix)
* 가야겠는걸 : 가야겠(the stem of 가야겠다) + -는걸(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix expresses one’s feeling or emotion about a fact or state. It is also used to express a simple feeling of admiration in an exclamation)
* 가야겠는데 : 가야겠(the stem of 가야겠다) + -는데(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix expresses one’s feeling or emotion about a fact or state. It has an attitude or nuance that seems a little hesitant for the speaker to speak. It is also used to express a simple feeling of admiration in an exclamation)
* 가야겠는걸 : It's a word that tells the speaker that he should go confidently without feeling sorry.
* 가야겠는데 : The speaker says that he has to go as if it's hard to bring it up because he's sorry that he's going first.
* 가야겠는걸 / 가야겠는데 : 반말(non-honourific word)
* 가야겠는걸요 / 가야겠는데요 : 존칭어/높임말(honourific word)
* -요 indicates the sentence always is honourific word(존칭어 / 높임말)
* 가야겠습니다 : 가야겠(the stem of 가야겠다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 나는 : 나(I; non-honourific word) + -는(a subject particle after word ends in a vowel); this omitted
* 저는 : 저(I; honourific word) + -는(a subject particle after word ends in a vowel); this omitted
* 늦은 : late
* 늦다 : be late
* 늦었다 : past tense or past perfect of 늦다 by ‘-었-‘
* 늦었습니다 : 늦었(the stem of 늦었가) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 거 : a short form of 것( a thing)
* 같다 : [Pronunciation: 가타] (1) [=동일하다, 동등하다] be same; be identical (to/with); be equal (to); equivalent (to); [=공통된] be common (2) [=비슷하다, 유사하다] be similar (to); be like; be alike (3) I think in the sentence
* -ㄹ 거 같다 / -ㄹ 것 같다 : I think that I’ll ~; It seems ~ It look ~
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -아 / -는걸 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -아 / -는걸 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
4. 야! 초저녁이쟎아. 맥주 한 잔 더 해 : Come on! It’s still early / The night hasn’t even begun yet / The sun’s still out / The night is still young. Have another beer
[other expressions]
- 야! (to younger people or friends)
- 이봐! (to younger people or friends)
- 어이! (to younger people or friends)
- 헤이! (to younger people or friends)
- 자네! (a man to younger man)
- 이봐요! (honourific by ‘-요’; but to younger people or friends)
- 저기요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아직 초저녁이잖니. (to younger people or friends)
- 아직 초저녁이잖냐. (to younger people or friends)
- 아직 초저녁이잖아. (to younger people or friends)
- 아직 초자녁인걸. (to younger people or friends)
- 아직 초저녁인데. (to younger people or friends)
- 아직 초저녁인걸요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아직 초저녁인데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아직 초저녁이잖아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 아직 초저녁이잖습니까. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 하자. (to younger people or friends)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 해. (to younger people or friends)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 할래. (to younger people or friends)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 할래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 하실래요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 합시다. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 하십시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 하시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 맥주 한 잔 더 하시겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 야 / 이봐 / 어이 / 헤이 / 자네 : come on; hey
* 아직 : yet; as yet; still
* 초저녁 / 이른 저녁 : early (in the) evening; the early hours of evening
* 초- / 이른 : early
* 저녁: evening
* 이다 : be; exist; have
* -잖다 : a short form of -지 않다(not)
* 초저녁이잖니 : 초저녁 + 이(the stem of 이다) + 잖(the stem of 잖다) + -니(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 초저녁이잖나 : 초저녁 + 이(the stem of 이다) + 잖(the stem of 잖다) + -나(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 초저녁이잖아 : 초저녁 + 이(the stem of 이다) + 잖(the stem of 잖다) + -아(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 초저녁이잖아요 : 초저녁 + 이(the stem of 이다) + 잖(the stem of 잖다) + -아(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 초저녁이잖습니까 : 초저녁 + 이(the stem of 이다) + 잖(the stem of 잖다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* -잖니 / -잖나 / -잖아 / -잖아요 / -잖습니다 : these suffixes have the nuance of blaming or criticizing the other person
* 초저녁인걸 : 초저녁 + 이(the stem of ㅇ다) + -ㄴ걸(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix expresses one’s feeling or emotion about a fact or state. It is also used to express a simple feeling of admiration in an exclamation)
* 초저녁인데 : 초저녁 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix expresses one’s feeling or emotion about a fact or state. It has an attitude or nuance that seems a little hesitant for the speaker to speak. It is also used to express a simple feeling of admiration in an exclamation)
* 초저녁인걸요 : 초자녁인걸 + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 초저녁인데요 : 초자녁인데 + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 맥주 : beer
* -를 : a suffix makes 맥주 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 한 : one
* 잔 : a cup of
* 더 : more
* 하다 : do
* 한 잔 하다 : have a drink
* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~"
* 할래 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~")
* 하실래요 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix maks a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix) means "Let’s ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 합시다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㅂ시다(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~")
* 하십시다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix maks a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시다(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~")
* 하시겠어요? : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix maks a verb more honourific) + 겠(a suffix asks the listener’s will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 하시겠습니까 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -시(a suffix maks a verb more honourific) + 겠(a suffix asks the listener’s will) + -스(a suffix maks a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~")
* a verb + -자 / -ㄹ래 / -어 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~"
* a verb + -ㄹ래 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -ㅂ시다 / -시겠어요? / -시겠습니까? : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let’s ~"
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