Let’s learn about "없어?”

손이 없어? 발이 없어? : Don’t you have hands or feet?

[other expressions]

- 손이 없니? (to younger people or friends)

- 손이 없나? (to younger people or friends)

- 손이 없냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 손이 없어? (to younger people or friends)

- 손이 없는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 손이 없나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 손이 없어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 손이 없는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 손이 없습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 손이 없으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 손이 없으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 손이 없으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 발이 없니? (to younger people or friends)

- 발이 없나? (to younger people or friends)

- 발이 없냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 발이 없어? (to younger people or friends)

- 발이 없는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 발이 없나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 발이 없어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 발이 없는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 발이 없습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 발이 없으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 발이 없으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 발이 없으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]

* 손 : hand

* 발 : foot

* -이 : a particle makes 손 /  발 the topic og the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 없다 : be not ; don’t exist; there is not ; there are not

*없습니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 없으신가요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 없으세요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 없으십니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -으세요? / -으십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let’s learn about "마지막 희망”

이게 내 마지막 희망이었는데... : This was my last hope

[other expressions]

- 이게 내 마지막 희망이었다. (to younger people or friends)

- 이게 내 마지막 희망이었네. (to younger people or friends)

- 이게 내 마지막 희망이었어. (to younger people or friends)

- 이게 내 마지막 희망이었는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 이게 내 마지막 희망이었네요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 이게 내 마지막 희망이었어요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 이게 내 마지막 희망이었습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 이게 : a short form of 이것이(this thing is ~)

* 이 : this

* 것 : a thing

* -이 : a particle makes 이것 subjective after a word ends in consonant

* 내 = 나의 : my (non-honourific word)

* 제 = 저의 : my (honourific word)

* 마지막 : last

* 희망 : [Pronunciation: 히망] hope; wish; desire; aspiration; ambition; prospect; anticipation

* 이다 : be

* 이었다 : past tense of 이다 by ‘-었-‘

* 이었습니다 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -었(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -는데 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let’s learn about "못하다”

1. 저 한국말 잘 못해요 : I can’t speak korean very well

2. 저 한국말 능숙하지 않아요 / 저 한국말 능숙하지 못해요 : I'm not fluent in Korean

[other expressions]

- 나 한국말 잘 못한다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 한국말 잘 못하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 한국말 잘 못해. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 한국말 잘 못하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 한국말 잘 못해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 한국말 잘 못합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 나 한국말 능숙하지 않다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 한국말 능숙하지 않네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 한국말 능숙하지 않아. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 한국말 능숙하지 않네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 한국말 능숙하지 않아요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 한국말 능숙하지 않습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 나 한국말 능숙하지 못하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 한국말 능숙하지 못하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 한국말 능숙하지 못해. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 한국말 능숙하지 못하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 한국말 능숙하지 못해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저 한국말 능숙하지 못합니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’) 

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 한국 : Korea

* 말 : word

* 한국말 : Korean (language)

* 을 : a particle makes 한국말 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 잘 : well

* 못하다 : (1) [=수준이 떨어지다] inferior (to) (2) [used as a form of "못해도") at least (3) [=잘하지 못하다] be bad[poor] (at), be weak (in); can’t

- 훨씬 못하다 : fall[be] far beneath (in)

- 그녀를 짝사랑하는 남자가 못해도 다섯 명은 될 것이다 : At least five men have a crush on her

- 저는 노래를 못해요 : I'm a terrible singer

* 잘 못하다 : can’t do well

* 능숙 : skill, skillfulness, dexterity, expertness, cleverness, proficiency, adeptness

* 능숙한 : skilled, skillful, expert, proficient, good, clever, dexterous, deft, adroit, adept

* 능숙하다 : verb form of 능숙한

* 능숙하지 : 능숙하(the stem of 능숙하다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타] be not

* 못해 : 못하(the stem of 못하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 못합니다 : 못하(the stem of 못하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 않습니다 : 않(the stem of 않다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* -지 못하다 = -지 않다 : can’t do

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let’s learn about "싫어하다•좋아하다”

1. 싫어해요 : dislike; hate

1) 나 이 영화 싫어해요 : I hate this movie

2) 아이스크림 싫어해요 : I hate icecream

2. 좋아하다 : like

1) 나 이 영화 좋아해요 : I like this movie

2) 아이스크림 좋아해요 : I like icecream

[other expressions]

- 싫어한다. (to younger people or friends)

- 싫어하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 싫어해. (to younger people or friends)

- 싫어하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 싫어해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 싫어합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 좋아한다. (to younger people or friends)

- 좋아하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 좋아해. (to younger people or friends)

- 좋아하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 좋아해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 좋아합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 영화 : movie

* -를 : a particle makes 영화 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 싫어하다 : [Pronunciation: 실어하다] hate; dislike

* 싫어한다 : present tense of 싫어하다 by ‘-ㄴ’

* 싫어해 : 싫어하(the stem of 싫어하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 싫어합니다 : 싫어하(the stem of 싫어하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 좋아하다 : like

* 좋아한다 : present tense of 좋아하다 by ‘-ㄴ’

* 좋아해 : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 좋아합니다 : 좋아하(the stem of 좋아하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

Let’s learn about "갔다주다•가져다주다”

오빠, 나 휴대폰 좀 갔다줘 = 오빠, 나 휴대폰 좀 가져다줘 : Oppa, please get my phone

[other expressions]

* 여동생이랑 오빠가 나이 차이가 적은 경우는 반말 사용(If your younger sister and older brother have a small age gap, use informal speech)

* 여동생이랑 오빠가 나이 차이가 많은 경우는 존댓말 사용(If your younger sister and older brother have a big age gap, use honorifics)

<반말(informal speech>

- 오빠, 나 휴대폰 좀 갔다줘.

- 오빠, 나 휴대폰 좀 갔다줘라.

- 오빠, 나 휴대폰 좀 갔다줄래.

- 오빠, 나 휴대폰 좀 가져다줘.

- 오빠, 나 휴대폰 좀 가져다줘라.

- 오빠, 나 휴대폰 좀 가져다줄래.

<존댓말(honorifics speech)>

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 갔다줄래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 갔다주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 갔다주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 갔다주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 갔다주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 갔다주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 갔다주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 갔다주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 가져다줄래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 가져다주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 가져다주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 가져다주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 가져다주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 가져다주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 가져다주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 오빠, 저 휴대폰 좀 가져다주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 오빠 : elder brother of a girl; A man who's a little older than me

* 나 : I; my (a non-honourific word)

* 저 : I; my (an honourific word)

* -의 : a suffix makes 나 / 저 possesive

* 나의 = 내

* 저의 = 제

* 휴대폰 : cell phone

* -을 : a particle makes 휴대폰 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 갔다주다 : will give someting to someone <— 갔다(went) + -다(after doing; this contracted with 갔다) + 주다(give)

* 가져다주다 : bring something to someone <— 가지다(take; have) + -여다(after doing) + 주다(give)

* 주다 : to give

* -다주다 / -여다주다  : to do something for someone

* a requesting form of -다 주다 / -여다주다 : this menas “Please ~”

* 줘 : 주다 + -어

* 줘라 : 주다 + -어라

* 줄래 : 주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래

* 주실래요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verrb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래 + -요

* 주세요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요

* 주셔요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요

* 주십시오 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오

* 주시겠어요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(one’s will) + -어 + -요

* 주시겠습니까 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(one’s will) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific requesting verb ending suffix

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : a non-honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠습니까 : a requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let’a learn about "포기 안 해”

나 포기 안 할게 : I won’t give up

[other expressions]

- 나 포기 안 한다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 포기 안 해. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 포기 안 할게. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 포기 안 해요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 저 포기 안 할게요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 저 포기 안 하겠습니다. (more honourific by ‘스’)

- 저 포기 안 합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]

* 나 : this can be replaced by 난; I (non-honourific word to yoinger people or friends)

* 저 : this can be replaced by 전; I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 나는 = 난

* 저는 = 전

* 포기 : (1) a root; a plant; a head (2) abandonment; resignation; surrender; renunciation; waiving; disclaimer; waiver; relinquishment

* 포기하다 : abandon; give up; throw up; resign (one's right); forsake; renounce (war); surrender; waive; forfeit

* 포기 : a short form of 포기하지 

* 포기하지 : 포기하(the stem of 포기하다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 안 : this is equal to "not” in English

* 하다 : do

* 안 하다 : don’t do

* 한다 : present tense of 하다 by ‘-ㄴ’

* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 할게 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix means "one’s will”)

* 합니다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 하겠습니다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -겠("one’s will”) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -어 / -ㄹ게 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix means "I would ~" / "I will ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ게 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니다 / -겠습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix means "I would ~" / "I will ~"

Let’s learn about "해내다”

니가 해냈어 : You nailed it

[other expressions]

- 니가 해냈다. (to younger people or friends)

- 니가 해냈네. (to younger people or friends)

- 니가 해냈어. (to younger people or friends)

- 니가 해냈군! (to younger people or friends)

- 니가 해냈구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 오빠가 해냈네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오빠가 해냈어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오빠가 해냈군요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 오빠가 해냈습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 니 / 너 / 네 : you (non-honourific word to younger peoplen or friends)

* 오빠 : elder brother of a girl; A man who's a little older than me

* -가 : a particle makes 니 / 너 / 네 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 해내다 : 1) accomplish; achieve; carry through; perform; fulfil; succeed (in) (2) go at; beat; lick; put down; get the better of <— 하다(do) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 내다(come out; produce; make a goof result)

* 해냈다 : past tense of 해내다 by ‘었’

* 해냈습니다 : 해냈(the stem of 해냈다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나 : a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : a non-honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 : -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘습’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let’s learn about "그런데요. 선배”

그런데요. 선배 : By the way, my senior

[other expressions]

- 그런데. 선배.

- 그런데요. 선배.

- 근데. 선배.

- 근데요. 선배.

- 그렇지만. 선배.

- 그렇지만요. 선배.

[explanations]

* 그런데 : [큰 의미 없이(without meaning)] well; [화제를 바꿀 때(When you change the subject)] by the way, anyway; [=그렇지만•근데] but, however

- 그런데 어디서 식사를 하지요? = 근데 어디서 식사 하지요? : Well, where shall we eat?

- 근데, 내가 어디까지 말했지.. : By the way, how far did I go? / By the way, how far did I say?

- 그렇지만 나는 이렇게 생각하는데... : But this is what I think

* 근데 : a short form of 그런데

* 근데요 : 근데 + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 그런데요 : 그런데 + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 그렇지만요 : 그렇지만 + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 선배 : a senior; a superior; an elder; an old timer; predecessor <— 선(before) + 배(a fellow; people)

Let’s learn about "최고•최악”

이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최고야 : This restaurant is the best of its kind in town

이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최악이야 : This restaurant is the worst of its kind in town

[other expressions]

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최고다. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최고네. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최고야. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최고네요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최고예요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최고입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최악이다. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최악이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최악이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최악이네요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최악이에요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 이 식당이 동네 식당들 중에서 최악입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

[explanations]

* 이 : this

* 식당 : restaurant

* 은 : ㅋa particle makes 이 식당 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 동네 : village

* -의 : a particle makes 동네 possesive

* 식당 : restaurant

* -들 : a suffix makes a 식당 plural; this suffix is equal to "-이트” / “-트" / "-야트” in Mogolian etc (ex. 커레이트, 부리야트 ...)

* 중 : between; among

* -에서 : a place suffix means "in"

* 최고 : the best

* 최악 : the worst

* -이다 : be

* a word ends in a vowel + -다 / -네 / -야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다

* a word ends in a consonant + -이다 / -이네 / -이야 : a non-honourific form of 이다

* a noun + -네 / -이네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a word ends in a vowel + -예요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

* a word ends in a consonant + -이에요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let’s learn about "먹었어?”

<to younger people or friends>

아침 먹었어? : Did you have breakfast?

점심 먹었니? : Did you have lunch?

저녁 먹었어? : Did you have dinner?

<to the elderly>

식사하셨어요? : Did you have meal?

진지 잡수셨어요? : Did you have meal?

진지 드셨어요? : Did you have meal?

[other expressions]

- 아침 먹었니? (to younger people or friends)

- 아침 먹었나? (to younger people or friends)

- 아침 먹었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 아침 먹었어? (to younger people or friends)

- 아침 먹었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 아침 먹었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아침 먹었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아침 먹었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아침 먹었습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 아침 드셨나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 아침 드셨어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 아침 드셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 점심 먹었니? (to younger people or friends)

- 점심 먹었나? (to younger people or friends)

- 점심 먹었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 점심 먹었어? (to younger people or friends)

- 점심 먹었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 점심 먹었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 점심 먹었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 점심 먹었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 점심 먹었습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 점심 드셨나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 점심 드셨어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 점심 드셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 저녁 먹었니? (to younger people or friends)

- 저녁 먹었나? (to younger people or friends)

- 저녁 먹었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 저녁 먹었어? (to younger people or friends)

- 저녁 먹었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 저녁 먹었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저녁 먹었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저녁 먹었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저녁 먹었습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 저녁 드셨나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 저녁 드셨어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 저녁 드셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 식사했어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 식사하셨나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 식사하셨어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 식사하셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

<to the elderly only>

- 진지 드셨나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 진지 드셨어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 진지 드셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 진지 잡수셨나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 진지 잡수셨어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 진지 잡수셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]

* 아침 : (1) morning (2) breakfast

* 점심 : lunch

* 저녁 : (1) evening (2) dinner

* 아침에 : in the morning

* 점심에 / 정오에 : at noon

* 저녁에 : in the evening

* 자정에 : at midnight

* 아침 때 : at breakfast

* 점심 때 = 저녁 시간에 : during lunch

* 저녁 때 : at dinner

* 먹다 : eat

* 밥 : meal

* 진지 : (1) (military) camp, encampment (2) seriousness (3) meal (honourific word to the elderly)

- 산속에 진지를 구축하다 : build[set] up a stronghold in the mountain

- 진지한 대화를 나누다 : have[make] a(n) earnest[sincere] conversation (with)

- 진지 잡수셨습니까? : Have you had your meal?

*먹었습니까? : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 드셨나요? : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 드셨어요? : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 드셨습니까? : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 식사 : meal

* 식사하다 : have a meal

* 식사했어요? : 식사하(the stem of 식사하다) + -었(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 식사하셨나요? : 식사하(the stem of 식사하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 식사하셨어요? : 식사하(the stem of 식사하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 식사하셨습니까? : 식사하(the stem of 식사하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 잡숫다 = 잡수다: eat; have (honourific word to the elderly)

- 할아버지, 진지 잡수세요 : Grandpa, dinner is ready!

* 잡수셨나요? : 잡수(the stem of 잡수다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 잡수셨어요? : 잡수(the stem of 잡수다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 잡수셨습니까? : 잡수(the stem of 잡수다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let’s learn about "뒤돌아봐”

뒤돌아봐 : turn around

[other expressions]

- 뒤돌아봐. (to younger people or friends)

- 뒤돌아봐라. (to younger people or friends)

- 뒤돌아볼래. (to younger people or friends)

- 뒤돌아보실래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 뒤돌아봐요. (honourific by ‘스’)

- 뒤돌아보십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 뒤돌아보시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘스’)

- 뒤돌아보시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 뒤돌아보다 : turn around <- 뒤(after; backward) + 돌다(turn) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 보다(see; look; watch)

* 뒤돌아봐 : 뒤돌아보(the stem of 뒤돌아보다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix)

* 뒤돌아봐라 : 뒤돌아보(the stem of 뒤돌아보다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix)

* 뒤돌아볼래 : 뒤돌아보(the stem of 뒤돌아보다) + -ㄹ( a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix)

* 뒤돌아볼래요 : 뒤돌아보(the stem of 뒤돌아보다) + -ㄹ( a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive or imperative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 뒤돌아보십시오 : 뒤돌아보(the stem of 뒤돌아보다) + -시( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix)

* 뒤돌아보시겠어요 : 뒤돌아보(the stem of 뒤돌아보다) + -시( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix)

* 뒤돌아보시겠습니까 : 뒤돌아보(the stem of 뒤돌아보다) + -시( a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks listener’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "Do ~" or "Please ~"

* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "Do ~" or "Please ~"