1. 새로 온 룸메이트는 누구야? 어떤 사람이야? : Who’s your new roommate? What’s she like?
[other expressions]
- 새로 온 룸메이트는 누구니? (to younger people or friends)
- 새로 온 룸메이트는 누구냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 새로 온 룸메이트는 누구야? (to younger people or friends)
- 새로 온 룸메이트는 누구인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 새로 온 룸메이트는 누구인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 새로 온 룸메이트는 누구예요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 새로 온 룸메이트는 누구입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 어떤 사람이니? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떤 사람이냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떤 사람이야? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떤 사람인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떤 사람인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 어떤 사람이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 어떤 사람입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 새로 : newly; anew; afresh
* 오다 : come
* 온 : past tense or present perfect of 오다
* 룸메이트 : room mate
* -는 : a particle makes 룸메이트 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 누구 : who
* -이다 : be
* a word ends in a vowel + -니? = a word ends in a consonant + -이니?
* a word ends in a vowel + -냐? = a word ends in a consonant + -이냐?
* a word ends in a vowel + -야? = a word ends in a consonant + -이야?
* a word ends in a vowel + -예요? = a word ends in a consonant + -이에요?
* 누구인가? : 누구 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?
* 누구입니까? : 누구 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?
* 어떤 : (1) what kind [sort] of; whatlike (2) any; every; no... (3) a certain; some
- 어떤 것? : Which one?
- 어떤 것을 원해요? : Which one do you want?
- 어떤 것이 가장 좋아요? : Which one is the best?
- 어떤 것이 나아요? : Which one is better?
- 어떤 것이 더 싸요? : Which one is cheaper?
* 사람 : human being (non-honourific to him or her)
* -이다 : be
* 사람인가? : 사람 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?
* 사람입니까? : 사람 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?
* a noun + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -이니? / -이냐? / -이야? / -인가? : a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다
* a noun + -인가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -예요? / -이에요? / -입니까? : an honourific interrogative form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
2. 리사라고 해. 정말 작고 귀여워! Her name is Lisa. She’s so tiny and cute!
[other expressions]
- 리사라고 한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 리사라고 하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 리사라고 해. (to younger people or friends)
- 리사라고 하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’; might be rude)
- 리사라고 해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 리사라고 합니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 정말 작고 귀여워. (to younger people or friends)
- 정말 작고 귀여워요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 정말 작고 귀엽습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
[explanations]
* 리사 : the name of a girl called Lisa
* -라 / -라고 : (saying) that it is; call-ing it (by name); "quote"
* 하다 : (1) do (2) call; name in the sentence
* -라 하다 / -라고 하다 : (1) someone is called as one’s name (2) something is considered as ~
* 한다 : present tense of 하다 by ‘-ㄴ’
* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -어
* 합니다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㅂ니다
* 정말 : really; so much; so many
* 작다 : [Pronunciation: 작따] (1) [부피(volume)·길이(length)·넓이(width)·키(height)] be small (2) [소리(sound)] be weak (3) [옷(clothing)·신(shoes)·모자(hat)의 치수(size)] be not fit; be unsuitable (4) [규모(scale)·범위(scope)·도량(generosity/broad-mindedness)·정도(degree)] be not large (5) [금액(amount of money)·수치(numerical value/figure)] be low in unit
* 작은 : adjective form of 작다
* 작고 : 작(the stem of 작다) + -고(and; and then)
* 귀엽다 : [Pronunciation: 귀엽따] [irregular] be cute; be petite
* 귀여운 : adjective form of 귀엽다
* 귀여워 : 귀여운(ㄴ erased before -어) + -어
* 귀엽습니다 : 귀엽(the stem of 귀엽다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다
* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
3. 몸무게가 얼마예요? / How much do you weigh? / What’s your weight? / May I ask how much you weigh? / What’s your weight in kilos?
[other expressions]
- 몸무게가 얼마니? (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게가 얼마냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게가 얼마야? (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게가 얼마인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게가 얼마인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 몸무게가 얼마예요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 몸무게가 얼마입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 몸무게가 몇이니? (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게가 몇이냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게가 몇이야? (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게가 몇인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게가 몇인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 몸무게가 몇이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 몸무게가 몇입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 몸 : body
* 무게 : weight
* -가 : a particle makes 몸무게 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 얼마 : (1) how many; how much (2) how much; what (3) by; so much (4) to some extent; in some degree; in a way [manner]
- 내가 얼마 드려야 해요? : How much do I owe you?
- 지금 얼마 있어요? : How much money do you have?
- 전부다 얼마(예요)? : How much altogether?
* -이다 : be
* a word ends in a vowel + -니? = a word ends in a consonant + -이니?
* a word ends in a vowel + -냐? = a word ends in a consonant + -이냐?
* a word ends in a vowel + -야? = a word ends in a consonant + -이야?
* a word ends in a vowel + -예요? = a word ends in a consonant + -이에요?
* 얼마인가? : 얼마 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?
* 얼마입니까? : 얼마 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?
* 몇 : how many; how much
* -이다 : be
* 몇인가? : 몇 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?
* 몇입니까? : 몇 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?
* a noun + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -이니? / -이냐? / -이야? / -인가? : a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다
* a noun + -인가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -예요? / -이에요? / -입니까? : an honourific interrogative form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
4. 몸무게를 말씀해 주시겠어요? : Could you tell me your weight?
[other expressions]
- 몸무게 말해 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게 말해 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게 말해 줄래. (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게 말해 줘요. (to younger people or friends; honourific by ‘-요’)
- 몸무게 말해 줄래요. (to younger people or friends; honourific by ‘-요’)
- 몸무게를 말씀해 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘말씀’ and ‘시-‘)
- 몸무게를 말씀해 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘말씀’ and ‘시-‘)
- 몸무게를 말씀해 주시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘말씀’ and ‘시-‘)
- 몸무게를 말씀해 주시겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘말씀’ and ‘시-‘)
[explanations]
* 몸 : body
* 무게 : weight
* -를 : a particle makes 몸무게 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 말 : a word
* 말하다 / 말을 하다 : speak; say; tell (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)
* 말씀 : a word (honourific word to the elderly by ‘-씀’
* 말씀하시다 / 말씀을 하시다 : speak; say; tell (honourific word to the elderly by ‘-씀’ and ‘-시-‘)
* 말해 : 말하(the stem of 말하다) + -어( a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 말씀해 : 말씀하(the stem of 말하다) + -어( a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 주다 : give; give away; present; bestow; confer; grant; donate; provide
* -어 주다 : do for (a person)
* 줘 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 줘요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(a honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* 주시겠어요? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks listener’s will) + -어?(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 주시겠습니까? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks listener’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(a honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")
* a verb + -줘 / -줄래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + + -줘 / -줄래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요? / -시겠습니까? : a honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by ‘-요’ / ‘-오’ / ‘-시’ / ‘습’
5. 몸무게를 재본 지 굉장히 오래됐어요 : It’s been a long time since I last weighed myself
[other expressions]
- 몸무게를 재본 지 굉장히 오래됐다. (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게를 재본 지 굉장히 오래됐네. (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게를 재본 지 굉장히 오래됐어. (to younger people or friends)
- 몸무게를 재본 지 굉장히 오래됐네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 몸무게를 재본 지 굉장히 오래됐어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 몸무게를 재본 지 굉장히 오래됐습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’
[explanations]
* 몸 : body
* 무게 : weight
* -를 : a particle makes 몸무게 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 재다 : (1) [=측정하다] measure; gauge; survey; sound (2) [계산하다] calculate; [=심사숙고하다•고려해 보다] give careful consideration; view (3) spy upon (a person); [=이리저리 헤아리다] sound [investigate] (a person) on a subject; feel out (a person's) view (4) [=장전하다] load (a gun); charge; feed (a gun) (5) [=뽐내다•자랑하다] be proud of; be boasted of; be high-browed (6) press; smooth (down); lodge (7) pile on [up]; put in layers; lay one thing on another (8) [=재빠르다] be quick; be nimble; be agile; be alert; be talkative; be loose-tongued
- 몸무게를 재다 : weigh oneself
- 수심을 재다 : measure the depth of water
- 시간을 재다 : measure time with a stopwatch
- 이리저리 재 보다 : view (a matter) from various angles
- 총을 재다 : load a gun
- 야! 너무 재지 마라 : Hey! Don't brag too much
* 재보다 : 재다 + 보다(try); try to measure
* 재본 : past tense of 재보다 <— 재보(the stem of 재보다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense)
* 지 : since; from; after; this is used with -ㄴ of 재본
* 굉장히 : [=매우•아주•엄청] very; very much; exceedingly; greatly; immensely; exceedingly; mag-nificently; awfully; terribly
* 오래 : long; for a long time
- 오래 기다렸어요? : Have you been waiting long?
- 오래 전에 : A long time ago
- 당신을 너무 오래 기다리게 해서 죄송합니다 : I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long
- 저 남자 아이가 저기에 얼마나 오래 앉아 있었는지 얘기 좀 해줘 : Tell me how long that boy has been sitting there
* 되다 : become
* 오래되다 : It's been a while; is is It’s been too long; too much time go by
* 오래되었다 : past tense of 오래되다 by ‘-었-‘
* 오래됐다 : a short form of 오래되었다
* 오래됐습니다 : 오래됐(the stem of 오래됐다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + 네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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