1. 이제 너도 나잇값을 해야 할 것 같은데 : I think it’s time you started acting your age.
[other expressions]
* These shoudn’t used to the very elderly more than you because it is so rude to the verh elderly
- 이제 너도 나잇값 해야 할 거 같다. (to younger people or friends)
- 이제 너도 나잇값 해야 할 거 같네. (to younger people or friends)
- 이제 너도 나잇값 해야 할 거 같아. (to younger people or friends)
- 이제 오빠도 나이값 해야 할 거 같네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이제 오빠도 나잇값 해야 할 거 같아요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 이제 오빠도 나잇값 해야 할 거 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
[explanations]
* 이제 : now
* 너 / 니 : you (non-honourific word)
* 오빠 : a elder brother of a girl (honourific word)
* -도 : too; also; this is used instead of -는(a particle makes 너 / 니 / 오빠 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 나이 : age
* 값 : value
* 나잇값 : [Pronunciation: 나이깝/나읻깝] behavior appropriate to [be fitting] one's age <— 나이 + -ㅅ(this is inserted for easy pronunciation; this called as "사이시엇") + 값
* -을 : a particle makes 나잇값 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted
* 하다 : do
* 해야 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -어야(should; must; ought to
* -어야 하다 / -아야 하다 : should do; must do; ought to do
* 할 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive before a noun like 거/것)
* -거 / 것 : a thing
* 같다 : (1) be equal to (2) seem; look like in the sentence
* -ㄹ 거 같다 / -ㄹ 것 같다 : seem; look like; I think ~; I guess ~
* 같습니다 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 : a non-honouricic descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
2. 그냥 놔둬. 난 아직 마음은 십대라고 : Oh, leave me alone. I still feel like a teenager
[other expressions]
- 그냥 놔두라. (to younger people or friends)
- 그냥 놔둬. (to younger people or friends)
- 그냥 놔둬요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그냥 놔두십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 난 아직 마음은 십대다. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 아직 마음은 십대네. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 아직 마음은 십대야. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 아직 마음은 십대라고. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 아직 마음은 십대라구. (to younger people or friends)
- 전 아직 마음은 십대네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 아직 마음은 십대라고요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 아직 마음은 십대라구요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 아직 마음은 십대예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 아직 마음은 십대입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 날 : a short form of 나를; this omitted
* 절 : a short form of 저를; this omitted
* 나 : I; me (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I; me (honourific word)
* -를 : a particle makes 나 / 저 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 그냥 : as it is; as it stands; as you find it; in that condition; all the way
- 그냥 구경하고 있어요 : I'm just looking
- 우리가 전에 한 말은 그냥 잊어버려 : Please forget what we talked about earlier
* 놔두다 : a short form of 놓아두다
* 놓아두다 : leave (a thing) as it is; let (a person) alone
* 놔두라 : 놔두(a stem of 놔두다) + -라(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* 놔둬 : 놔두(a stem of 놔두다) + -어(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* 놔두십시오 : 놔두(a stem of 놔두다) + -시(a suffix mskes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* 놓아두라 : 놓아두(a stem of 놓아두다) + -라(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* 놓아둬 : 놓아두(a stem of 놓아두다) + -어(a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* 놓아두십시오 : 놓아두(a stem of 놓아두다) + -시(a suffix mskes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -라 / -어 : a non-honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 : an honourific propositve verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 아직 : yet
* 맘 : a short form of 마음
* 마음 : heart; mind
* -는 : a particle makes 마음 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* 십대 : teenage; teen
* -이다 : be
* 십대라고 : 십대 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted before -라고) + -라고
* 십대라구 : 십대 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted before -라고) + -라구
* -라구 : a different form of -라고 expresses the strong nuance of dissatisfaction or complaint to the other person
* -라고 : an non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix that asks back or shows dissatisfaction
* -다 : a short form of -이다
* -네 : a short form of -이네
* -야 : a short form of -이야
* -라고 : a short form of -이라고
* -라구 : a short form of -이라구
* -네요 : a short form of -이네요
* -예요 : a short form of -이에요
* a noun + -다 / -네 / -야 / -라고 / -라구 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -네 / -라고 / -라구 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다
3. 별자리가 뭐예요? : What’s your sign?
[other expressions]
- 별자리가 뭐니? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 뭐냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 뭐야? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 뭔가? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 뭔데? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 뭐여? (to younger people or friends; this might be rude)
- 별자리가 뭔가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 별자리가 뭔데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 별자리가 뭐예요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 별자리가 뭡니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 별자리가 무엇이니? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 무엇이냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 무엇이야? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 무엇인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 무엇인데? (to younger people or friends)
- 별자리가 무엇이여? (to younger people or friends; this might be rude)
- 별자리가 무엇인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 별자리가 무엇인데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 별자리가 무엇이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 별자리가 무엇입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 별 : star
* 자리 : (1) seat; chair (2) position; location
* 별자리 = 성좌 : a constellation; an asterism <— 성(star) + 좌(location)
* -가 : a particle makes 별자리 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)
* 이다 : be
* 뭐니? : a short form of 무엇이니?
* 뭐냐? : a short form of 무엇이냐?
* 뭐야? : a short form of 무엇이야?
* 뭔가? : a short form of 무엇인가?
* 뭔데? : a short form of 무엇인데?
* 뭐여? : a short form of 무엇이여?
* 뭔가요? : a short form of 무엇인가요?
* 뭐예요? : a short form of 무엇이에요?
* 뭡니까? : a short form of 무엇입니까?
* 뭔가? : 뭐 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -ㄴ가?
* 뭔데? : 뭐 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omited) + -ㄴ데?
* 뭐예요? : 뭐 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omited) + -에요?
* 뭡니까? : 뭐 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?
* 무엇인가? : 무엇 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?
* 무엇인데? : 무엇 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ데?
* 무엇이에요? : 무엇 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -에요?
* 무엇입니까? : 무엇 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?
* a noun + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ데? / -여? / -이니? / -이냐? / -이야? / -인가? / -인데? : a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다
* a noun + -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ데? / -인가? / -인데? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -예요? / -이에요? / -ㅂ니까? /-입니까? : an honourific interrogative form of 이다
4. 사자자리예요 : I’m a Leo.
[other expressions]
- 사자자리다. (to younger people or friends)
- 사자자리네. (to younger people or friends)
- 사자자리야. (to younger people or friends)
- 사자자리여. (to younger people or friends)
- 사자자리네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 사자자리예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 사자자리입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 사자 : lion; leo
* 자리 : (1) seat; chair (2) position; location
* 별자리 = 성좌 : a constellation; an asterism <— 성(star) + 좌(location)
* -이다 : be
* -다 : a short form of -이다
* -네 : a short form of -이네
* -야 : a short form of -이야
* -여 : a short form of -이여
* -네요 : a short form of -이네요
* -예요 : a short form of -이에요
* a noun + -다 / -네 / -야 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -예요 / -이에요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다
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