Let's learn about "니가 정말 미워"

니가 정말 미워 : I really hate you

[other expressions]

- 니가 정말 밉다. (to younger people or friends)

- 니가 정말 밉네. (to younger people or friends)

- 니가 정말 미워. (to younger people or friends)

- 니가 정말 밉군! (to younger people or friends)

- 니가 정말 밉구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 언니가 정말 밉네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 언니가 정말 미워요. (honourific by '-요')

- 언니가 정말 밉군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 언니가 정말 밉습니다.. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 니 = 너 : you (non-honourific word)

* 언니 : a woman is elder than a woman

* -가 : a particle makes 니 / 언니 the topic of the sentence a after a vowel

* 정말 : really

* 미운 : [=싫은] hateful; disgusting; detestable; odious; [=가증스러운] abominable; cursed; [=심술궂은] spiteful; [얄미운] provoking

- 미운 사람 : an odious person / a detestable [hateful] fellow

- 미운 짓 : spiteful conduct

- 밉지 않은 : innocent / artless / naive

- 주는 것 없이 밉다 : have an antipathy[a prejudice] 

- 밉게 굴다 : behave[act] detestably[abominably]

- 저 놈이 밉다 : I hate[detest / loathe] that man

- 예닐곱 살 때는 한창 미운 짓만 한다 : A boy of six or seven is really mischievous

- 그가 그녀를 밉지 않게 생각하고 있는 것 같다 : He seems to be attracted by[have a liking for] her

* 밉다 : : [=싫다] be hateful; be disgusting; be detestable; be odious; [=가증스럽다] be abominable; be cursed; [=심술궂다] be spiteful; [얄밉다] be provoking

* 미워 : 밉(the stem of 밉다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* ㅂ 불규칙 : the ㅂ of 밉다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

* See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

* 밉습니다 : 밉(the stem of 밉다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "지난 일에 화내지 마"

지난 일에 화내지 마 : Don't look back in anger

other expressions]

- 지난 일에 화내지 마. (to younger people or friends)

- 지난 일에 화내지 마라. (to younger people or friends)

- 지난 일에 화내지 말래. (to younger people or friends)

- 지난 일에 화내지 마요. (honourific by '요')

- 지난 일에 화내지 말래요. (honourific by '요')

- 지난 일에 화내지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')

- 지난 일에 화내지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')

- 지난 일에 화내지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')

- 지난 일에 화내지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')

- 지난 일에 화내지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')

- 지난 일에 화내지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 지나다 : (1) (시간이) pass, go by (2) (장소를) pass (by), go by (3) (때·시기 등이) be gone, be past; (예정일 등이) be overdue

* 지난 : past tense of 지나다 by '-ㄴ'

* 일 : (1) [=인간의 신체적·정신적 활동] work; [=힘든 일] labor; [=임무] duty, task; [=직업] job, employment (2) [=용무] business (3) [=문제] matter, affair, concern

* -에 a place suffix

* 지난 일 : the past; bygones; a past event

- 지난 일을 돌아보다 : look back upon the past

* 화내다 : got angry

* 화내지 : 화내(the stem of 화내다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)

* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)

* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)

* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)

* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "

* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

Let's learn about "참 애매하네"

참 애매하네 : (1) It's really ambiguous (2) [=말하기 곤란하네] It's hard to say

[other expressions]

- 참 애매하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 참 애매하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 참 애매해. (to younger people or friends)

- 참 애매하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 참 애매하구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 참 애매하네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 참 애매해요. (honourific by '-요')

- 참 애매하군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 참 애매합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 참 : (1) [=진실] truth; reality; verity; [=사실] fact (2) [=정말로] really; truly; indeed; quite; very (3) <감탄사> well; oh; what; really; by the way (4) true; real; veritable; genuine

- …이 참임을 증명하다 : certify the truth of ‥

- 참 재미있었다 : I had such a good time, indeed

- 참 난처하게 되었다 : This is a nice kettle of fish. / It's really annoying. / What an awful mess!

- 참 좋은 집이구나 : What a fine house!

- 참 안 됐어 : What a pity!

- 오늘은 참 덥다 : How hot it is today!

- 그 여자 참 미인인데 : She is a real beauty

- 나는 참 운이 좋았다 : I had capital luck

- 참 : 아름답다 It is really beautiful

- 참, 자네한테 물어 볼 말이 있네 : Well, now, I have something to ask you

- 참, 오늘이 월요일이지 : Oh, it's Monday, isn't it?

- 참 별사람 다 보겠네 : Really now, I have never seen such a dreadful person!

- 참 별소리 다 듣겠다 : Just what do you mean talking to me that way?

- 참 김씨를 알고 있나 : By the way, do you (happen to) know Mr. Kim?

- 참뜻 : the true meaning[sense]

- 참사람 : a true[an honest] man

- 참사랑 : a true love

* 참 : [站] (1) [=역참] a post; a station; a stage (2) [=쉬는 곳] a stop; a resting place (3) [=휴식] a (short) rest ; a recess; a break; a respite ; a spell; [=쉬는 시간에 먹는 식사] a snack taken during a recess (4) [=계제] the occasion; [=찰나·순간] the instance; the moment; the time

- 층계참 : a halfpace / a (mean) landing / a footpace / a platform

ㆍ밥 먹으려는 참에 : just as[when] one is about to eat / the moment one is going to eat / on the point of eating

- 너를 부르러 사람을 보내려던 참 이었다 : I was just on the point of sending for you

* 애매한 : (1) ambiguous (2) dark; darksome; backhanded; neutral

* 애매하다 : a verb form of 애매한

* 애매하게 : an adverb form of 애매한

* 애매합니다 : 애매하(the stem of 애매하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "볼 일이 좀 있어"

볼 일이 좀 있어 : I have something to do

ex)

A. 선생님! 여긴 왠 일이세요? : Sir! What are you doing here?

B. 볼 일이 좀 있어서 왔네. 그동안 잘 지냈는가? : I'm here to do some business. How have you been?

A. 예. 선생님도 별 일 없으시죠? : Yes. Is everything all right with you?

B. 그럼. 나야 별 일 없지 : Of course. I'm fine

[other expressions]

- 볼 일이 좀 있다. (to younger people or friends)

- 볼 일이 좀 있네. (to younger people or friends)

- 볼 일이 좀 있어. (to younger people or friends)

- 볼 일이 좀 있네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 볼 일이 좀 있어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 볼 일이 좀 있습니다.. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 보다 : (1) see (2) do in the sentence

* 볼 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 일 : (1) work (2) business

* -이 : a particle makes 일 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 좀 : a short form of 조금(a little; some)

* 있다 : be; exist; have

* -ㄹ 일이 있다 : have something to do

* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "우리 어디 가?"

우리 어디 가? : Where are we going?

ex)

A. 우리 어디 가? : Where are we going?

B. 나도 몰라 : I don't know either

C. 우리 엄마 생일 선물 사러 가 : We're going to buy our mom a birthday present

[other expressions]

<to the younger or friends>

- 우리 어디 가니?

- 우리 어디 가나?

- 우리 어디 가냐?

- 우리 어디 가?

- 우리 어디 가는데?

<to anybody>

- 저희 어디 가나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저희 어디 가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저희 어디 가는데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 저희 어디 갑니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 저희 어디 가십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]

* 우리 : we (non-honourific word)

* 저희 : we (honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 우리 / 저희 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 어디 : where

* -로 : a short form of -으로(to; toward); this omitted

* 가다 : go

* 가? : 가(the stem of 가; 가 + -아 contracted into 가) + -아?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 갑니까? : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* 가십니까? : 가(the stem of 가다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -아? / -니? / -나? / -는데? : a non-honourific qudstioning verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아 / -는데? + -요 : an honourific interrogative ending suffix

* a verb + -십니까? / -ㅂ니까?: an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-시’ 

Let's learn about "나 다리에 쥐났어"

나 다리에 쥐났어 : I have a cramp in my leg

ex)

A. 너 갑자기 왜 그래? : What's wrong with you?

B. 나 다리에 쥐났어 : I have a cramp in my leg

[other expressions]

- 나 다리에 쥐났다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 다리에 쥐났네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 다리에 쥐났어. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 다리에 쥐났네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저 다리에 쥐났어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저 다리에 쥐났습니다.. (formal; more honourific by '스'

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -의 : a particle makes 나 / 저 possesive; this omitted

* 다리 : leg

* -에 : a place suffix; this can be omitted

* 쥐 : (1) a rat; [=생쥐] a mouse (2) [=근육 경련] cramp; charley horse

- 들 쥐 : a field mouse

- 시궁쥐:  a sewer[wharf] rat; a brown rat

- 집쥐 : house rat

- 쥐숨듯(이) : without leaving any trace

- 독안에 든 쥐다 : be like a rat in a trap

- 범인은 독 안에 든 쥐다 : The culprit is caught like a rat in a trap

- 쥐가 찍찍 울고 있다 : Mice are squeaking [squealing]

- 쥐도 궁지에 몰리면 고양이를 문다 : A stag at bay is a dangerous foe

- 쥐잡기 운동 : an anti-rat drive.

- 쥐나다 = 쥐 나다 = 쥐가 나다 : have a cramp

- 발에 쥐가 나다 : have a cramp in the leg

- 내 다리(근육)에 쥐가 났다 : My leg muscles are stiff. / I have cramps in my leg muscles

* 쥐났다 : past tense or present perfect of 쥐나다 by '-았-'

* 쥐났습니다 : 쥐났(the stem of 쥐났다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "생각보다 별로야"

생각보다 별로야 = 생각보다 별루야 : It's not as good as I thought

[other expressions]

- 생각보다 별로다. (to younger people or friends)

- 생각보다 별로네. (to younger people or friends)

- 생각보다 별로야. (to younger people or friends)

- 생각보다 별로인데. (to younger people or friends)

- 생각보다 별로이군! (to younger people or friends)

- 생각보다 별로이구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 생각보다 별로인데요. (honourific by '요')

- 생각보다 별로이네요. (honourific by '요')

- 생각보다 별로이군요! (honourific by '요')

- 생각보다 별로예요. (honourific by '요')

- 생각보다 별로입니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 생각 : thought

* 보다 : more than; as good as

* 별로 : in particular; particularly; specially; especially; very; much; sometime Korean pronounce 별루 instead of 별로

- 오늘은 별로 바쁘지 않다 : I am not particularly busy today

-  「뭐, 필요하신 게 있습니까」 「아니오, ~ 없습니다」 : "Do you want anything?" "Nothing in particular."

- 그는 별로 상처를 입지는 않았다 : He received no noticeable injuries

- 그것 외에는 별로 이렇다 할 이유가 없습니다 : There is no other special reason

-  「배가 고프니」 「아뇨, ~」 : "Are you hungry?" "No, not very."

- 그의 용태는 별로 좋지 않다 : His condition is not very good

* 이다 : be

* 별로다 : a short form of 별로이다

* 별로네 : a short form of 별로이네

* 별로야 : a short form of 별로이야

* 별로예요 : a short form of 별로이에요

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -여 / -ㄴ데 : a non-honourific descriptive adjective ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory adjective ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -여 / -ㄴ데 / -군! + -요 : an honourific descriptive ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive adjective ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "미친 거니?"

미친 거니? = 미쳤니? : (1) Are you crazy? (2) How did you do such a stupid thing?

[other expressions]

- 미친 거니? (to younger people or friends)

- 미친 거냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 미친 거야? (to younger people or friends)

- 미친 거예요? (to younger people or friends)

- 미친 겁니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 미쳤니? (to younger people or friends)

- 미쳤나? (to younger people or friends)

- 미쳤냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 미쳤어? (to younger people or friends)

- 미쳤습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

[explanations]

* 미친 : mad; crazy; insane; crackbrained; cracked

* 거니? : a short form of 것이니?

* 거냐? : a short form of 것이냐?

* 거야? : a short form of 것이야?

* 거예요? : a short form of 것이에요?

* 겁니까? : a short form of 것입니까?

* 거 : a short form of 것(thing)

* 이다 : be

* 미치다 : [=정신이상이 되다] go mad[out of one's mind]; become[go] insane[crazy]; lose one's head[wits / mind]; go crackers[nuts]

* 미쳤다 : past tense or present perfect of 미치다 by '-였-'

* 미쳤습니까? : 미쳤(the stem of 미쳤다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -야? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "너무 안타깝네"

너무 안타깝네 : Sorry to hear that

[other expressions]

- 너무 안타깝다. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 안타깝네. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 안타까워. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 안타깝군! (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 안타깝구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 안타깝네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 너무 안타까워요. (honourific by '-요')

- 너무 안타깝군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 너무 안타깝습니다.. (formal; more honourific by '스'

[explanations]

* 안타까운 : sorry; regretful; remorseful; distressed, causing sorrow; causing grief; miserable; pitiful

* 안타깝다 : a verb form of 안타까운

* 안타깝게 : an adverb form of 안타까운

* 안타까워 : 안타깝(the stem of 안타깝다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* ㅂ 불규칙 : the ㅂ of 안타깝다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

* See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

* 안타깝습니다 : 안타깝(the stem of 안타깝다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "멀어?"

거기 멀어? : Is it far?

얼마나 멀어? : How far is it?

[other expressions]

- 거기 머니? (to younger people or friends)

- 거기 머나? (to younger people or friends)

- 거기 머냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 거기 먼가? (to younger people or friends)

- 거기 멀어? (to younger people or friends)

- 거기 머나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 거기 먼가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 거기 멀어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 거기 멉니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 얼마나 머니? (to younger people or friends)

- 얼마나 머나? (to younger people or friends)

- 얼마나 머냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 얼마나 먼가? (to younger people or friends)

- 얼마나 멀어? (to younger people or friends)

- 얼마나 머나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 얼마나 먼가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 얼마나 멀어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 얼마나 멉니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]

* 거기 : there

* -까지 : a place suffix means "till; to"

* 얼마나 : how much <— 얼마(how) + -나(a suffix indicates a sign of a guess or a conjecture; approximately)

* 먼 : far (from here)

* 멀다 : [ㄹ 불규칙(irregular)] be far

* 멀게 : an adverb form of 먼

* 머니? : 멀(the stem of 멀다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -니?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 머나? : 멀(the stem of 멀다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -나?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 머냐? : 멀(the stem of 멀다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -냐?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 먼가? : 멀(the stem of 멀다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 멉니까? : 멀(the stem of 멀다; ㄹ erased before ㅂ) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -니?/ -나? / -냐? / -어? / -ㄴ가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + 나? / -어? / -ㄴ가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’ 

Let's learn about "그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었다"

그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었다 : He had no choice but to leave

[other expressions]

- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었어. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었네요. (honourific by '요')

- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었어요. (honourific by '요')

- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 그 : he

* -는 : a particle makes 그 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 떠나다 : leave

* 떠날 : 떠나(the stem of 떠나다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 수 : a way; [=방법] a method

* 밖 : (1) [=바깥쪽] the outside; [=외부] the exterior; [=옥외] the outdoors; the open (air) (2) [=이외] another; the other; the rest; outside of (a limit); with the exception ; [=다른] else; [=다만 …뿐] only; but; no more than; merely; barely

- 당선권 밖에 있다 : be out of the running (in an election)

- 창문 밖을 내다보다 : look out of the window

- 나는 잠자코 참는 수밖에 없었다 : I had no choice [There was nothing for it] but to endure in silence

- 돈은 이것 밖에 없다 : I have only this much money. / This is all the money I have

* -에 : a place suffix

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not; not exist; there is no

* 없었다 : past tense of 없다 by '-었-'

* -ㄹ 수 밖에 없다 : have no choice but to do <-- -ㄹ 방법 이외에는 없다

* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "감정이 북받치다"

감정이  북받치다 : be overwhelmed with emotion

ex) 

A. "작은 아씨들" 드라마 보는데, 자꾸 감정이 북받쳐서 눈물이 날 거 같아 : I'm watching the drama "Little Women" and I feel like I'm going to cry because I'm getting emotional

B. 참 너에게도 감성적인 면이 있구나! : You have a very emotional side, too!

* 북받치다 : [Pronunciation: 북빧치다] (1) [=솟아 나오다] well up; gush out[forth] (2)  [감정이 치밀어 오르다] be filled[seized] ; have a fit ; (사물이) fill one's heart
- 복받쳐 오는 슬픔 : the sorrow welling up within one
- (감동하여) 뜨거운 것이 가슴에 북받치다 : feel a lump rise in one's[the] throat
- 나는 분노가 복받쳐 올랐다 : Indignation surged up within me
- 그녀는 눈물이 복받쳤다 : Tears came into her eyes

Let's learn about "이젠 내게 와줘요"

이젠 내게 와주요 = 이제는 나에게 와줘요 : Please come to me now

ex)

A. 다음 달이면 저 학위 받아요 : I'm getting my degree next month

B. 그럼 이젠 내게 와줘요. 더 이상 늦기 전에 나랑 결혼식부터 합시다. 그리고 나서 공부를 더 하시던지 했으면 좋겠어요 : Then come to me now. Let's get married before it's too late. And then I want you to study more

[other expressions]

- 이젠 내게 와. (to younger people or friends)

- 이젠 내게 와라. (to younger people or friends)

- 이젠 내게 와줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 이젠 내게 와줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 이젠 내게 와줘요. (to younger people or friends)

- 이젠 내게 와줄래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 이젠 제게 와주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이젠 제게 와주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이젠 제게 와주실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이젠 제게 와주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 이제 : now

* -는 : a time suffix emphasizes 이제

* 이젠 : a short form of 이제는

* 내 : I  (non-honourific word)

* 제 : I  (honourific word)

* -게 : to; toward

* 내게 = 나에게 <-- 나(I) + -에게(to)

* 제게 = 저에게 <-- 저(I) + -에게(to)

* 오다 : come

* 주다 : give

* 와주다 : make an effort to come <-- 오(the stem of 오다) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 주다

* -아/어 주다 : do something with effort

* 와 : 오(the stem of  오다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO" or "Please  ~")

* 와줘 : 와주(the stem of  와주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO" or "Please  ~")

* 와줘라 : 와주(the stem of 와주다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")

* 와줄래 : 와주(the stem of 와주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")

* 와줄래요 : 와주(the stem of 와주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 와주세요 : 와주(the stem of  와주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 와주셔요 : 와주(the stem of  와주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 와주실래요 : 와주(the stem of 와주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 와주십시오 : 와주(the stem of  와주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~"

* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~"

가을을 남기고 간 사항 - 패티김

 가을을 남기고간 사랑 - 패티김

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Grr5frZa928

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwbAnc2u_sA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXl5fsWGaSw

가을을 남기고 떠난 사람

겨울은 아직 멀리 있는데

사랑할 수록 깊어가는 슬픔에

눈물은 향기로운 꿈이었나

당신의 눈물이 생각날 때

기억에 남아있는 꿈들이

눈을 감으면 수많은 별이 되어

어두운 밤 하늘에 흘러가리

아 그대 곁에 잠 들고 싶어라

날개를 접은 철새 처럼

눈물로 씌여진 그 편지는

눈물로 다시 지우렵니다

내 가슴에 봄은 멀리 있지만

내 사랑 꽃이 되고 싶어라

아 그대 곁에 잠들고 싶어라

날개를 접은 철새 처럼

눈물로 씌여진 그 편지는

눈물로 다시 지우렵니다

내 가슴에 봄은 멀리 있지만

내 사랑 꽃이 되고 싶어라

[English Lyrics]

The person who left after leaving the autumn is still far away

The deeper the sadness the more I loved, tears were fragrant dreams

When your tears come to mind, the dreams that remain in memory

When I close my eyes, it will become a number of stars and flow in the dark night sky

Ah~ I want to sleep next to you like a migratory bird with folded wings

The letter written in tears will be erased again with tears

Spring is far in my heart, but I want to be my love flower

Ah~ I want to sleep next to you like a migratory bird with folded wings

The letter written in tears will be erased again with tears

Spring is far in my heart, but I want to be my love flower

이별(Farewell) - 패트킴

 이별(Farewell) - 패트킴

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pfyg12sUmQ&t=61s

어쩌다 생각이 나겠지

냉정한 사람이지만

그렇게 사랑했던 기억을

잊을 수는 없을거야

때로는 보고파 지겠지

둥근달을 쳐다보면은

그날밤 그 언약을 생각하면서

지난날을 후회할거야

산을 넘고 멀리멀리 헤어졌건만

바다 건너 두마음은 떨어졌지만

어쩌다 생각이 나겠지

냉정한 사람이지만

그렇게 사랑했던 기억을

잊을 수는 없을거야

산을 넘고 멀리멀리 헤어졌건만

바다 건너 두마음은 떨어졌지만

어쩌다 생각이 나겠지

냉정한 사람이지만

그렇게 사랑했던 기억을

잊을 수는 없을거야

잊을 수는 없을거야

잊을 수는 없을거야

[English Lyrics]

I'll think of you somehow

You're a cold-hearted person,

The memories I loved so much

I can't forget it

Sometimes I miss you

When I look at the round moon,

Thinking about our covenant that night,

I'll regret the past

We broke up far and wide over the mountain

Two hearts fell across the ocean,

I'll think of you somehow

You're a cold-hearted person,

The memory of loving someone so much

I can't forget it

We've crossed the mountain and broken up far and wide

Two hearts fell across the ocean,

I'll think of you somehow

You're a cold-hearted person, but

I remember loving you so much

I can't forget it

I can't forget it

I can't forget it

Let's learn about "맛깔나게"

이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보인다 : This food looks so delicious

[other expressions]

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보인다. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보여. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보이는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보이는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보이는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보이는데요. (honourific by '요')

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보이네요. (honourific by '요')

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보이는군요! (honourific by '요')

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보여요. (honourific by '요')

- 이 음식 정말 맛깔나게 보입니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 이 : this

* 음식 : food

* -은 : a particle makes 이 음식 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 정말 : really

* 맛깔 : [Pronunciation: 맏깔] taste; This is a high-quality word that expresses the taste in a more elegant way(이 단어는 맛을 좀 더 고상하게 표현하는 수준높은 단어임)

* 맛깔스런 = 맛깔스러운 = 맛깔나는 : (1) [=입메 맞는] agreeable [pleasing] to the taste; pleasant-tasting; palatable; nice to the palate (2) [=마음에 드는] agreeable to one's taste; palatable; pleasing (one's taste)

* 맛깔나게 = 맛깔스럽게 = 맛깔스레 : an adverb form of 맛깔스러운 and 맛깔나는

* 맛깔스럽다 : [Pronunciation: 맏깔스럽따] [ㅂ 불규칙] [=맛깔나다 = 맛깔지다] (1) [=입에 맞다] be agreeable [pleasing] to the taste; be pleasant-tasting; be palatable; be toothsome; suit[be to] one's taste[palate]; be nice to the palate (2) [=마음에 들다] agreeable to one's taste; palatable; pleasing; please[catch / suit / capture / take / strike] one's fancy; flatter[suit] taste; be in favor

- 맛깔스러운 음식[맛] : an agreeable food[taste]

- 맛깔스러운 집 a house to one's taste[after one's fancy]

- 저 그림은 맛깔스럽다 : That picture appeals to my taste. / I take a fancy to that picture

- 이 물건들은 도무지 맛깔스럽지 못하다 : These goods are by no means satisfactory

- 니가 사준 한복이 참 맛깔스러우니 정말 좋구나 : The hanbok you bought me is so pleasant for me, so I really like it

* 보다 : see; look; watch

* 보이다 : be seen; passive form of 보다 by '-이-'

* -어 보이다 / -아 보이다 / -게 보이다 : someone looks ~

* 보인다 : present tense of 보이다 by '-ㄴ'

* 보여 : 보이(the stem of 보이다; 이 + -여 contracted into 여) + -여(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 보입니다 : 보이(the stem of 보이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* an adjective + -다 / -네 / -여 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive adjective ending suffix

* an adjective + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory adjective ending suffix

* an adjective + -네 / -여 / -는데 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific descriptive ending suffix

* an adjective + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive adjective ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "내게 오는 길"

내게 오는 길 = 나에게 오늘 길 : Way to me

네게 가는 길 = 너에게 가는 길 : Way to you

님께 가는 길 = 님에게 가는 길 : Way to my honey; Way to my darling

See : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=0wEdHDWSLd4

Let's learn about "행복하게 해줄게"

행복하게 해줄게 : I'll make you happy

[other expressions]

- 행복하게 해줄게. (to younger people or friends)

- 행복하게 해줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 행복하게 해주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 행복하게 해 드릴게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 행복하게 해 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 행복 : happiness

* 행복한 : happy

* 행복하다 : be happy

* 행복하게 : happily

* 하다 : do

* 해주다 : do it for <— 하다(do) + 어(a connection suffix b/n two verb) + 주다(give)

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다 to other person

* 해 드리다 : a polite form of 해주다 <-- 하다(do) + 어(a connection suffix b/n two verb) + 드리다(give)

* 해줄게요 : 해주(the stem of 해주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요

* 드릴게요 : 드리다(the stem of 드리다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요

* 드리겠습니다 : 드리다(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-스'’

Let's learn about "저 모르세요?"

저 모르세요? : Don't you know me?

[other expressions]

- 나 모르니? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 모르나? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 모르냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 몰라? (to younger people or friends)

- 저 모르나요? (honourific by '-요')

- 저 몰라요? (honourific by '-요')

- 저 모르세요? (more honourific by '-시')

- 저 모르셔요? (more honourific by '-시')

- 저 모르십니까? (formal; more honourific by '-시')

[explanation]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -를 : a particle makes 나 / 저 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 모르다 : not know

* 몰라? : 모르(the stem of 모르다; 모르 + -아 contracted into 몰라) + -아?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 모르세요? : 모르(the stem of 모르가) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 모르셔요? : 모르(the stem of 모르가) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 모르십니까? : 모르(the stem of 모르다)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? : an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix  by '-시' / '-요'

Let's learn about "추우니까 문 닫아"

추우니까 문 닫아 : It's (so) cold, so please close the door

[other expressions]

<to younger people or friends>

- 추우니까 문 닫아.

- 추우니까 문 닫아라.

<to your family; but it's better not to use this because this is rude>

- 추우니까 문 닫아요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 추우니까 문 닫으세요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 추우니까 문 닫으셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 추우니까 문 닫으시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 추우니까 문 닫으시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 추우니까 문 닫으십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 추운 : cold; algid

* 춥다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] be cold; be algid

* 추워 : 춥(the stem of 춥다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* ㅂ 불규칙 : the ㅂ of 춥다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

* See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

* 추우니까 : 춥(the stem of 춥다; ㅂ changed into 우 before 니) + -니까(because of)

* -니까 : an emphatic word of -니; (1) [강조] thus; so; I say; I tell you (2) 이유·원인] now that; since; because; due to

- 괜찮다니까 : You needn't do it, I tell you!

- 싫다니까 : I tell you I don't like it

- 네가 그렇게 말하니까 : now that you say so ‥.

- 그는 개를 무서워하니까 : 검둥이를 보자 도망쳐 버렸다 Being afraid of dogs, he ran away at the sight of Blackie

- 식사 준비가 다 된 모양이니까 식당으로 가십시다 : As the meal seems to be all ready, let's go along to the dining room

- 오늘은 토요일이니까 일찍 돌아오겠다 : I'll be back home earlier than usual because it is Saturday today

* 닫다 :  close (the door)

* 닫아 : 닫(the stem of 닫다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 닫아라 : 닫(the stem of 닫다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")

* 닫으세요 : 닫(the stem of 닫다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 닫으셔요 : 닫(the stem of 닫다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 닫으십시오 : 닫(the stem of 닫다)  + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")

* a verb + -아 / -아라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"

* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -으세요 / -으셔요 / -으십시오 / -으시지요 / -으시죠 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Let's learn about "배고파요?"

배고파요? : Are you hungry?

[other expressions]

<to the younger or friends>

- 배고프니?

- 배고프나?

- 배고프냐?

- 배고파?

- 배고픈가?

<to anybody>

- 배고프나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 배고파요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 배고픈가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 배고픕니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 배고프십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]

* 배고픈 : hungry

* 배고프다 : be hungry

* 배고파? : 배고프(the stem of 배고프다; 프 + -아 contracted into 파) + -아?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 배고픕니까? : 배고(the stem of 배고프다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* 배고프십니까? : 배고프(the stem of 배고프다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -아? / -니? / -나? / -은가? : a non-honourific qudstioning verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아 / -은가? + -요 : an honourific interrogative ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까?: an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-요’ / ‘-습’ 

Let's learn about "좋은 소식 있어"

좋은 소식이 있어 : I've got good news

[other expressions]

- 좋은 소식이 있다. (to younger people or friends)

- 좋은 소식이 있네. (to younger people or friends)

- 좋은 소식이 있어. (to younger people or friends)

- 좋은 소식이 있네요. (honourific by '요')

- 좋은 소식이 있어요. (honourific by '요')

- 좋은 소식이 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

좋은 : good

* 소식 : news

* -이 : a particle makes 소식 subjective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have

* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "잠 와요?"

잠 와요? : Are you sleepy?

[other expressions]

- 잠 오니? (to younger people or friends)

- 잠 오나? (to younger people or friends)

- 잠 오냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 잠 와? (to younger people or friends)

- 잠 오는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 잠 오나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 잠 와요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 잠 오는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 잠 옵니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 잠 오시나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 잠 오시는가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 잠 오세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 잠 오시지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 잠 오시죠? (more honourific by ‘-시’; -죠? is a short form of -시죠?)

- 잠 오십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]

* 잠 : sleep

* -이 : a particle makes 잠 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 오다 : come

* 와 : 오(the stem of 오다; 오 + 아 contracted into 와) + -아?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

*옵니까? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

*오시나요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 오시는가요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -는가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 오세요? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 오시지요? = 오시죠? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 오십니까? : 오(the stem of 오다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -아? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -시지요? / -시죠? / + -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "시간 참 빠르다"

시간 참 빠르다 : Time flies

[other expressions]

- 시간 참 빠르다. (to younger people or friends)

- 시간 참 빠르네. (to younger people or friends)

- 시간 참 빨라. (to younger people or friends)

- 시간 참 빠르군! (to younger people or friends)

- 시간 참 빠르구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 시간 참 빠르네요. (honourific by '요')

- 시간 참 빨라요. (honourific by '요')

- 시간 참 빠르군요! (honourific by '요')

- 시간 참 빠릅니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 시간 : time

* -이 : a particle makes 시간 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted

* 빠른 : fast; rapid

* 빠르다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] be fast; be rapid

* 빠르게 : an adverb form of 빠른 by -게'

* 빨라 : 빠르(the stem of 빠르다; 빠르 + -아 changed into 빨라) + -아(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 빠릅니다 : 빠르(the stem of 빠르다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "달아"

달아 = 달콤해 : It's sweet

[other expressions]

- 달다. (to younger people or friends)

- 다네. (to younger people or friends)

- 달아. (to younger people or friends)

- 달군! (to younger people or friends)

- 달구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 다네요. (honourific by '요')

- 달아요. (honourific by '요')

- 달군요! (honourific by '요')

- 답니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 달콤하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 달콤하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 달콤해. (to younger people or friends)

- 달콤하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 달콤하구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 달콤하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 달콤해요. (honourific by '요')

- 달콤하군요! (honourific by '요')

- 달콤합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 단 : sweet

* 달다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] be sweet; this used to express food

* 달게 : an adverb form of 단 by -게'

* 다네 : 달(the stem of 달다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -네(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 답니다 : 달(the stem of 달다: ㅇ erased before ㄴ) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 달아 : when it means "sweet", you should pronounce as high tone and short

* 달아 : when it means "The moon", you should pronounce as low tone and long

* 달콤한 : sweetish; soft; saccharine

* 달콤하다 : be sweetish; be soft; be saccharine; this used to express food or word

- 달콤한 맛 = 단 맛 : sweet taste

- 달콤한 거짓말 : a sweet lie

* 달콤하게 : an adverb form of 달콤한 by -게'

* 달콤해 : 달콤하(the stem of 달콤하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 달콤합니다 : 달콤하(the stem of 달콤하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "혹시 모르니까"

혹시 모르니까 : just in case

ex)

A. 혹시 모르니까. 우산 가지고 가거라 : Just in case. Take your umbrella with you

B. 네. 엄마. 알았어요 : Yes, ma'am. Okay

[other expressions]

- 혹시 모르니까. (to younger people or friends)

- 혹시 모르니까요. (honourific by '-요')

- 혹시 모르겠으니까? (to younger people or friends)

- 혹시 모르겠으니까요? (honourific by '-요')

[explanations]

* 혹시[或是] (1) [=어쩌면] possibly; by some possibility; maybe; by (some) chance (2) [=행여나] if; [걱정하여] lest ‥ should ‥; for fear of ‥[that ‥ may ‥]

- 혹시 집에 계신가 하고 : on the chance that I may find you at home

- 혹시 그럴지도 모른다 : It may be so

- 혹시 그를 만날 수 있을까 해서 그의 사무실을 찾아갔다 : I called at his office on the (off-)chance that I might be able to see him

- 혹시 내가 못 가면 혼자 가 주십시오 : Please go alone, if by any chance I cannot go

- 혹시 런던에서 그를 만나면 안부나 전해 주시오 : If you happen to see him in London, give my best regards

- 자네가 그를 만나게 되면, 내가 만나고 싶어한다고 전해 주게 : If by (any) chance you should see him, tell him I want to see him

- 혹시 …하지나 않을까 하여 : for fear of ‥[that ‥ may ‥]

- 혹시 그것을 보시지 않으셨습니까 : I was wondering if you might have seen it. / Did you happen to see it?

- 그가 집에 있으리라고는 생각하지 않았지만 혹시나 하고 전화를 걸어 보았다 : I did not expect him to be home, but I called just in case

- 혹시나 하고 생각한 것이 사실이 되었다 : A possibility has become an actuality. / What I feared has come to pass

- 혹시 남이 보지 않을까 하고 그는 나무 뒤에 숨어 있었다 : He hid (himself) behind a tree for fear that he should be seen [lest he should be seen]

* 모르다 : don't know

* 모르겠다 : 모르(the stem of 모르다) + -겠(one's conjecture) + -다(a non-honourific descriptive basic verb ending suffix)

* 모르니까 : 모르(the stem of 모르다) + -니까(because)

* 모르겠으니까 : 모르겠(the stem of 모르겠다) + -니까(because)

* -니까 : an emphatic word of -니; (1) [강조] thus; so; I say; I tell you (2) 이유·원인] now that; since; because; due to

- 괜찮다니까 : You needn't do it, I tell you!

- 싫다니까 : I tell you I don't like it

- 네가 그렇게 말하니까 : now that you say so ‥.

- 그는 개를 무서워하니까 : 검둥이를 보자 도망쳐 버렸다 Being afraid of dogs, he ran away at the sight of Blackie

- 식사 준비가 다 된 모양이니까 식당으로 가십시다 : As the meal seems to be all ready, let's go along to the dining room

- 오늘은 토요일이니까 일찍 돌아오겠다 : I'll be back home earlier than usual because it is Saturday today

* 모르니까요 : 모르(the stem of 모르다) + -니까(because) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 모르겠으니까요 : 모르겠(the stem of 모르겠다) + -니까(because) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "기분이 날아갈 것 같아"

기분이 날아갈 것 같아 : I feel like flying

<slangs above>

- 기분(이) 끝내준다 : It feels great

- 기분(이) 째진다 : I'm in a good mood

[other expressions]

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같다. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같네. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같아. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같군! (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같네요. (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같아요. (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같군요! (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 날아갈 것 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

- 기분이 끝내준다. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 끝내주네. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 끝내줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 끝내주는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 끝내주는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 끝내주네요. (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 끝내줘요. (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 끝내주는군요! (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 끝내줍니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 기분이 째진다. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 째지네. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 째져. (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 째지는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 째지는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 기분이 째지네요. (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 째져요. (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 째지는군요! (honourific by '요')

- 기분이 째집니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 기분 : feelings; mood

* -이 : a particle makes 기분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant like "분"

* 날다 : fly

* 날아가다 : fly and go <-- 날다(fly) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 가다(go)

* 날아갈 : 날아가(the stem of 날아가다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)

* 같다 : (1) be equal to (3) seem; look; I think

* -ㄹ 거 같다 = -ㄹ 것 같다 : I think that ~; It looks ~

* 같습니다 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb suffix)

* 끝나다 : finish; end up

* 끝내다 : make sth finish; make sth end up

* 끝내주다 = 끝내 주다 : be wonderful; (informal) be great;  (informal) fantastic;  (informal) fabulous; (informal) super <-- 끝내다 + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 주다(give; give somebody gift)

* 끝내준다 : present tense of 끝내주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 끝내줘 : 끝내주(the stem of 끝내죽다; 주 + -어 contracted into 줘) + -어(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 끝내줍니다 : 끝내주(the stem of 끝내주다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb suffix)

* 째지다 <-- 째어지다 : (1) [=눈이 옆으로 길다] split; rend; tear; rip; cleave (2) [=소리 등이 매우 날카롭다] [sound] be sharp (3) [=기분이 매우 좋다] feeling is great; feeling is wonderful

- 길게 째진 눈 : long slanted eyes

- 깃발이 바람에 갈가리 째졌다 : The flag was torn to ribbons by the wind

- 이런 종이는 쉽게 째어진다 : Paper of this quality tears easily

* 째진다 : present tense of 째지다 by '-ㄴ'

* 찌져 : 째지(the stem of 째지다; 지 + -여 contracted into 져) + -여(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 째집니다 : 째지(the stem of 째지다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -는군! / -군! / -는구나! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -여 / -는군! / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "힘내자"

힘내자 = 파이팅 = 화이팅 : Cheer up!

[other expressions]

- 힘내자. (to younger people or friends)

- 힘내. (to younger people or friends)

- 힘내요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 힘냅시다. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 힘내십시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 힘내다 : cheer up <-- 힘(strength; power; vigour) + 내다(come out; bring out; pull out)

* 힘 : (1) [=체력] (physical) strength; energy; force; might; power (2) [=물리적인 힘] force; power; energy (3) [=작용] agency; action (4) [=권세·위력] power; force; authority; sway; influence; weight (5) [=원기] vigor; nerve; heart; courage; pep; ginger (6) [=강세] force; stress; emphasis (7) [=노력] efforts; labor; exertions; endeavors (8) [=효력·효과] efficacy; effectiveness; effect (9) [=조력] assistance; aid; help; support; good offices; service (10) [=능력] ability; power; faculty; capability; capacity; [=재산] means (11) [=공헌] contribution; service

* 힘내자 : 힘내(the stem of  힘내다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 힘내 : 힘내(the stem of  힘내다; 내 + -어 contracted into 내) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 힘내요 : 힘내(the stem of  힘내다; 내 + -어 contracted into 내) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 힘냅시다 : 힘내(the stem of  힘내다)  + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 힘내십시다 : 힘내(the stem of  힘내다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* a verb + -자 / -어 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"

* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -십시다 / -ㅂ시다 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "그 여자 정말 못댔어"

그 여자 정말 못댔어 = 그 여자 정말 못돼 먹었다 = 그 여자 못돼 처먹었다 = 그 여자 정말 성질도 더럽고 하는 행동도 고약하네 : She is really mean!; She's a real hot-tempered girl, and she bahaves so nasty and bad

[other expressions]

- 그 여자 정말 못댔다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 여자 정말 못댔네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 여자 정말 못댔어. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 여자 정말 못댔군! (to younger people or friends)

- 그 여자 정말 못댔구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 그 여자분 정말 못댔네요. (honourific by '요')

- 그 여자분 정말 못댔어요. (honourific by '요')

- 그 여자분 정말 못댔군요! (honourific by '요')

- 그 여자분 정말 못댔습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

[explanations]

* 그 : that

* 여자 : woman (non-honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 여자 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel like "자"

* -분 : human being; person (honourific word)

* -은 : a particle makes 여자분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant like "분"

* 못돼 먹다  = 못돼 처먹다 : 못되다(성질이나 품행 따위가 좋지 않거나 고약하다: be ill-tempered or ill-mannered; be bad; be mean; be evil; be wicked) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + (처)먹다(behave);  See : https://www.korean.go.kr/front/onlineQna/onlineQnaView.do?mn_id=216&qna_seq=195932&pageIndex=1

- 아버지는 못돼 먹은 놈은 어릴 적부터 버릇를 고쳐 놓아야 한다며 매를 드셨다 : My father used to beat me when I was young, saying that the bad guy should change his habits

* 처먹다 : a slang of 먹다

- 처 먹지만 말고 일 좀 해라 : Don't be absorbed in eating and work (먹는 것에 열중하지만 말고 일 좀 해라)

* 못 돼먹다 : this can be used instead of 못돼 먹다; this is from 못(not) + 돼먹다(a slang of 되다); See : https://www.korean.go.kr/front/onlineQna/onlineQnaView.do?mn_id=&qna_seq=8862&pageIndex=13824

* 못댄 : 못댔(the stem of 못댔다; ㅆ erased before ㄴ) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb attributive)

* 못댔습니다 : 못댔(the stem of 못댔다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "그 사람 정말 뻔뻔하다"

그 사람 정말 뻔뻔하다 : He's so brazen

[other expressions]

- 그 사람 정말 뻔뻔하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 사람 정말 뻔뻔하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 사람 정말 뻔뻔해. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 사람 정말 뻔뻔하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 그 사람 정말 뻔뻔하구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 그 분 정말 뻔뻔하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 그 분 정말 뻔뻔해요. (honourific by '요')

- 그 분 정말 뻔뻔하군요! (honourific by '요')

- 그 분 정말 뻔뻔합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 그 : that

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)

* -은 : a particle makes 사람 / 분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant like "람 / 분"

* 뻔뻔한 : shameless; brazen

* 뻔뻔하다 : be shameless; be brazen

* 뻔뻔해 : 뻔뻔하(the stem of 뻔뻔하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -여(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 뻔뻔합니다 : 뻔뻔하(the stem of 뻔뻔하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -여 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "왜 이렇게 잘해?"

왜 이렇게 잘해? = 너 엄청 잘한다 : Why are you so good? / Good job

[other expressions]

- 왜 이렇게 잘하니? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 왜 이렇게 잘하나? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 왜 이렇게 잘하냐? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 왜 이렇게 잘해? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 왜 이렇게 잘하는데? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 왜 이렇게 잘해요? (honourific by '-요')

- 왜 이렇게 잘하는데요? (honourific by '-요')

- 왜 이렇게 잘하세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 왜 이렇게 잘하셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 왜 이렇게 잘하십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

- 너 엄청 잘한다. (to younger people or friends)

- 너 엄청 잘하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 너 엄청 잘해. (to younger people or friends)

- 너 엄청 잘하는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 너 엄청 잘하는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 언니 엄청 잘하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 언니 엄청 잘해요. (honourific by '요')

- 언니 엄청 잘하는군요! (honourific by '요')

- 언니 엄청 잘합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 언니 엄청 잘하십니다. (formal; more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 왜 : why

* 이렇게 : like this

* 잘하다 : do well


* 잘해? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다; 하 + -어 contracted 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 잘하세요? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 잘하셔요? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 잘하십니까? : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix) 


* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는데? : a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -는데? +  -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-요’

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)

* 언니 : a woman is a little older than you

* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 언니 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 엄청 = 매우 = 아주 = 진짜 = 진짜로 = 엄청나게 : so; too much; very

* 잘하다 : do well

* 잘해 : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다; 하 + -어 contracted 해) + -어(a non-honourific dewcriptive  verb ending suffix)

* 잘합니다 : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 잘하십니다 : 잘하(the stem of 잘하다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  십니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "너무 질겨요"

너무 질겨요 : This is very chewy

[other expressions]

- 너무 질기다. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 질기네. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 질겨. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 질기군! (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 질기구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 질기네요. (honourific by '요')

- 너무 질겨요. (honourific by '요')

- 너무 질기군요! (honourific by '요')

- 너무 질깁니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 이것 : this

* -은 : a particle makes 이것 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant like "것"

* 질긴 : tough; strong; chewy

* 질기다 : be tough; be strong; be chewy

* 질겨 : 질기(the stem of 질기다; 기 + -여 contracted into 혀) + -여(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 질깁니다 : 질기(the stem of 질기다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -여 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "기가 막혀"

기가 막혀 : (1) [=굉장해•놀라워•엄청나네•끝내준다] Awesome!; It was breathtaking, and there would be no room for small talk; be at a loss of word; be dumbfounded (2) [=믿을 수 없다•말문이 막힌다•말이 안 나온다] Unbelievable; I can't believe

* Literal meaning of 기가 막히다 is one’s energy is blocked

* See : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqzpgANv5xs

- 맙소사. 이거 기가 막히는데 = 맙소사. 이거 끝내주는데... : God, this is breathtaking

- 오, 이 모자. 이거 기가 막힌다 = 오, 이 모자 끝내준다 : Oh, this hat. It's breathtaking

- 기가차서 말이 안나오네 = 기막혀 말문이 막히다 : I am speechless

- 기막히게 끝내준다 : That's terrific, superb, fantastic

- 그건, 대체로, 기가 막힌데요 : It, by and large, is gnarly

ex)

A. 슈퍼맨과 베트맨이 싸우면 베트맨이 이길거야 : If Superman and Batman have a fight then I am sure that Batman will win

B. 뭐라고 ??!?!? 기가 막힌다 정말 : I am at a loss of word

[other expressions]

- 기가 막힌다. (to younger people or friends)

- 기가 막히네. (to younger people or friends)

- 기가 막혀. (to younger people or friends)

- 기가 막히는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 기가 막히는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 기가 막히네요. (honourific by '요')

- 기가 막혀요. (honourific by '요')

- 기가 막히는군요! (honourific by '요')

- 기가 막힙니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 기 : [氣] (1) [=느낌•기운] (1) a feeling ; a flavor; a touch; a shade; a tinge (2) [=기력·원기] vigor; energy; vitality; strength; force; spirits; stamina; pep (3) [=전력] all one's energies[strength / might]; one's utmost[best]; all-out effort (4) [=숨] breath; wind (5) [=정신력·용기] spirit(s); heart (6) [=정기(精氣)] ether; essence; spirit; natural passion; the life force; elan vital.6 [=객기(客氣)] ill-advised vigor; blind valor; temper; temperament; spirit

- 바람기가 있는 남자 : a man with a roving eye

- 바람기가 있는 여자 : a fickle woman

- 기름기가 많은 음식 : greasy[rich] food

- 시장기를 느끼다 : feel hungry

- 익살기가 있다 : have a touch of humor / be tinged with humor

- 그는 감기기가 있어 누워 있다 : He is laid up with a touch of cold[with a slight cold]

- 기가 나서 = 기가 등등하여 = 기가 살아서  : exultantly / in triumph / triumphantly

- 기가 왕성한 사람 : an energetic person / a man full of (push and) go

- 기가 나다 = 기가 살다 : cheer up / take heart / feel triumphant / swell up / be puffed

- 기가 부족하다 = 기가 없다 : be lacking[deficient] in energy / be in low[poor] spirits

- 기가 왕성하다 : be full of energy[vigor / vitality] / be in high spirits / be full of life

- 기를 쓰고 반대하다 : oppose strongly[stoutly] / be (hell-)bent on opposing

- 기를 쓰고 변명하다 : try to apologize[explain oneself] with heat / speak (up) for one way or the other

- 기를 쓰고 달려들다 : tackle with all one's might

- 그녀는 기를 쓰고 배우가 되고 싶어한다 : She has ardent desire to go on the stage

- 기가 막히게 좋은 : awfully good

- 기가 막히다 : be stifled / be dumbfounded / be tongue-tied / be at a loss for words / be taken aback

- 그가 대학 출신이라구, 아이 기가 막혀 : He is a university[college] man? Well, I am dashed

- 기가 죽다 feel small[mean] / have a feeling of inferiority / feel depressed[dispirited]

- 기를 꺾다 : depress < a person's> spirit / dishearten / discourage / damp the ardor

- 청중을 앞에 두고 나는 기가 죽었다 : In front of the audience I lost my nerve[got nervous / got stage fright]

- 그것을 보고 나는 기가 죽었다 : My heart sank at the sight

- 기가 과하다 : be sharp-[violent-]tempered / be rough[wild]

- 기가 질리다 : lose one's courage[heart]; have one's spirit broken

- 기(를) 펴다 : make oneself comfortable[at home]; put oneself at ease; cheer up; heighten one's spirit; relax

- 기(를) 펴지 못하다 : feel constrained[oppressed] / feel ill at ease / cower

- 그 소식을 듣고 나는 기(를) 폈다 : The news gave me relief. / I felt relieved to hear that. / I was relieved at the news

* -가 : a particle makes 기 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel like "기"

* 막다 : [Pronunciation: 막따] stop up; close; block: obturate; prevent; obstruct

* 막히다 : passive form of 막다 by '-히-'

* 막혀 : 막히(the stem of 막히다; 히 + -여 contracted into 혀) + -여(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 막힙니다 : 막히(the stem of 막히다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -는군! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -여 / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "차치하다"

이 문제는 차치하고 .. : aside from this problem

ex)

A. 이 문제는 차치하고 우리 앞으로 예상되는 불황에 대한 대책에 관하여 논의해 봅시다 : Apart from this issue, let us discuss the measures to deal with the expected recession

B. 네, 알겠습니다. 그럼 한국은행 총재께서 말씀해 보시기 바랍니다 : Yes, sir. Then the governor of the Bank of Korea should tell us

* 이 : this: these

* 문제 : (1) [=질문] question, problem  (2) [=해결해야 할 일] matter, question; [=골치 아픈 일] problem, trouble; [=쟁점] issue

* -는 : a particle makes 문제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel like "제"

* 차치하다 : set[put, leave] sth aside

* 차치하고 : 차치하(the stem of 차치하다) + -고(and then)

Let's learn about "기도할게"

기도할게 : I'll pray

ex)

A. 나 내일 KGS 면접 본다 : I'll have a KGS interview tomorrow

* KGS : Korea Global Scholarship

B. 합격을 기도할게 = 합격을 기원할게 = 합격을 빌게 : I'll pray for you to pass

[other expressions]

- 기도할게. (to younger people or friends)

- 기도할게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 기도하겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 기원할게. (to younger people or friends)

- 기원할게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 기원하겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 내 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 : I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 내가 / 제가 : these are omitted

If you want to emphasize what, use 은 or 는.

If you want to emphasize who, use 이 or 가

* 기도 : (1) attempt; trying (2) planning; design (3) [=기원] praying

* 기도하다 : (1) [=시도하다] attempt; try (2) [=계획하다] plan; design (3) [=기원하다•빌다] pray for

* 기도할게 : 기도하(the stem of 기도하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)

* 기도할게요 : 기도하(the stem of 기도하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 기도하겠습니다 : 기도하(the stem of 기도하다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 기원할게 : 기원하(the stem of 기원하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)

* 기원할게요 : 기원하(the stem of 기원하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 기원하겠습니다 : 기원하(the stem of 기원하다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 빌게 : 빌(the stem of 빌다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will)

* 빌게요 : 빌(the stem of 빌다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 빌겠습니다 : 빌(the stem of 빌다) + -겠(one's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "니 생각은 어때?"

니 생각은 어때? : What do you think about that?

[other expressions]

- 니 생각은 어떠니? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 니 생각은 어떠냐? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 니 생각은 어때? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 니 생각은 어떤가? (to the younger people or friendly)

- 언니 생각은 어때요? (honourific by '-요')

- 언니 생각은 어떤가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 언니 생각은 어떠세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 언니 생각은 어떠셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 언니 생각은 어떠십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

[explanations]

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)

* 언니 : a woman is a little older than you

* -의 : a particle makes 너 / 언니 possesive; this omitted

* 너의 : your

* 언니의 : sister's

* 생각 : thought

* -은 : a particle makes 생각 subjective after a word ends in a vowel like "각"

* 어떻다 : a short form of 어떠하다(be how)


* 어때? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 어떠세요? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 어떠셔요? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 어떠십니까? : 어떻(the stem of 어떻다; ㅎ erased before 어) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix) 


* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? : a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? +  -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? / -시는가요? / -시는지요? : an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-요’

Let's learn about "나 찍었어?"

나 찍었어? : Did you film me?; Did you take a picture of me?

[other expressions]

- 나 찍었니? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 찍었나? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 찍었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 찍었어? (to younger people or friends)

- 나 찍었지? (to younger people or friends)

- 저 찍었나요? (honourific by '-요')

- 저 찍었어요? (honourific by '-요')

- 저 찍었지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 저 찍었죠? (a short form of 있지요?)

- 저 찍었습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 저 찍으셨나요? (honourific by ‘시’)

- 저 찍으셨어요? (honourific by ‘시’)

- 저 찍으셨습니까? (honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -를 : a particle makes 나 / 저 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 찍다 : [Pronunciation: 찍따] (1) 인쇄물·도장 등을 누르다] imprint; impress; stamp (2) [=묻히다] dip (3) [=점을 표시하다] place ; mark with a point; dot; point off; earmark; designate (4) [=눈여겨 두다] pick out; have an eye ; spot(범인 등을) (5) [=도끼 등으로 내리치다] chop ; hew; hack; cut.(6) [=차표 등에 구멍을 내다] punch (7) [=사진을 박다] take ; shoot; snap (8) [=작살 등으로 내리치다] catch with a hook; pierce; thrust

- 편지에 소인을 찍다 : imprint a postmark on a letter

- 서류에 도장을 찍다 : affix one's seal to a document

- 지폐를 찍다 : print money

- 펜을 잉크에 찍다 : dip the pen into the ink

- 설탕을 찍어 먹다 : eat with sugar

- 소수점을 찍다 : place a decimal point

- 그녀는 i의 점을 찍는 것을 잊었다 : She forgot to dot the i[put a dot on the i]

- 범인은 점찍어 놓았다 : The culprit is spotted

- 저 세 사람이 수상하다고 점찍고 있다 : I have an eye to those three, whom I suspect to be the offenders

- 도끼로 나무를 찍어 넘기다 : chop a tree down with an ax

- 사진을 찍었다 : I had my picture taken

- 위 엑스레이 사진을 찍었다 : I had my stomach x-rayed

- 갈고리로 나무를 찍다 : hook a log

- 멧돼지를 창으로 찍다 : spear a wild boar

* 사진(을) 찍다 = 사진을 박다 = 사진 촬영(을) 하다 = 사진(을) 촬영하다: take a picture

* 찍었다 : past tense of 찍다 by '-었-'

* 찍으셨다 : more honourific form of 찍었다 by '-으시-' <-- 찍었(the stem of 찍었다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -였(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -다(a non-honourific basic verb ending suffix)

* 찍었습니까? : 찍었(the stem of 찍었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 찍으셨나요? : 찍으셨(the stem of 찍으셨다) + 나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + 요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 찍으셨어요? : 찍으셨(the stem of 찍으셨다) + 어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + 요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 찍으셨습니까? : 찍으셨(the stem of 찍으셨다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / ?-냐? / -어? / -는가? / -지 ? : a questioning verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -는가?  / -지? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : a questioning verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘스-” / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "요즘 드라마 뭐 보시나요?"

요즘 드라마 뭐 보시나요? : What drama do you watch these days?

[other expressions]

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 보니? (to younger people or friends)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 보나? (to younger people or friends)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 보냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 봐? (to younger people or friends)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 보는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 보나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 봐요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 보는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 봅니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 보시나요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 요즘 드라마 뭐 보십니까? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]

* 요즘 : these days; this is a short form of 요즈음

* 드라마 : TV drama

* -는 : a particle makes 드라마 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel: this omitted

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)

* -를 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a vowel like "뭐"

* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonant like "엇"

* 보다 : (1) see; look (2) watch

* 봐? : 보(the stem of 보다; 보 + -아 contracted into 봐) + -아(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 봅니까 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 보십니까? : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 보시나요? : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -는가? / -아? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -십니까? / -시나요? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / ‘스’

Let's learn about "심장이 막 두근대"

심장이 막 두근대 = 심장이 막 두근거려 = 심장이 막 두근두근한다 : My heart's beating fast

ex)

A. 아! 한국 연세대 지원 결과 발표가 1시간 남았는데... 심장이 막 두근대고 떨려 : Oh! There is an hour left until the announcement of the results of application for Yonsei University in Korea. My heart is beating fast and I'm so nervous

B. 너무 걱정 마라. 잘 될 거야 : Don't worry too much. It will be fine

[other expressions]

- 심장이 막 두근댄다. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근대네. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근대. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근대는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근대는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근대네요. (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근대요. (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근대는군요! (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근댑니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 심장이 막 두근거린다. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근거리네. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근거려. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근거리는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근거리는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근거리네요. (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근거려요. (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근거리는군요! (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근거립니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 심장이 막 두근두근한다. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근두근하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근두근해. (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근두근하는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근두근하는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 심장이 막 두근두근하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근두근해요. (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근두근하는군요! (honourific by '요')

- 심장이 막 두근두근합니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -의 : a particle makes 나 / 저 possesive

* 내 : a short form of 나의; this omitted

* 제 : a short form of 저의; this omitted

* 심장 : heart

* -이 : a particle makes 심장 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant like "장"

* 두근대다 = 두근거리다 = 두근두근하다 : (1) throb; palpitate; pulsate; pulse; beat fast (2) [=불안하다] feel uneasy[nervous]

* 두근두근 : pit-a-pat; palpitating; throbbing

* 두근대 : 두근대(the stem of 두근대다; 대 + -어 contracted into 대)  + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 두근댑니다 : 두근대(the stem of 두근대다)  + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 두근거려 : 두근거리(the stem of 두근거리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려)  + -여(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 두근거립니다 : 두근거리(the stem of 두근거리다)  + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 두근두근해 : 두근두근하(the stem of 두근두근하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해)  + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 두근두근합니다 : 두근두근하(the stem of 두근두근하다)  + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -는군! / -군! / / -는구나! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -여 / -는군! / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "철 좀 들어"

철 좀 들어 : Grow up!; Act mature!; You need to grow up!

[Related expressions]

See : https://m.blog.naver.com/tomasuper/221084571740

- 나잇값 좀 해 : Act your age

- 어른처럼 행동해 : Act likea grown-up!

- 애들처럼 굴지 마 : stop acting like a child

- 신발 사이즈 말고 나이에 맞게 행동해 : Act your age, not your shoe size

- 언제 철 들래? : When will you grow up?

[other expressions]

- 철 좀 들어. (to younger people or friends)

- 철 좀 들어라. (to younger people or friends)

- 철 좀 들래. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 철 좀 들어요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 철 좀 들래요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 철 좀 드실래요. (honourific by ‘시’)

- 철 좀 드세요. (honourific by ‘시’)

- 철 좀 드셔요. (honourific by ‘시’)

- 철 좀 드시지요. (honourific by ‘시’)

- 철 좀 드시죠. (honourific by ‘시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 철 좀 드십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 철 좀 드시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 철 좀 드시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 철 : [=분별력] discretion, (good) sense

* -이 : a particle makes 철 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant like "철"

* 좀 : Please ~ a little

* 들다 : (1) (밖에서 안으로) enter, go[get, come] in(to), walk[step] in(to) (2) [=안에 담겨 있다] have, contain, hold (3) (햇볕 등이) come into (4) [=손에 잡다] hold, take; [=집어 올리다] pick up; [=몸에 지니고 다니다] carry (5) [=위로 올리다] raise, lift (up), put up (6) (예·이유 등을) give, quote, cite

- 제니퍼에게 철 좀 들라고 해 : Tell Jennifer to grow up

- 이 가방을 좀 들어 주실래요? : Can you carry this bag?

* 들어 : 들(the stem of 들다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 들어라 : 들(the stem of 들다 + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 들래 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ + ㄹ contracted ㄹ) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 드시지요 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 드실래요 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 드세요 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 드셔요 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 드십시오 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 드시겠어요 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 드시겠습니까 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"

* a verb + -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Let's learn about "여기가 어디야?"

1. 여기(가) 어디야? : Where am I? / Where are we? / Where is this place?

ex)

A. 여기 어디야? : Where is this place?

B. 응 서울에서 그 유명한 조선시대 왕궁이었던 덕수궁이야 : Hmm, it is Deoksugung Palace which was the famous royal palace of the Joseon Dynasty in Seoul

2. 거기 어디야? : where are you?

ex)

A. 거기 어디야? : Where are you?

B. 여기? 서울역이야! 금방 도착할 거야 : Here? It's Seoul Station! I'll be there in a minute

[other expressions]

- 여기/거기 어디니? (to younger people or friends)

- 여기/거기 어디냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 여기/거기 어디야? (to younger people or friends)

- 여기/거기 어디인가? (to younger people or friends)

- 여기/거기 어딘가? (a short form of 어디인가?)

- 여기/거기 어디인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 여기/거기 어디예요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 여기/거기 어디입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]

* 여기 : here

* 거기 : there

* -가 : a suffix makes 여기 / 거기 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel: this omitted

* 어디 : where

* -이다 : be

* 어디니? : 어디(where) + 이(the stem of 이다) + -니?

* 어디냐? : 어디(where) + 이(the stem of 이다) + -냐?

* 어디야? : 어디(where) + 이(the stem of 이다) + -야?

* 어디인가? : 어디(where) + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?

* 어딘가? : 어디(where) + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?

* 어디예요? : 어디(where) + 이(the stem of 이다) + -에 + -요?

* 어디입니까? : 어디(where) + 이(the stem of 이다) + -었(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㄴ가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -예요? / -입니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

Let's learn about "다시 시작하자"

다시 시작하자 : Let's start over

[other expressions]

- 다시 시작하자. (to younger people or friends)

- 다시 시작해. (to younger people or friends)

- 다시 시작하지. (to younger people or friends)

- 다시 시작해요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 다시 시작하지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 다시 시작하죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 다시 시작하시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 다시 시작하시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -으시죠 is a short form of -으시지요)

- 다시 시작합시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 우리 : we (non-honourific word)

* 저희 : we (honourific word)

* 다시 : again

* 시작 : starting; beginning

* 시작하다 : start; begin

* 시작하자 : 시작하(the stem of  시작하다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 시작해 : 시작하(the stem of  시작하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 시작해요 : 시작하(the stem of  시작하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 시작하지요 : 시작하(the stem of  시작하다)  + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 시작하시지요 : 시작하(the stem of  시작하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 시작합시다 : 시작하(the stem of  시작하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* a verb + -자 / -어 / -지 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"

* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -읍시다 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "춥나?"

춥나? : Are you cold?

[other expressions]

- 춥니? (to the younger people or friends)

- 춥나? (to the younger people or friends)

- 춥냐? (to the younger people or friends)

- 추워? (to the younger people or friends)

- 추우니? (to the younger people or friends)

- 추운가? (to the younger people or friends)

- 춥지? (to the younger people or friends)

- 춥나요? (honourific by '-요')

- 추워요? (honourific by '-요')

- 추운가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 춥지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 춥죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?)

- 춥습니까? (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 추운 : cold

* 춥다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] be cold

* 춥게 : an adverb form of 추운 by '-게'

* 쌀쌀한 : (1) chilly (2) indifferent, unconcerned, disinterested, distant, unfriendly

* 쌀쌀하다 : a verb form of 쌀쌀한

* 쌀쌀하게 : an adverb form of 쌀쌀한 by '-게'

* 추워?  : 춥(the stem of 춥다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 추우니? : 춥(the stem of 춥다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -니(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 추운가? : 춥(the stem of 춥다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* ㅂ 불규칙 : the second ㅂ of 춥다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

* See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

* 춥습니까? : 춥(the stem of 춥다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -ㄴ가? / -지? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -ㄴ가? / -지? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '스-'

Let's learn about "우리 셀카 찍자"

우리 셀카 찍자 : Let's take a selfie

[other expressions]

- 우리 셀카 찍자. (to younger people or friends)

- 우리 셀카 찍어. (to younger people or friends)

- 우리 셀카 찍지. (to younger people or friends)

- 저희 셀카 찍어요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 저희 셀카 찍지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 저희 셀카 찍죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 저희 셀카 찍으시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 저희 셀카 찍으시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -으시죠 is a short form of -으시지요)

- 저희 셀카 찍읍시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 우리 : we (non-honourific word)

* 저희 : we (honourific word)

* 셀카 : selfie

* -를 : a particle makes 셀카 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 찍다 : take (a picture)

* 찍자 : 찍(the stem of  찍다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 찍어 : 찍(the stem of  찍다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 찍어요 : 찍(the stem of  찍다) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 찍지요 : 찍(the stem of  찍다)  + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 찍으시지요 : 찍(the stem of  찍다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 찍읍시다 : 찍(the stem of  찍다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* a verb + -자 / -어 / -지 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"

* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -으시지요 / -으시죠 / -으시지요 / -으시죠 / -읍시다 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "널 가지고 싶어"

널 가지고 싶어 : (1) I want to have you (2) [=너와 사귀고 싶어] I want to go out with you (3) [=널 사랑하고 싶어] I want to love you

ex)

A. 왜 그렇게 빤히 쳐다보세요? : Why are you staring at me like that?

B. 음... 진구씨 가지고 싶어요 : Hmm... I want to have Jingu

[other expressions]

- 널 가지고 싶다. (to younger people or friends)

- 널 가지고 싶네. (to younger people or friends)

- 널 가지고 싶어. (to younger people or friends)

- 널 가지고 싶군! (to younger people or friends)

- 널 가지고 싶구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 오빨 가지고 싶네요. (honourific by '요')

- 오빨 가지고 싶어요. (honourific by '요')

- 오빨 가지고 싶군요! (honourific by '요')

- 오빨 가지고 싶습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)

* 오빠 : a man is older than a girl (honourific word)

* -를 : a particle makes 너 / 오빠 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 널 : a short form of 너를

* 오빨 : a short form of 오빠를

* 가지다 : have

* 가지고 싶다 : 가지(the stem of 가지다) + 고 싶다(want to do)

* 싶습니다 : 싳(the stem of 싶다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "왜 그러니?"

왜 그러니? : Why are you acting like that?

ex)

A. 왜 그러니? 내가 한 말에 불만있는 거니? : What's wrong? Are you unhappy with what I said?

B. 아니야. 내가 너한테 무슨 불만이 있겠어.. 니가 얼마나 나한테 잘해주는데... : No, I don't have any complaints about you. You're so nice to me

[other expressions]

- 왜 그러니? (to the younger people or friends)

- 왜 그러나? (to the younger people or friends)

- 왜 그러냐? (to the younger people or friends)

- 왜 그래? (to the younger people or friends)

- 왜 그러는가? (to the younger people or friends)

- 왜 그러지? (to the younger people or friends)

- 왜 그러나요? (honourific by '-요')

- 왜 그래요? (honourific by '-요')

- 왜 그러는가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 왜 그러지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 왜 그러죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?)

- 왜 그럽니까? (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 왜 : why

* 그렇다 = 그러하다 = 그러다 : be such

* 그래? : 그러(the stem of 그러다; 러 and 어 contracted into 래) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 그럽니까? : 그러(the stem of 그러다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? / -지? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -는가? / -지? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'