2022-11-28

Let's learn about "그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었다"

그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었다 : He had no choice but to leave

[other expressions]
- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었어. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었네요. (honourific by '요')
- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었어요. (honourific by '요')
- 그는 떠날 수 밖에 없었습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 그 : he
* -는 : a particle makes 그 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 떠나다 : leave
* 떠날 : 떠나(the stem of 떠나다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 수 : a way; [=방법] a method

* 밖 : (1) [=바깥쪽] the outside; [=외부] the exterior; [=옥외] the outdoors; the open (air) (2) [=이외] another; the other; the rest; outside of (a limit); with the exception ; [=다른] else; [=다만 …뿐] only; but; no more than; merely; barely
- 당선권 밖에 있다 : be out of the running (in an election)
- 창문 밖을 내다보다 : look out of the window
- 나는 잠자코 참는 수밖에 없었다 : I had no choice [There was nothing for it] but to endure in silence
- 돈은 이것 밖에 없다 : I have only this much money. / This is all the money I have

* -에 : a place suffix

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not; not exist; there is no
* 없었다 : past tense of 없다 by '-었-'

* -ㄹ 수 밖에 없다 : have no choice but to do <-- -ㄹ 방법 이외에는 없다

* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

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