지금 통화가 어렵습니다 = 지금 통화하기 어렵습니다 : I can’t really talk right now; I am not available at the moment; I can’t come to the phone right now; I don’t have time to talk to you right now
ex)
A. 안 좋은 때 전화하셨군요. 지금 통화가 어렵습니다 : You caught me at a bad time. I can’t really talk right now.
B. 그럼 언제가 좋으세요? : When is a good time then?
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 지금 통화하기 어렵다. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 통화하기 어렵네. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 통화하기 어려워. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 통화하기 어려운데. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 통화하기 힘들다. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 통화하기 힘드네. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 통화하기 힘들어. (to younger people or friends)
- 지금 통화하기 힘든데. (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 지금 통화하기 어렵네요. (honourific by '요')
- 지금 통화하기 어려운데요. (honourific by '요')
- 지금 통화하기 어려워요. (honourific by '요')
- 지금 통화하기 힘드네요. (honourific by '요')
- 지금 통화하기 힘든데요. (honourific by '요')
- 지금 통화하기 힘들어요. (honourific by '요')
- 지금 통화하기 힘듭니다. (honourific by '-ㅂ')
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 지금 통화하기 어렵습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')
[explanations]
* 지금 : now
* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call
* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone
* 통화하시다 : an honourific word of 통화하다 by '-시-'
* 통화하기 : a noun form of 통화하다 by '-기'
* 통화하시기 : a noun form of 통화하시다 by '-기'
* -가 : a particle makes 통화하기 / 통화하시기 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* 어려운 : difficult
* 어렵다 : [Pronunciation: 어렵따] be difficut
[Remarks about "ㅂ 불규칙]
In Korean language, All verbs ending in "-ㅂ다" follow the rules below as "ㅂ 불규칙 동사(ㅂ irregular verb)"(“-ㅂ다”로 끝나는 모든 동사는 “ㅂ 불규칙 동사”로서 아래의 규칙을 따른다)
[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]
* ㅂ is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away
(1) the ㅂ of 어렵다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’. these days V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation
(2) 어려운: an adjective form of 어렵다; this is from 어려 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb into an adjective)
(3) 어려워 : 어렵(the stem of 어렵다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 어려운데요 : 어렵(the stem of 어렵다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우; 우 + -ㄴ contracted into 운) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 어렵습니다 : 어렵(the stem of 어렵다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 힘든 : hard
* 힘들다 : be hard
* 힘드네 : 힘들(the stem of 힘들다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -네(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 힘드네요 : 힘들(the stem of 힘들다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -네(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 힘든데요 : 힘들(the stem of 힘들다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 힘듭니다 : 힘들(the stem of 힘들다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ; 드 + -ㅂ contracted into 듭) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 / -ㄴ데 / : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -ㄴ데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix by '-요'
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-스-' / '-ㅂ'
* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English
* 좋은 : [Pronunciation: 조은] good; suitable in the sentence
* (-이 / -가) 좋다 : [Pronunciation: 조타] be good; be suitable in the sentence
* 때 : when; the time
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call; a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone
* 전화하시다 = 전화를 하시다 : an honourific forms by '-시-'
* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 전화하셨다 : past tense of 전화하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨
* 전화했어요 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 전화하셨군요! : 전화하셨(the stem of 전화하셨다) + -군!(a exclamative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 그럼 = 그러면 : then
* 언제 : when
* -가 : a particle makes 언제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 좋으세요? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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