배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌어요 : The battery in my cell phone went dead; The battery died on my cell phone; My phone went dead; I used up my battery.
ex)
A. 아까 왜 전화 끊었어? : Why did you hang up on me earlier?
B. 내가 끊은 게 아니라 전화가 끊겼어. 배터리가 다 됐거든 : I didn’t hang up on you. My phone went dead. I was low on battery
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌다. (to younger people or friends)
- 배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌네. (to younger people or friends)
- 배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌어. (to younger people or friends)
- 배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌는데. (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 배터리가 다 돼서 끊어졌습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')
[explanations]
* 내 : my (non-honourific word); a short form of 나의
* 제 : my (honourific word); a short form of 나의
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -의 : a suffix makes 나 / 저 possesive like 나의/저의(my)
* 휴대 : [携帶] carrying
- 휴대용의 : portable / hand / pocket / handy (to carry)
- 그는 총기를 휴대하고 있었다 : He was carrying a gun
* 전화[電話] : a telephone; a phone
* 휴대 전화 = 핸드폰 = 스마트폰 = 휴대폰 : cellphone, (formal) cellular phone, (Brit) mobile (phone); smart phone
* -의 : a suffix makes 휴대폰 possesive
* 밧데리 : battery
* -가 : a particle makes 휴대폰 밧데리 subjective after a word ends in vowel
* 다 : all
* 되다 : (1) become (2) be done; be completed; be finished (3) [=다하다; as the form of 다 되다] come to end; run out; be out[up]; be used up
- 연료가 다 되었다 : The gasoline[fuel] is[has run] out
- 계약 기한이 다 되었다 : The contract has run out[expired] / The lease is out
- 그는 돈이 다 되었다 : He has run through all his money. / His money came to an end
- 이 자전거도 이제 다 되었다 : This bike has seen its day. / This bicycle has done[served] its time
* 돼서 : a short form of 되어서
* 되어서 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어서/-아서/-여서(because; a connective suffix between two verbs)
* 끊다 : [Pronunciation: 끈타; ㅎ + ㄷ -> ㅌ] disconnect
* 끊어 : 끊(the stem of 끊다) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)
* 지다 : [a suffix makes a verb passive form] become; grow; get; come to
* 끊어지다 : be disconnect
* 끊어졌다 : past tense of 끊어지다 by '-였-'; 지 + -였 contracted into 졌; -었- changed into -였- after 지 for easy pronunciation
* 끊어졌는데요 : 끊어졌(the stem of 끊어졌다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 끊어졌습니다 : 끊어졌(the stem of 끊어졌다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -어 / -아 / -네 / -다 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -은데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 / -아 / -네 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -은데 + -요 : honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / ‘-ㅂ’
* 아까 : [=조금 전에•좀 전에] a short while ago; a short time ago
- 아까부터 : for some time / since a while ago
- 아까 들은 뉴스에 따르면 : according to the latest news(cast)
- 그 일에 대해서는 아까 들었습니다 : I('ve) just heard about it
- 아까부터 정전이다 : The electricity has been off since a little while ago
* 왜 : why
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call; a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 끊었다 : [Pronunciation: 끈얻따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tens of 끊다 by '-었-'
* 끊었어요 : 끊었(the stem of 끊었다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffixl) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저 : : I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 끊은 : [Pronunciation: 끄는] 끊(the stem of 끊다) + -은(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)
* 게 : a short form of 것이
* 것이 : 것(a thing; a word makes a verb infinitive in English) + -이(a particle makes 끊은 것 complement(보어) before 아니다 word after a word ends in a consonant)
* 아니다 : be not
* 아니야 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -야(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call; a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 끊기다 : [Pronunciation: 끈끼다; ㅎ + ㄱ -> ㄲ] passive form of 끊다 by '-기-'
* 끊겼다 : [Pronunciation: 끈껻따; ㅎ + ㄱ -> ㄲ and ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] a short form of 끊기었다; 었 changed into 였 for easy pronunciation
* 끊기었다 : [Pronunciation: 끈끼얻따; ㅎ + ㄱ -> ㄲ and ㅅ -+ ㄷ -> ㄸ] passive form of past tense of 끊기다 by '-었-'
* 끊겼어요 : 끊겼(the stem of 끊겼다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffixl) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 됐다 : [Pronunciation: 됃따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense of 돼다 by '-었-'
* 됐거든 : 됐(the stem of 됐다) + -거든(because; a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* -거든 : An expression used to indicate the speaker's reasoning or the basis for the preceding content(앞의 내용에 대해 말하는 사람이 생각한 이유나 원인, 근거를 나타내는 표현)
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