휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었어요 : I didn’t hear the phone ring. I had it set to vibrate; I missed your call because my phone was switched over to vibration mode.
* 진동으로 맞추다 : set to vibrate
ex)
A. 왜 전화를 안 받는 거야? : How come you’re not answering my calls?
B. 미안. 휴대 전화를 진동으로 해 놓아서 소리를 못 들었어 : Sorry, I didn’t hear the phone ring. I had it set to vibrate
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었다. (to younger people or friends)
- 휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었네. (to younger people or friends)
- 휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었어. (to younger people or friends)
- 휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었는데! (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 휴대 전화가 진동이라 못 들었습니다. (more honourific by '시')
[explanations]
* 휴대 : [携帶] carrying
- 휴대용의 : portable / hand / pocket / handy (to carry)
- 그는 총기를 휴대하고 있었다 : He was carrying a gun
* 전화[電話] : a telephone; a phone
* 휴대 전화 = 핸드폰 = 스마트폰 = 휴대폰 : cellphone, (formal) cellular phone, (Brit) mobile (phone); smart phone
* -가 : a particle makes 휴대 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 진동 : [振動] (an) oscillation; (a) vibration; a swing
- 진동을 일으키다 : set up a vibration[a swing motion]
- 진동을 멈추다 : stop the vibration
* 진동하다 = 진동을 하다 : oscillate; swing; vibrate; librate; move to and fro.
* 진동이라 : 진동 + -이라/-이라서(A postpositional particle that indicates the cause or reason for the following conten: 뒤에 오는 내용의 원인이나 이유를 나타내는 조사)
* 못 : can't; be unable to do
* 듣다 : [Pronunciation: 듣따; ㄷ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] [ㄷ 불규칙] (소리를) hear ; listen to; give ear to; lend an ear to; heed
- 남이 듣는 데서 : in the audience of a person / in a person's audience
- 라디오를 듣다 : listen to[on] the radio
- 연설을 듣다 : hear a speech / hear an address / hear speak / listen to a speech
- 강의를 듣다 : hear a course of lectures
- 비오는 소리를 듣다 : listen to it rain
- 음악을 듣다 : listen to music
- 귀를 기울여 듣다 : listen attentively[carefully] / listen with pricked ears / strain one's ears
- 잘 주의해서 듣다 : listen to attentively / be all attention[ears]
- 열심히 얘기를 듣다 : hang on words
- 건성으로 듣다 : hear inattentively[with half an ear]
- 처음부터 끝까지 듣다 : hear out
- 잘못 듣다 : hear amiss / mishear / be misinformed
- 듣기 거북하다 : be offensive[unpleasant / harsh] to the ear
- 듣기 어렵다 : be hard[difficult] to hear
- 듣기 좋다 : be agreeable[pleasant] to the ear
* 들었다 : past tense of 듣다 by '-었-'; ㄷ changed into ㄹ before '-었-'
* 들었는데요 : 들었(the stem of 들었다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 들었어요 : 들었(the stem of 들었다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 들었습니다 : 들었(the stem of 들었다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'
* 진동 : [振動] (an) oscillation; (a) vibration; a swing
* -으로 : to
* 맞다 : [Pronunciation: 맏따; ㅈ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] (1) [=옳다] be right; be correct; (시계가) keep good time; (계산·장부가) balance (2) [=적합하다] suit ; answer[serve] ; meet ; come up to ; befit (3) [=일치하다] agree ; accord ; be in accord ; be consistent ; conform ; [=부합하다] coincide ; correspond ; tally ; square ; be in concordance (4) [=조화를 이루다] go ; match ; harmonize ; be in harmony ; be in tune ; [=어울리다] become (5) (몸 등에) fit; suit; be suited ; (뚜껑 등이) fit on (6) [=적중하다] hit (the) mark; tell; catch; (예상 등이) prove (to do) right; come true; come off
* 맞추다 : [=맞게 하다] set[fit / adjust / adapt / conform / square / gear] ; tune ; bring into line
* 왜 : why
* 전화[電話] : a telephone; a phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English
* 받다 : [Pronunciation: 받따; ㄷ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] receive
* 받는 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and sdnominal)
* 받은 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb past tense and sdnominal)
* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* 거야 : a short form of 것이야
* 이다 : be
* 거야? : 거 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 erased after a noun ends in a vowel) + -야?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 것이야? : 것 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -야?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
[Notice]
* 왜 전화를 안 받는 거야? : Why aren't you answering the phone?
* 왜 전화를 안 받은 거야? : Why didn't you answer the phone?
* 미안 : be sorry
* 진동으로 : 진동 + -으로/-로(A postpositional particle that indicates the result of a change: 변화의 결과를 나타내는 조사)
* 하다 : do
* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)
* 놓다 : (1) put; place (2) [=…해 두다] set; make; keep; have; leave
* 해 놓다 : to set something and keep; to make something and keep
* 놓아서 : 놓(the stem of 놓다) + -어서/-아서/-여서(because of)
* 소리 : sound
* -를 : a particle makes 소리 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 못 : can't; be unable to do
* 듣다 : [ㄷ 불규칙] 소리를) hear ; listen to; give ear to; lend an ear to; heed
* 들었다 : past tense of 듣다 by '-었-'; ㄷ changed into ㄹ before '-었-'
* 들었어 : 들었(the stem of 들었다) + -어(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
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