Let's learn about "존 바꿔 주시겠어요?"

존(을) 바꿔 주시겠어요? : Could I speak to John, please?

여기 존(이란 이름을 가진 분)이 세 분 계십니다 : There are three Johns here; We have three Johns; There are three people with that name ;We have three people by the name of John

ex)

A. 존 바꿔 주시겠어요? : Could I speak to John, please?

B. 사실 존이란 이름을 가진 분이 세 분인데요. 그분 성을 아시나요? : Actually, we have three people by the name of John. Do you know his last name?

* 성 : last name, family name, surname

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 존(을) 바꿔 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 존(을) 바꿔 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 존(을) 바꿔 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 존(을) 바꿔 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존(을) 바꿔 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 존(을) 바꿔 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존(을) 바꿔 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 존(을) 바꿔 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 존(을) 바꿔 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 존(을) 바꿔 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 존(을) 바꿔 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 존(을) 바꿔 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 존(을) 바꿔 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 존 : John

* -을 : a particle makes 존 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable

* 바꾸다 : (1) change (2) [=전화를 연결시켜 주다] put someone on the line

* 바꿔 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 바꿔 주다 = 바꿔 드리다 : do an effort to change

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")

* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 여기 : here

* 존 : John

* 이다 : be

* -이란 : a short form of -이라는

* 이라는 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -라는((1) An expression used to quote someone while modifying the following noun: 들은 사실을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현 (2) An expression used to quote a remark such as an order, request, etc., while modifying the following noun: 명령이나 요청 등의 말을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현)

* 이름 : first name

* -을 : a pariticle makes 이름 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 가지다 : have

* 가진 : 가지(the stem of 가지다; 지 + -ㄴ contracted into 진) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verv past tense and adnominal)

* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* -이 : a particle makes 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 세 : three

* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* -이 : a particle makes 세 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + -ㄷ --> ㄸ] be; exist

* 계시다 : an honourific word of 있다

* 계십니다 : 계시(the stem of 계시다; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 사실 : [事實] (1) [=실제의 일] a fact; an actual fact; a reality; [=현실] actuality; a factum ; [=진실] the truth; the case (2) [=실제로] actually; really; [=사실인즉] in fact; [=실은•사실은] as a matter of fact

* 세 분인데요 : 세 분 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask something while anticipating the listener's response: 듣는 사람의 반응을 기대하며 어떤 일에 대해 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 그 : that

* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* 그분 : that person

* -의 : a suffix makes 그분 possesive; this omitted

* 성 : [姓] last name

* -을 : a pariticle makes 성 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 알다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] know

* 아시나요? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;어느 분 찾으세요?&quot;

어느 분(을) 찾으세요? : Who would you like to speak to?; Who did you want to talk to?; Who did you want to speak with?; Who are you looking for?; With whom do you wish to speak?; To whom should I put you through?

* ~을 찾다 : look for

ex)

A. 어느 분을 바꿔 드릴까요? : Who would you like to speak to?

B. 글쎄요, 매장 책임자 아무나 바꿔 주세요 : I don’t know. Anyone in charge of the store

 [other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 어느 분(을) 찾니? (to younger people or friends)

- 어느 분(을) 찾나? (to younger people or friends)

- 어느 분(을) 찾지? (to younger people or friends)

- 어느 분(을) 찾냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 어느 분(을) 찾는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 어느 분(을) 찾는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 어느 분(을) 찾아? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 어느 분(을) 찾나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어느 분(을) 찾지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어느 분(을) 찾죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)

- 어느 분(을) 찾는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어느 분(을) 찾는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 어느 분(을) 찾아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 어느 분(을) 찾습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

- 어느 분(을) 찾으세요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 어느 분(을) 찾으셔요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 어느 분(을) 찾으십니까? (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 어느 : [=어떤] which; what

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)

* -을 : a particle makes 어느 분 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable

* 찾다 : [Pronunciation: 찯따] find; look for

* 찾습니까? : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 찾으세요? : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 찾으셔요? : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 찾으십니까? : 찾(the stem of 찾다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -(으)세요? / -(으)셔요? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? / -(으)십니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-시” / '-스' / ‘-ㅂ’

* 어느 : [=어떤] which; what

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)

* -을 : a particle makes 어느 분 objective after a word ends in a consonant; this omittable

* 바꾸다 : (1) change (2) [=전화를 연결시켜 주다] put someone on the line

* 바꿔 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 바꿔 주다 = 바꿔 드리다 : do an effort to change

* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 글쎄 : (1) [강조·고집] just; please (2) [주저] well; say; I think; let me see; (생각할 때) ah; uh; er --

- 글쎄 내 말 들어 : All right. But listen to me

- 글쎄 해 보라구 : Just try it

- 글쎄 조용히 하라구 : Please be quiet!

- 그 아이디어라면, 글쎄 홍씨한테서 나왔을거야 : That idea may have come from, say, Mr. Hong

- 글쎄 아무래도 모르겠는데 : Well, I am sure I don't know

- 글쎄 어디에 두었더라 : Let me see -- Where have I put it?

- 글쎄 네 잘못인지도 모를 일이지 : Well, you may be wrong

- 글쎄 내주까지 기다릴까? : Well, shall we wait until next week?

- 글쎄 그럼 돈이 얼마 더 필요하니? : Well, then, how much more money will you need?

* 글쎄요 : 글쎄(let me see) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 매장 : [賣場] [=파는 장소] a counter; a sale(s)room; [=점포] a shop; a store

* -의 : a suffix makes 매장 possesive; this omitted

* 책임 : [責任] responsibility; (지불의) liability; [=책무] an obligation; duty

* 책임자 : [責任者] responsible person, person who fulfills his obligations; superior, one who is higher than another in rank or position <-- 책임 + 자(a person)

* -를 : a particle makes 매장 책임자  objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omittable

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(an declarative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let&amp;amp;#39;s learn about &amp;amp;quot;전데요&amp;amp;quot;

전데요 : Speaking; This is he; This is Jack speaking.

ex)

  

A. 여보세요, 테리 있어요? : Hello. Is Terry home?

B. 전데요. 누구세요? : Speaking. Who’s calling?

A. 나야. 폴 : It's me, Paul

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 나다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나야. (to younger people or friends)

- 난데. (to younger people or friends)

- 나라니까. (to younger people or friends)

- 나라고. (to younger people or friends)

- 나라구. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 저네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저예요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저인데요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전데요. (honourific by '-요'; a short form of 저인데요)

- 저입니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 접니다.(honourific by '-요'; a short form of 저입니다)

- 저라니까요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저라고요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저라구요. (honourific by '-요')

* [Memo]

We don't use extreme honorifics(극존칭) for older people or people we don't know. Because you have to speak less than the other person(나이가 많거나 잘 모르는 사람에게는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 왜냐하면 자기 자신을 상대방보다 낮춰서 말을 해야 하기 때문에)

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저: I (honourific word)

* 난 : a short form of 나는

* 전 : a short form of 저는

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 이다 : be

* 나다 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -다(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 나네: 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -네(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 나야 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -야(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 난데 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted and 나 + -ㄴ contracted into 난) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask something while anticipating the listener's response: 듣는 사람의 반응을 기대하며 어떤 일에 대해 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미)

* 나라니까 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라니까?((1) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier: 앞서 말한 내용을 다시 확인하면서 말하는 사람이 자신의 말을 강조함을 나타내는 종결 어미 (2) A sentence-final ending used when the speakers orders repeatedly while scolding someone mildly: 가볍게 꾸짖으면서 반복해서 명령하는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미)

* 나라고 : 나 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라고(A sentence-final ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener: 말하는 사람의 생각이나 주장을 듣는 사람에게 강조하여 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미)

* 나라구 : the stronger word of 나라고)

* 저네요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -네(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)

* 저예요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -예 contracted into 예) + -여(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)

* 저인데요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix; A sentence-final ending used to ask something while anticipating the listener's response: 듣는 사람의 반응을 기대하며 어떤 일에 대해 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 전데요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted and 저 + -ㄴ contracted into 전) + -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)

* 저입니다 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 접니다 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted and 저 + -ㅂ contracted into 접) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 저라니까요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라니까?((1) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier: 앞서 말한 내용을 다시 확인하면서 말하는 사람이 자신의 말을 강조함을 나타내는 종결 어미 (2) A sentence-final ending used when the speakers orders repeatedly while scolding someone mildly: 가볍게 꾸짖으면서 반복해서 명령하는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)

* 저라고요 : 저 + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라고(A sentence-final ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener: 말하는 사람의 생각이나 주장을 듣는 사람에게 강조하여 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific endi ng suffix)

* 저라구요 : the stronger word of 저라고요

* 여보세요 : 여(this is a short form of 여기: here) + 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + 어(a declarative and imperative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) <-- 여기 보오

* 여기 : (1) here (2) (look at) me in the sentence

* 보오 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 테리 : Terry

* -가 : a particle makes 테리 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + -ㄷ --> ㄸ] be; exist

* 있어요? : [Pronunciation: 읻서요] 있(the stem of 있다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 누구 : who; whom

* 이다 : be

* 누구세요? : a short form of 누구이세요?

* 누구이세요? : 누구 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;존이에요?&quot;

존이에요? : John?; Is this John?; Am I speaking to John?; You must be John; You’ve gotta be John; You have got to be John

ex)

A. 신시아와 통화하고 싶은데요. 전 대학 친구입니다. : I’d like to talk to Cynthia, please. This is a friend of hers from college.

B. 너 존이야? 어머나, 정말 오랜만이구나! : John? Is that you? My god, I haven’t heard from you in/for ages!

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 존이니? (to younger people or friends)

- 존이냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 존이야? (to younger people or friends)

- 존인가? (to younger people or friends)

- 존인지? (to younger people or friends)

- 존이지? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 존인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존인지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존이지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 존이십니까? (more honourific by '-시-')

[explanations]

* 존 : John

* -이다 : be

* 입니까? : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 이십니까? : 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? / -지? / -어? / -아? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? / -지? / -어? / -아? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -예요? / -이에요? / -입니까? / -십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅅ-‘ / ‘-요’

* 신시아 : Cynthia

* -와 : with; this is used after a word ends in a vowel

* -과: with; this is used after a word ends in a consonant

* 통화[通貨] : currency; the medium of circulation; current coins

* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call

* -를 : a particle makes 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone

* 통화하시다 : an honourific form of 통화하다 by '-시-'

* 통화하고 : 통화하(tje stem of 통화하다) + -고(in order to; a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope

* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶은데요 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer: 일정한 대답을 요구하며 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 난 : a short form of 나는

* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 대학 : [大學] : [=종합 대학] a university; [=단과 대학] a colleg

* 친구 : [親舊] a friend; [=동지] a companion; a mate; a fellow; a comrade; a pal; a chum; [=교우] a circle; company

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an  honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 너 / 니 : you

* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 니 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 존 : John

* 이다 : be

* 이야? : 이(the stem of 이다) + -야?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 어머나! : Oh, my! (by female)

* 정말 / 정말로 / 진짜 / 진짜로 / 너무 / 엄청 : too much

* 오랜 : long, old, long-time

- 오랜 친구 : an old friend

* -만 : (1) [시간의 경과] after the lapse of ‥; interval (2) [=단지·다만·뿐] only; alone; merely; just; [한도·범위] as many[much] as; as[so] far as; at least

* 오랜만 : a short form of 오래간만

* 오래간만(에) : after a long time[interval / silence / absence / separation] / for the first time in a long time[while]; 간 of 오래간만 means between two times (old time and current time)

* 이다 : be

* 이구나! : 이(the stem of 이다) + -구나!(a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "누구세요?"

누구세요? = 전화 거신 분은 누구시죠? = 누구신지 여쭤 봐도 될까요? : Who’s calling, please?; Who is this?; Whom may/should/shall I say is calling?; May I ask who’s calling?; Who am I speaking to?

ex)

A. 영업부입니다. 무엇을 도와 드릴까요? : Sales Department. Can I help you?

B. 안녕하세요. 박 대리님과 통화할 수 있을까요? : Yes, could I speak to Mr. Park, please?

A. 누구신지 여쭤 봐도 될까요? : May I ask who’s calling?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 누고? (to younger people or friends)

- 누구? (to younger people or friends)

- 누구니? (to younger people or friends)

- 누구냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 누구야? (to younger people or friends)

- 누구지? (to younger people or friends)

- 누군데? (to younger people or friends)

- 누구신가? (to younger people or friends)

- 누구신지? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 누구요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 누구지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 누구죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)

- 누군데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 누구입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 누구세요? (more honourific by '시')

- 누구셔요? (more honourific by '시')

- 누구시지요? (more honourific by '시')

- 누구시죠? (more honourific by '시'; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)

- 누구신가요? (more honourific by '시')

- 누구신지요? (more honourific by '시')

- 누구신죠? (more honourific by '시'; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)

- 누구십니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 하시다 : an honourific word of 하다 by '-시-'

* 주다 : give

* 주시다 : an honourific word of 주다 by '-시-'

* 걸다 : make a phone call

* 거시다 : an honourific word of 걸다 by '-시-'; ㄹ erased before 시

* 전화하다 = 전화(를) 하다 = 전화(를) 주다 = 전화를 드리다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 한 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㄴ contracted into 한) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 준 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄴ contracted into 준) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 건 : 걸(the stem of 걸다; 걸 + -ㄴ contracted into 준 after ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 하신 : 하시(the stem of 하시다; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 주신 : 주시(the stem of 주시다; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 거신 : 거시(the stem of 거시다; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* -은 : a particle makes 사람 / 분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 누구 : who; whom

* 이다 : be

* The lefts are made from the rights by erasing "-이-"

<반말(talking down to)>

* 누구니? <-- 누구이니?

* 누구냐? <-- 누구이냐?

* 누구야? <-- 누구이야?

* 누구지? <-- 누구이지?

* 누구신가? <-- 누구이신가?

* 누구신지? <-- 누구이신지?

* 누군데? <-- 누구인데?

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

* 누구지요? <-- 누구이지요?

* 누군데요? <-- 누구인데요?

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

* 누구세요? <-- 누구이세요?

* 누구셔요? <-- 누구이세요?

* 누구시지요? <-- 누구이시지요?

* 누구신가요? <-- 누구이신가요?

* 누구신지요? <-- 누구이신지요?

* 누구십니까? <-- 누구이십니까?

* a noun + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ데? / -지? / -신가? / -신지? : a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다

* a noun + -ㄴ데? / -지? / -신가? / -신지? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a noun + -입니까? / -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? : an honourific interrgative form of 이다 by ‘-ㅂ’ / '-요' / '시'

* 영업 : [營業] business; trade; [=영업 활동] business activities; [=업무의 운영] operation(s)

* 영업부 : Sales Department

* 이다 : be

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 무엇 : what

* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 돕다 / 도우다 : help

* 도와 : 도우(the stem of 도우다) + -아(a connecion suffix betweeb two verbs)

* 주다 : give

* 도와주다 : help with effort

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 안녕 : [安寧] (1) (public) peace; tranquility; good health; well-being; welfare (2) How are you?; Good morning [day]; Good afternoon; Good evening; Good night; good-bye

* 안녕하다 : (1) be well; be all right. (2) [=평안하다] peaceful; calm; uneventful; [=건강하다] healthy; in good health; hale and hearty; be (quite) well; be doing well

* 안녕하세요? : 안녕하(the stem of 안녕하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 박 대리님 : Mr. Park <-- 박(Last name) + 대리(deputy manager) + 님(an honourific suffix attached to a person's name)

* -와 : with; this is used after a word ends in a vowel

* -과: with; this is used after a word ends in a consonant

* 통화할 : 통화하(the stem of 통화하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 수 : a way; a method

* -가 : a particle makes 통화할 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* (-이/-가) 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있을까요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 누구신지 : 누구(who) + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + 시(a suffix makes a noun more honourific) + -ㄴ지(A connective ending used to indicate an ambiguous reason or judgment about the following statement: 뒤에 오는 말의 내용에 대한 막연한 이유나 판단을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 여쭈다 : (1) [=아뢰다] tell ; inform; say; mention; state (2) [=문의하다] ask ; inquire 

- 인사를 여쭈다 : greet

- 좀 여쭙겠는데요 : Excuse me, but ‥

- 또 한 가지 여쭈어 볼 일이 있습니다 : I have one more question to ask you

* 여쭙다 : an honourific word of 여쭈다

* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) try to do

* -아/-어/-여 보다 : try to do

* 여쭤 보다 : try on; try to ask

* 봐도 : 보(the stem of 보다; 보 + -아 contracted into 봐) + -아도/-어도/-여도(A connective ending used when assuming or recognizing the truth of the preceding statement, although it is not related to or does not influence the following statement: 앞에 오는 말을 가정하거나 인정하지만 뒤에 오는 말에는 관계가 없거나 영향을 끼치지 않음을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 되다 : (1) become (2) Could ~;  Can ~

* -아도/-어도/-여도 되다 : An expression used to indicate that a certain act is allowed or accepted(어떤 행동에 대한 허락이나 허용을 나타낼 때 쓰는 표현)

* 될까요? : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -ㄹ contracted into 될) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "존 스미스 씨 댁입니다"

존 스미스 씨 댁입니다 : Smith residence; Hello, (this is the) Smith residence; Hello, this is John Smith speaking.

ex)

A. 여보세요 : Hello

B. 여보세요, 제니퍼 좀 바꿔 주실래요? 저는 에이미예요 : Hello, can I talk to Jennifer? This is Amy

[Explanations]

* 존 스미스 : John Smith

* 씨 : (남자에게 붙여서) Mr. ; (여자에게 붙여서) Mrs. ; Miss; Ms

* 댁[宅] (1) [=가정] a home; [=주택] a house; a residence; [=상대의 집] your home; [=남의 집] a person's home; [=가족] your[his] family (2) [=당신] you (3) [...의 아내] Mrs. ‥; the wife of

- 댁은 어딥니까 : Where is your home? / Where do you live?

- 댁까지 바래다 드리겠습니다 : Let me see you home. / I'll drive you home.

- 이것은 댁의 것입니까 : Is this yours?

- 나중에 댁으로 전화 드리겠습니다 : I will call you up later (at home)

- 김 씨댁 : the wife of Mr. Kim / Mrs. Kim

* 이다 : be

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 여보세요 : 여(this is a short form of 여기: here) + 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + 어(a declarative and imperative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) <-- 여기 보오

* 여기 : here

* 보오 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 제니퍼 : Jennifer

* -를 : a particle makes 제니퍼 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 좀 : a little with the meaning of "Please"

* 바꾸다 : (1) change (2) [=전화를 연결시켜 주다] put someone on the line

* 바꿔 : 바꾸(the stem of 바꾸다; 꾸 + -어 contracted into 꿔) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 바꿔 주다 : do an effort to change

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 에이미 : Amy

* 이다 : be

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "여보세요"

여보세요 = 여보시오 : Hello; Yes: Yeah!

토니 (리)입니다 : Tony; Tony Lee, may I help you?; Tony here; Tony speaking

<Explanations>

* 여보세요 : 여(this is a short form of 여기: here) + 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + 어(a declarative and imperative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) <-- 여기 보오

* 여보시오 : 여(this is a short form of 여기: here) + 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + 어(a declarative and imperative verb ending suffix) + -오(an honourific ending suffix) <-- this is from 여기 보오

* 여기 : here

* 보오 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* 토니 리 : Tony Lee

* 이다 : be

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

<사람들이 전화걸 때 많이 쓰는 ‘여보세요’는 어떤 의미일까?>

문법적으로 따지자면 “여보세요”에서의 ‘여보’의 어원은 ‘여기(此處)’의 ‘여’에 ‘보다(視)’의 어간 ‘보-’가 합해 이루어진 것으로 ‘-세요(해요체)’가 덧붙여진 말이다.

결론적으로 “여보세요”란 말을 굳이 해석하자면 “이봐요, 여기 좀 보세요”란 의미로 해석될 수 있을 것이다. 그렇다면 우리나라에서는 전화를 걸고 받을 때 통상적으로 “여보세요”라고 말하는 이유는 과연 무엇일까?

우리나라에 처음으로 전화가 도입된 것은 바로 1896년, 그러니까 조선 궁내부에 자석식 교환기가 설치되면서부터였다.

이어서 1902년 3월 한성-인천간 전화가 개설되고, 한성전화소에서 전화업무를 개시함으로써 비로소 일반인들도 전화를 사용할 수 있게 되었다.

당시 사람들은 전화기를 통해서 멀리 떨어져 있는 사람과 이야기를 나눌 수 있다는 사실을 무척이나 신기해 하였고 놀라움을 금치 못했다.

전화기를 처음 접한 사람들이 기대 반, 설레임 반으로 가장 먼저 사용한 단어가 바로 다름 아닌 “여보세요”였다고 한다.

상대방의 얼굴은 보이지 않는데, 수화기 속의 사람과는 얘기를 해야 하겠고 그러자 나온 첫마디가 “여보세요”(이봐요, 여기를 보세요)하면서 수화기 안의 사람을 조심스럽게 불러본 것이다.

그 이후론 다들 전화기에 귀를 갖다대곤 한다는 첫마디가 “여보세요”였다고 한다. (http://www.cynews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=13123)

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;제가 받을게요&quot;

제가 받을게요 : I’ll get that; I’ll answer that; Let me get that

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 내가 받을게. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 제가 받을게요. (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 제가 받겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 받다 : [Pronunciation: 받따] (1) [=수령하다] get; have; receive; take; obtain; be given; be presented ; [=받아들이다] accept; [=수여되다] be awarded. (2) (급료·대금 등을) be paid; be given; take; receive; accept; (세금을) collect ; (요금을) charge; ask (3) (꾸어 준 것을) recover ; be recovered; be paid back (4) [=당하다] receive ; suffer; incur ; be subjected[exposed] to (5) (치료·수술 등을) undergo ; go through (6) [전화에 응답하다] answer (7) (아기를) deliver

* 받을게요 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 받겠습니다 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "받지 마세요"

(전화를) 받지 마세요 : Leave it; Just let it ring; Don’t answer it; Don’t pick up; Don’t get that.

ex)

A. 너 전화 울리는 거 아니야? : Isn’t that your phone ringing?

B. 그냥 놔둬 : Just let it ring.

A. 또 전화를 골라 받는구나 : You’re screening your calls again

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 받지 마. (to younger people or friends)

- 받지 마라. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 받지 마요. (honourific by '요')

- 받지 말아요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 받으시지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')

- 받으시지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')

- 받으시지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 받다 : [Pronunciation: 받따] (1) [=수령하다] get; have; receive; take; obtain; be given; be presented ; [=받아들이다] accept; [=수여되다] be awarded. (2) (급료·대금 등을) be paid; be given; take; receive; accept; (세금을) collect ; (요금을) charge; ask (3) (꾸어 준 것을) recover ; be recovered; be paid back (4) [=당하다] receive ; suffer; incur ; be subjected[exposed] to (5) (치료·수술 등을) undergo ; go through (6) [전화에 응답하다] answer (7) (아기를) deliver

* 받지 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 받으시지 : 받으시(the stem of 받으시다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")

* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)

* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "

* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -십시오 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

* 너 / 니 / 네 : you (non-honourifix'c word)

* -의 : a suffix makes 너 / 니 possesive; this omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 울다 : cry; ring; sound

* 울리다 : passive form of 울다 by '-리-'; (1) let cry; move[touch] to tears (2) [=소리를 내다] ring ; sound ; beat ; jingle ; chime ; clang ; blow (3) [=소리가 나다] sound; ring; peal(방울 등이); go bang(쾅하고); roar; [=울려 퍼지다] thunder; rumble; roll(뇌성이); boom(대포가); [=소리가 반향하다] echo; resound; reverberate

* 울리는 : 울리(the stem of 울리다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 거 : a short form of 것이

* -가 : a particle makes 전화가 울리는 거 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted; this omitted

* -이 : a particle makes 전화가 울리는 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant; this omitted; this omitted

* 아니다 : be not; no <--> 이다(be)

- 아니다. (to younger people or friends)

- 아니네. (to younger people or friends)

- 아니야. (to younger people or friends)

- 아닌데. (to younger people or friends)

- 아니네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아니예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아닌데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아니오. (honourific by ‘-오’)

- 아뇨. (honourific by ‘-요’; a short form of "아니오")

- 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 그냥 : (1) [=그대로] as it is; as it stands; intact; in the same way as before; still (2) [=줄곧•계속해서] all the time[way]; (all) through; throughout; continuously (3) [=단지] just; only

- 단지 (조용히) 그냥 앉아 있다 : I'm just sitting quietly

* 놓아두다 = 놓아 두다 : [Pronunciation: 노아두다] [=내버려두다] leave; allow; let

- 개를 그냥 놓아둬. 놀리면 물 테니까 : You had better leave that dog alone, it will bite you if you tease it

- 홍차가 너무 묽으니 더 우러나게 놓아두시오 : The tea is too weak, let it stand for a little while

* 놔두다 : a short form of 놓아두다; 놓 + -아 contracted into 놔 after ㅎ erased before 아

* 놔둬 : 놔두(the stem of 놔두다; 두 + -어 contracted into 둬) + -어(a non-honourific verb ending suffix)

* 또 : again

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 고르다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] choose; select; screen

* 골라 : 고르(the stem of 고르다; 고르 changed into 골ㄹ before 아) + -아(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 받다 : [Pronunciation: 받따] (1) receive (2) answer (the phone)

* 받는구나! : 받(the stem of 받다) + -는구나!(a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "전화 좀 받아 줄래요?"

전화 좀 받아 줄래요? : Can you get that (for me)?; Would you mind picking up the phone?; Answer it!; Somebody, answer the phone; Is anyone gonna get that?; Mind getting that for me?

* 누가 전화를 받다 : who answer the phone, who get the phone, who pick up the phone

* 내가 전화를 받다 : I’ll get it

ex)

A. 전화 오는데, 좀 받아 줄래? : The phone’s ringing. Can you get that for me?

B. 못 받아요. 지금 욕실에 있어요! : I can’t. I’m in the shower!

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화 좀 받아 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 좀 받아 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 좀 받아 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠니? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠나? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화 좀 받아 줘요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 좀 받아 줄래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화 좀 받아 주실래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 전화 좀 받아 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 전화 좀 받아 주겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 누가 : who; this omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 받다 : (1) [=수령하다] get; have; receive; take; obtain; be given; be presented ; [=받아들이다] accept; [=수여되다] be awarded. (2) (급료·대금 등을) be paid; be given; take; receive; accept; (세금을) collect ; (요금을) charge; ask (3) (꾸어 준 것을) recover ; be recovered; be paid back (4) [=당하다] receive ; suffer; incur ; be subjected[exposed] to (5) (치료·수술 등을) undergo ; go through (6) [전화에 응답하다] answer (7) (아기를) deliver

* 받아 : 받(the stem of 받아) + -여/-어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* (전화를) 받아 주다 = (전화를) 받아 드리다 : do an effort to answer the phone

* 줘 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please  ~")

* 줘라 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 줄래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주셔요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주십시오 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 주시겠어요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~"

* a verb + -어 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~”

* 주겠니? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -니?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")

* 주겠나? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -나?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")

* 주겠냐? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -냐?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")

* 주겠어? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")

* 주겠나요? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주겠어요? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?") + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주겠습니까? : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~?")

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어 : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : a honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-습-' / '-ㅂ'

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 오다 : (1) come (2) [=도착하다] reach; arrive

* 오는데 : 오(the stem of 오다) + -는데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted

* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend; this used before subjective particle '-는')

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly; this used before subjective particle '-는')

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 못 : (1) [Pronunciation: low sound] can't; be unable to do (2) [Pronunciation: high sound] (금속으로 만든) a nail; [=대못] a spike; [=나무못] a peg (3) [Pronunciation: high sound] a pond; a pool(작은 웅덩이)

* 받아요 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 지금 : now

* 욕실 : [Pronunciation: 욕씰] 浴室] a bathroom; a bath; a toilet (room)

- 욕실이 딸린 셋집  :a house to let with a bathroom

* -에 : a place suffix means "in"

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] be; exist

* 있어요 : [Pronunciation: 읻서요] 있(the stem of 있다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

   

Let's learn about "전화 왔어요"

전화(가) 왔어요 : Telephone!; I think I hear the telephone; The phone’s ringing.

전화(가) 울리는데 : Is that your phone ringing?

전화가 오네 : There goes the phone

* 울리다 / 소리를 내다 : go; ring

ex)

A. 전화 왔어요 : The phone’s ringing.

B. 그래? 난 하나도 안 들리는데 : Really? I don’t hear a thing

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화(가) 왔다. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 왔네. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 왔어. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 왔는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 왔군! (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 왔구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 울린다. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 울리네. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 울려. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 울리는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 울리는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 울리는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 온다. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 오네. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 와. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 오는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 오는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 전화(가) 오는구나! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화(가) 왔네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 왔어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 왔는데요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 왔군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 울리네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 울려요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 울리는데요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 울리는군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 울립니다. (honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 전화(가) 오네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 와요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 오는데요. (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 오는군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 전화(가) 옵니다. (honourific by '-ㅂ')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화(가) 왔습니다. (formal; honourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 오다 : (1) come (2) [=도착하다] reach; arrive

- 숙부님으로부터 편지가 왔다 : I received a letter from my uncle

- 기차가 올 때까지 여기 있거라 : Remain here till the train comes in

- 자, 목적지에 다 왔다 : Here we are at our destination

- 편지 온 게 있느냐? : Any mail for me?

- 전화 왔습니다 : There's a (telephone) call for you. / A phone for you. / You are wanted on the phone

- 오는 정이 있어야 가는 정이 있다 : <속담(proverb)> Scratch me and I'll scratch you

- 오는 말이 고와야 가는 말이 곱다 : <속담(proverb)> A soft answer turns away wrath

* 온다 : present tense of 오다 by '-ㄴ'; 오 + -ㄴ contracted into 온

* 왔다 : past tense or present completion of 오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔

* 울다 : (1) [사람이] cry; weep; shed tears; [흐느끼며] sob; [훌쩍거리며] blubber; [비통하게] wail; [낮게] whimper (2) (새·벌레가) sing; chirp; twitter; (고양이가) mew; meow; purr(가르랑거리며); (소가) moo; low(낮고 길게); (말이) neigh(길고 크게); whinny(낮고 부드럽게); (양·염소가) bleat; (나귀가) bray; (쥐가) squeak; (개구리가) croak; (오리가) quack; (부엉이가) hoot; (비둘기가) cook; (까마귀가) caw; (수탉이) crow; (암탉이) cackle; cluck; (병아리가) peep (3) [=우글쭈글해지다] wrinkle; crumple; cockle; pucker; become crumpled[wrinkled] (4) [=진동하여 소리나다] whistling; whizzing; with a whistle[whiz(z)] (5) [=울리다•종·천둥 등이 소리를 내다] sound; ring

* 운다 . present tense of 울다 by '-ㄴ'; 울 + -ㄴ contracted into 운 (ㄹ erased before ㄴ)

* 울었다 : past tense of 울다 by '-었-'

* 울리다 : passive form of 울다 by '-리-'; (1) let cry; move[touch] to tears (2) [=소리를 내다] ring ; sound ; beat ; jingle ; chime ; clang ; blow (3) [=소리가 나다] sound; ring; peal(방울 등이); go bang(쾅하고); roar; [=울려 퍼지다] thunder; rumble; roll(뇌성이); boom(대포가); [=소리가 반향하다] echo; resound; reverberate (4) [=세력이 들날리다•세력이 드날리다] wield; sway; dominate; [=평판이 알려지다] be widely[well] known; resound; be famous[celebrated

* 울린다 . present tense of 울리다 by '-ㄴ'; 리 + -ㄴ contracted into 린

* 울렸다 : past tense of 울리다 by '-였-'; 리 + -였 contracted into 렸

* 왔습니다 : 왔(the stem of 왔다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 울려요 : 울리(the stem of 울리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -여(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 울립니다 : 울리(the stem of 울리다; 리 + -ㅂ contracted into 립) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 와요 : 오(the stem of 오다; 오 + -아 contracted into 와) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 옵니다 : 오(the stem of 오다; 오 + -ㅂ contracted into 옵) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* an adjective + -다 / -네 / -어 / -아 / -여 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive adjective ending suffix

* an adjective + -(는)군! / -(는)구나!: a non-honourific exclamatory adjective ending suffix

* an adjective + -네 / -어 / -아 / -여 / -ㄴ데 / -는데 / -(는)군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* an adjective + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive adjective ending suffix by '-습-' / '-ㅂ'

* 그러하다 / 그리하다 / 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그럳타] be so; be such

* 그래 : (1) yes (2) so (2) indeed

- 너 오겠니? 그래  갈께 : Will you come? -- Yes, I will

- 그래 그게 유일한 방법이야 : Yes, that's the only possible way

- 그래 알았다 : I see. / I've got it

- 그래그래 생각났어 : Oh yes, now I remember

- 그래그래 그런 약속이었지 : Yes, yes, that was our agreement, wasn't it?

- 그래 정말인가? : So? / Is that so?

- 그래  너 진담이야 : What! Do you really mean it?

- 그래 정말이야 : Oh, Really?

- 그래 그럴 수 있을까? : Really! Is that possible?

- 그래 너는 뭐라고 말했나? : And (then) what did you say?

- 그래 이제는 내 말을 알아듣겠지 : Now you know what I mean

- 과연 그래 : You are quite[too] right. / So it is

- 그래 잘했어 : Well done!

- 그래 정말 멋지군 : Oh, how wonderful!

* 난 : a short form of 나는

* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 나 : I (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend; this used before subjective particle '-는')

* 저 : I (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly; this used before subjective particle '-는')

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 하나도 : even one t(thing) <-- 하나(one) + -도(even)

* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 듣다 : listen; hear

* 들리다 : passive fom of 듣다 by '-리-; ㄷ changed into ㄹ by the following ㄹ

* 들리는데 : 들리(the stem of 들리다) + -는데(an honourific declarative ending suffix)

Let's learn about "언제가 통화하기 좋으세요?"

언제(가) 통화하기(가) 좋으세요?  :When is a good time for you?; When is the most convenient time for me to call you?; When’s a good time to call?; When should I call you?

ex)

A. 언제 통화하기 좋은가요? : When is a good time for you?

B .7시 이후면 다 좋아요. 그래도 토, 일요일은 피해 주세요 : Anytime after seven o’clock is good for me. But please try to avoid Saturdays and Sundays

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 언제가 통화하기 좋니? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋나? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋은가? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋은지? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋지? (to younger people or friends)

_ 언제가 통화하기 좋은데? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋아? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋을까? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠니? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠나? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 언제가 통화하기 좋나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋은가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋은지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠? is  short form of -지요?)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋은데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋을까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 언제가 통화하기 좋겠는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 언제가 통화하시기 좋습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 언제가 통화하시기 좋으세요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 언제가 통화하시기 좋으셔요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 언제가 통화하시기 좋으십니까? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 언제가 통화하시기 좋겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘스’)

- 언제가 통화하시기 좋으시겠어요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 언제가 통화하시기 좋으시겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 언제 = 언제가 : when

* 통화[通貨] : currency; the medium of circulation; current coins

* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call

* -를 : a particle makes 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone

* 통화하시다 : an honourific form of 통화하다 by '-시-'

* 통화했다 : past tense of 통화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 통화하셨다 : past tense of 통화하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 통화하기 : an noun form of 통화하다 by '-기'

* 통화하시기 : an noun form of 통화하시다 by '-기'

* -가 : a particle makes 통화하기 / 통화하기 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 좋은 : good; suitable in the sentence

* (-이 / -가) 좋다 : [Pronunciation: 조타] be good; be suitable in the sentence

* 좋았다 : past tense of 좋다 by '-았-'

* 좋은데? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -은데?(an interrogative verb suffix has an nuance with hesitation to say)

* 좋겠니? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listerner's will) + -니?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 좋겠나? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listerner's will) + -나?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 좋겠냐? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listerner's will) + -냐?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 좋겠는가? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listerner's will) + -는가?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 좋겠는지? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listerner's will) + -는지?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 좋지요? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 좋을까요? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 좋으세요? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 좋으셔요? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 좋습니까? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 좋으십니까? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 좋겠습니까? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listerner's will)+ -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 좋으시겠어요? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listerner's will) + -어?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 좋으시겠습니까? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listerner's will) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -아? / -은데? / -을까? / -겠니? / -겠나? / -겠냐? / -지 ?  : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아? / -을까? / -은데? / -겠는가? / -겠는지? + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a verb + -(으)세요? / -(으)셔요? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? / -(으)시십니까? / -겠습니까? / -(으)시겠어요? / -(으)시겠습니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-시” / '-스' / ‘-ㅂ’

* 7시 : [Pronunciation: 일곱시] 7 o'clock

* 이전 [以前] (1) [=그 보다 전에] before. (2) [=예전] former times[days]

- 이보다 이전(에) : before this time

- 이전(에) : formerly / in former times / in days gone by / of old / previously / before / [=한때] once / on an earlier occasion

* 이후 : [以後] [=금후] after this; from now on[this time (on)]; [=그 후] after that time; since then; from that time on; afterward(s); [=그후 지금까지] ever since

- 그때 이후 지금까지 : from that time down to this day

- 밤 10시 이후에는 텔레비전의 소리를 줄여 주십시오 : Please turn down your TV after ten p.m

* -면 = -라면 : if

* 다 : all; everything

* 좋아요 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 그래도 : but (still); and yet; nevertheless; though; still; however; all the same; for all that; at any rate

- 이상하게 들릴지 모르지만 그래도 사실이다 : It may sound strange, but it is true for all that

- 그래도 이것이 나은 편이다 : This is less unsatisfactory than that

- 그는 그래도 아직 정신을 못 차린 모양이야 : Even this doesn't seem to have taught him anything[to have gotten through to him]

- 그래도 불만이라면 마음대로 하시오 : If you are still dissatisfied, do as you like

* 토, 일요일 : Saturdays and Sundays

* -은 : a particle makes 토, 일요일 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 피하다 : escape; avoid

* 피해 : 피하(the stem of 피하다; 하 + -어 contracted into

해) + -여(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : give

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (1) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "나중에 다시 걸게요"

나증에 다시 전화 할게요 = 나중에 다시 전화 줄게요 = 나중에 다시 걸게요 : I’ll call back later: I’ll give you a ring later; I’ll talk to you later; I’ll get in touch with you later

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 나중에 다시 전화 할게. (to younger people or friends)

- 나중에 다시 전화 줄게. (to younger people or friends)

- 나중에 다시 전화 걸게. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 나중에 다시 전화 할게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 나중에 다시 전화 줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 나중에 다시 전화 걸게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 나중에 다시 전화 드릴게요. (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 나중에 다시 전화 하겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 나중에 다시 전화 주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 나중에 다시 전화 걸겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 나중에 다시 전화 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 나중 : later

* -에 : a time suffix

* 다시 = 또 : again

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 전화하다 = 전화(를) 하다 = 전화(를) 주다 = 전화를 드리다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 할게요 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 하겠습니다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주겠습니다 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call

- 영어로 말을 걸다 : talk to[address] in English

- ~에게 전화를 걸다 : give someone a ring

* 걸게요 : 걸(the stem of 걸다) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 걸겠습니다 : 걸(the stem of 걸다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ'’

Let's learn about "편한 시간에 다시 전화 드릴까요?"

편한 시간에 다시 전화 드릴까요? : Should I call you back at another time?; Would you like me to call you again some other time?

ex)

A. 편한 시간에 다시 전화할까요? : Should I call you back at another time?

B. 그러실래요? 지금 뭐 하던 중이라서요. 정말 죄송해요 : Could you? I’m in the middle of something here. I’m so sorry

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 할게. (to younger people or friends)

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 줄게. (to younger people or friends)

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 할까? (to younger people or friends)

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 줄까? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 할게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 드릴게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 할까요? (honourific by '-요')

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 줄까요? (honourific by '-요')

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 드릴까요? (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 하겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 편한 시간에 다시 전화 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 불편 :[不便]  (1) [=편리하지 못함] (an) inconvenience; inexpediency; incommodiousness; unhandiness (2) [=몸·마음 등이 편하지 못함] (an) indisposition; (a) discomfort; a disorder; a bad condition; an ailment; malaise

* 불편하다 : (1) be uncomfortable; be inconvenient; be incommodious; be unhandy; be unwieldy (2) [=불편스럽다] be not well; be[feel] unwell[ill]; be indisposed; be[feel] out of sorts[form / condition] <--> 편하다

* 불편한 : uncomfortable; inconvenient; incommodious; unhandy; unwieldy <--> 편한

* 불편하게 : an adverb form of 불편한 by '-게" <--> 편하게

* 편하다 : [便하다] (1) [=안락하다] be comfortable; be easy; [=걱정이 없다] be free from care; be carefree; be insouciant (2) [=편리하다] be convenient; be suited ; be handy; be expedient (3) [=쉽다] be easy; be light; be simple; be soft (4) [=고통이 없다•편해지다]  (고통이) be mitigated / be alleviated / (사람이) feel relief

* 편한 : [便하다] (1) [=안락한] comfortable; easy; [=걱정이 없는] free from care; carefree; insouciant (2) [=편리한] convenient; suited ; handy; expedient (3) [=쉬운] easy; light; simple; soft (4) [=고통이 없는•편해지다{ 고통이) mitigated / alleviated / (사람이) feeling relief

* 편하게 : an adverb form of 편한 by '-게"

* 시간 : [時間] (1) an hour (2) time

* -에 : a time suffix

* 다시 = 또 : again

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 전화하다 = 전화(를) 하다 = 전화(를) 주다 = 전화를 드리다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 할게요 : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 하겠습니다 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 할까요? : 하(the stem of 하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주겠습니다 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 줄까요? : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ'’

* a verb + -까? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -까? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* 그러하다 / 그리하다 / 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그럳타] be so; be such

* 그러시다 / 그리하시다 : an honourific form of 그러하다 / 그리하다 / 그렇다

* 그러실래요? : 그러시(the stem of 그러시다; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 지금 : now

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇을

* -를 : a particle makes 뭐 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* -을 : a particle makes 무엇 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 하다 : do

* 하던 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -던(An ending of a word that makes the preceding statement function as an adnominal phrase and implies that an event or action has not been completed in the past but has been stopped: 앞말이 관형어의 기능을 하게 만들고 사건이나 동작이 과거에 완료되지 않고 중단되었음을 나타내는 어미)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 중 : [中] [=진행중] under; in process[course] of

- 건축 중인 다리 : a bridge under construction

- 집필 중인 책 : a book one has on hand[is engaged on]

- 토의 중인 문제 : the question under discussion

- 식사 중이다 : be at table

- 지금 시험 중이다 : The examinations are going on now

- 아버지는 지금 여행 중이시다 : My father is (away) on a trip

- 모든 사람은 지금 식사 중이다 : Everyone is eating now

- 그녀는 근무 중이다 : She is on duty

* 이다 : be

* 이라서요 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -라서(A connective/final ending used for a reason or cause: 이유나 근거를 나타내는 연결/종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

  

* 정말 = 정말로 = 진짜 = 진짜로 = 너무 = 무지 : really

* 미안 : sorry

* 미안하다 : be sorry

* 죄송 : apology

* 죄송하다 : apologize

* 미안해 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 미안합니다 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

* 죄송해요 : 죄송하(the stem of 죄송하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)

* 죄송합니다 : 죄송하(the stem of 죄송하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

Let's learn about "막"

1. 막 has the following meanings

1)  [=방금] just; just[right] at the moment; just now

- 막 …하려 하다 : be about to / be ready to / be on the point[edge / verge] of

- 막 시작하다 : be going[about] / begin

- 내가 책을 막 읽기 시작하자 그가 들어왔다 : Just as I began[was beginning] to read a book, he came in

- 열차는 막 출발하려 하고 있었다 : The train was about to leave[on the point of leaving]

2. 막 : [幕] has the following meanings

1) [=임시로 지은 집] a temporary shed[shelter]; a booth; a shack; a hut; a shed

- 원두막 : a look-out shed

- 막을 짓다 : put up a booth[shed]

2) [=장막] a curtain; a hanging screen; hanging; [=천막] a tent

- 막을 치다 : stretch a curtain

- 막을 열다 : (위로) raise the curtain / (옆으로) draw the curtain (aside)

- 막을 닫다 : ( 아래로) drop the curtain / (옆으로) close the curtain

- 막을 올리다 : raise a curtain

- 막을 내리다 : lower / let down a curtain

- 막을 거두다 : fold up a tent

- 막을 옆으로 당기다 : pull[draw] aside a curtain

- 3시에 막이 열린다 : The curtain rises at three o'clock

- 마지막 막이 내렸다 : The curtain fell on the last scene

3) [=연극의 단락] an act

- 단막극 : a one-act play / a play in one act

- 제1막 제2장 : Act I, Scene 2

- 3막 6장의 : in three acts and six scenes

- 제2막이 방금 시작되었다 : The second act has just begun

4) [=끝장] an end; a close; a conclusion

- 전쟁의 막을 내리다 : put an end to the war

- 연극은 슬픈 장면에서 막이 내렸다 : The play ended with a sad scene

- 이것으로 3개월간에 걸친 노동 쟁의가 막을 내렸다 : This ended a labor dispute extending over three months

- 그 긴 이야기도 마침내 막을 내렸다 : The long story has at last come to an end[been played out]

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;혹시 방해가 된 건 아닌지요?&quot;

혹시 방해가 된 건 아닌지요? = 제가 방해가 됐나요? = 제가 방해를 했나요?: Am I interrupting anything?; Am I disturbing you?: I’m sorry to bother you; I hope I haven’t interrupted you tonight

* 방해하다 / 가로막다 : interrupt

ex)

A. 제가 방해가 됐나요? : Am I interrupting anything?

B. 아뇨, 괜찮아요. 영화 보다가 지금 막 끝났어요 : No, you’re not. I’ve just finished watching a movie

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아니니? (to younger people or friends)

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아닌가? (to younger people or friends)

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아닌지? (to younger people or friends)

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아니냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아니야? (to younger people or friends)

- 내가 방해가 됐니? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해가 됐나? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해가 됐냐? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해가 됐지? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해가 됐는가? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해가 됐는지? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해가 됐어? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해를 했니? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해를 했나? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해를 했냐? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해를 했지? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해를 했는가? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해를 했는지? (to the younger or friends)

- 내가 방해를 했어? (to the younger or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아닌가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아닌지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아니에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 혹시 방해가 된 건 아닙니까? (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 제가 방해가 됐나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해가 됐지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해가 됐는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해가 됐는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해가 됐어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해를 했나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해를 했지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해를 했는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해를 했는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 제가 방해를 했어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 제가 방해가 됐습니까? (formal; more honourific by '-습-')

- 제가 방해를 했습니까? (formal; more honourific by '-습-')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 방해 : [妨害] [=훼방] disturbance(잠·행동 등의 훼방); obstruction(진행·통행 등의 훼방); block; [=간섭] interruption; interference; check; prevention; trouble; (전파의 방해) jamming; [=장애·지장] a hindrance; an obstacle; an impediment; a barrier; an inconvenience; an encumbrance

- 공무 집행 방해 : an unlawful interference with an officer in the execution of his duty

- 교통 방해 : traffic obstruction

- 방해 행위  : (an) interference; (an) obstruction.

* 방해하다 : [=가로막다] disturb; interrupt; interfere with; intrude (oneself) ; obstruct; hinder; hamper; prevent; check; clog (up); retard; block; encumber; preclude; bar; debar; arrest; (전파를 방해하다) jam

- 방해해서 미안합니다만 누가 와서 뵙자고 합니다 : Excuse me for interrupting you, but someone is here to see you

- 내가 이야기를 하는데 방해하지 마라 : Don't interrupt me when I am talking. / Don't interrupt our conversation

- 방해 행위를 하다 : interfere / obstruct / (생산 등을 지연시키기 위한) sabotage

* -가 : a particle makes 방해 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 되다 : (1) become (2) [In interrogative with -어도 / -여도] Could ~;  Can ~ (4) [as the form of -어야/-아야/-여야 되다] have to do; must

* 됐는가? : 됐(the stem of 됐다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 됐는지? : 됐(the stem of 됐다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 됐어? : 됐(the stem of 됐다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 됐어요? : 됐(the stem of 되다; 되) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 됐습니까? : 됐(the stem of 됐다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* -를 : a particle makes 방해 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 했는가? : 했(the stem of 했다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 했는지? : 했(the stem of 했다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 했어? : 했(the stem of 했다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 했어요? : 했(the stem of 했다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 했습니까? : 했(the stem of 했다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘

* 아니다 : be not; no <--> 이다(be)

- 아니다. (to younger people or friends)

- 아니네. (to younger people or friends)

- 아니야. (to younger people or friends)

- 아닌데. (to younger people or friends)

- 아니네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아니예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아닌데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 아니오. (honourific by ‘-오’)

- 아뇨. (honourific by ‘-요’; a short form of "아니오")

- 아닙니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 괜찮다 : [Pronunciation: 괜찬타] (1) [=쓸 만하다] nice; good; not so bad; passable; fair; fine (2) [=무방하다] (사람이) may; can; be allowed to ; be justified in ; (사물이) justifiable; warrantable; all right; O.K.; will do (3) [=안심이다] safe; secure; free from danger; all right; O.K.

* 괜찮아요 : 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 괜찮습니다 : 괜찮(the stem of 괜찮다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an  honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 영화 : [映畵] a film; a moving picture; a movie; <집합적(collective)> the movies; the cinema

- 개봉 영화 : a first-run film / a newly released film

- 공상 과학 영화 : a science-fiction[an SF] film

- 교육 영화 : an educational film

- 뉴스 영화 : a newsreel / a news film

- 단편 영화 : a short motion picture / a shorty / a briefy / a short

* -를 : a particle makes 영화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 보다 : watch

* 보다가 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -다가((1) A connective ending used when an action or state, etc., is stopped and changed to another action or state: 어떤 행동이나 상태 등이 중단되고 다른 행동이나 상태로 바뀜을 나타내는 연결 어미 (2) A connective ending used when something happens while a certain act is ongoing: 어떤 행동이 진행되는 중에 다른 행동이 나타남을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 지금 : now

* 막 : [=방금] just; just[right] at the moment; just now

- 막 …하려 하다 : be about to / be ready to / be on the point[edge / verge] of

- 막 시작하다 : be going[about] / begin

- 내가 책을 막 읽기 시작하자 그가 들어왔다 : Just as I began[was beginning] to read a book, he came in

- 열차는 막 출발하려 하고 있었다 : The train was about to leave[on the point of leaving]

* 지금 막 : just now

* 끝나다 : finish; end

* 끝났다 : [Pronunciation: 끋낟따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense of 끝나다 by '-았-'; 나 + -았 contracted into 났

* 끝났어요 : 끝났(the stem of 끝났다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "일찍 전화해서 미안해요"

일찍 전화해서 미안해요 : I’m sorry to call so early

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 일찍 전화해서 미안하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 일찍 전화해서 미안하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 일찍 전화해서 미안해. (to younger people or friends)

- 일찍 전화해서 미안하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 일찍 전화해서 미안하구나! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 일찍 전화해서 미안하네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 일찍 전화해서 미안해요. (honourific by '-요')

- 일찍 전화해서 미안하군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 일찍 전화해서 미안합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 일찍 전화해서 죄송해요. (honourific by '-요')

- 일찍 전화해서 죄송합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 일찍 전화(를) 드려서 미안합니다. (formal; honourific by '드리다')

- 일찍 전화(를) 드려서 죄송합니다. (formal; honourific by '-드리다')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 너무 : too much

* 일찍 : (1) [=이르게] early (2) [=일찍이•어렸을 때에] early in life; in one's early days; [=전에] once; one time; before; (의문) ever; (부정) never

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call

- 영어로 말을 걸다 : talk to[address] in English

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 주다 : (1) give (2) do an effort to do

* 줬다 : past tense of 주다  by '-었-'; 주 + -었 contracted into 줬

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 드렸다 : past tense of 드리다  by '-였-'; 리 + -였 contracted into 렸

* 전화해서 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -아서/-어서/-여서(because of)

* 드려서 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 해) + -아서/-어서/-여서(because of)

* -아서/-어서/-여서 : A connective ending used to indicate a reason or cause(이유나 근거를 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 미안 : sorry

* 미안하다 : be sorry

* 죄송 : apology

* 죄송하다 : apologize

* 미안해 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a nom-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 미안합니다 : 미안하(the stem of 미안하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

* 죄송해요 : 죄송하(the stem of 죄송하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)

* 죄송합니다 : 죄송하(the stem of 죄송하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* an adjective + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive adjective ending suffix

* an adjective + -군! / -구나!: a non-honourific exclamatory adjective ending suffix

* an adjective + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* an adjective + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive adjective ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;너무 일찍 전화했나요?&quot;

너무 일찍 전화했나요? : Is this too early?; Forgive me for calling so early

 [other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 너무 일찍 전화했니? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 전화했나? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 전화했지? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 전화했냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 전화했는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 전화했는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 전화했어? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 걸었니? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 걸었나? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 걸었지? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 걸었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 걸었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 걸었는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 일찍 걸었어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 너무 일찍 전화했나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 전화했지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 전화했죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)

- 너무 일찍 전화했는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 전화했는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 전화했어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 걸었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 걸었지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 걸었죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)

- 너무 일찍 걸었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 걸었는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 너무 일찍 걸었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 너무 일찍 전화했습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

- 너무 일찍 전화(를) 드렸나요? (honourific by ‘-드리다’)

- 너무 일찍 전화(를) 드렸지요? (honourific by ‘-드리다’)

- 너무 일찍 전화(를) 드렸는가요? (honourific by ‘-드리다’)

- 너무 일찍 전화(를) 드렸는지요? (honourific by ‘-드리다’)

- 너무 일찍 전화(를) 드렸습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-스’)

- 너무 일찍 걸었습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 너무 : too much

* 일찍 : (1) [=이르게] early (2) [=일찍이•어렸을 때에] early in life; in one's early days; [=전에] once; one time; before; (의문) ever; (부정) never

- 아침 일찍 : early in the morning / in the early morning

- 일찍 일어나는 사람 : an early riser[bird]

- 일찍 자고 일찍 일어나다 : keep early[good / regular] hours

- 저녁을 일찍 먹다 : have an early supper

- 좀더 일찍 그 말을 했더라면 좋았을 걸! : You should have said so earlier[long ago]!

- 나는 여느 때보다 일찍 저녁 식사 준비를 했다 : I prepared supper a little earlier than usual

- 우리는 조금 일찍 목적지에 도착했다  :We arrived at our destination in good time[ahead of schedule]

- 그는 일찍부터 그림의 재능을 발휘했다 : He displayed a talent for art at an early age

- 그 습관은 아주 일찍부터 시작되었다 : That custom began long ago

- 그는 피아니스트로서 일찍이 이름이 높았다 : He became famous as a pianist long ago

- 그는 일찍이 같은 또래 아이들 가운데서 뛰어났었다 : He excelled his friends even in his childhood[even early in life]

- 그는 일찍이 부모를 여의었다 He lost his parents at an early age

- 그런 위대한 사람은 일찍이 본 적이 없다 He is the greatest man I have ever seen

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call

- 영어로 말을 걸다 : talk to[address] in English

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 걸었다 : past tense of 걸다 by '-었-'

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 주다 : (1) give (2) do an effort to do

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 드렸다 : past tense of 드리다  by '-였-'; 리 + -였 contracted into 렸

* 전화했습니까? : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 드렸습니까? : 드렸(the stem of 드렸다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 걸었습니까? : 걸었(the stem of 걸었다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘

Let's learn about "일어나 계셨어요?"

일어나 계셨어요? : Were you up?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 일어나 있었니? (to younger people or friends)

- 일어나 있었나? (to younger people or friends)

- 일어나 있었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 일어나 있었지? (to younger people or friends)

- 일어나 있었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 일어나 있었는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 일어나 있었어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 일어나 있었나요? (honourific by '-요')

- 일어나 있었지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 일어나 있었죠? (-죠 is a short form of -지요?)

- 일어나 있었는가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 일어나 있었는지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 일어나 있었어요? (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 일어나 있었습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 일어나 계셨나요? (honourific by ‘시’)

- 일어나 계셨지요? (honourific by ‘시’)

- 일어나 계셨죠? (-죠 is a short form of -지요?)

- 일어나 계셨는가요? (honourific by ‘시’)

- 일어나 계셨는지요? (honourific by ‘시’)

- 일어나 계셨어요? (honourific by ‘시’)

- 일어나 계셨습니까? (honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 일어나다 : get up

* 일어난다 : present tense of 일어나다 by '-ㄴ-'; 나 + -ㄴ contracted into 난

* 일어났다 : past tense of 일어나다 by '-았-'; 나 + -았 contracted into 났

* 일어나 : 일어나(the stem of 일어나다; 나 + -아 contracted into 나) + -아/-어/-여(A connective ending used to connect a verb and adjective with such auxiliary predicate elements as '두다,' '버리다,' '보다,' '있다,' and '주다.': 동사와 형용사를 보조 용언인 ‘두다’, ‘버리다’, ‘보다’, ‘있다’, ‘주다’ 등과 이어 줄 때 쓰는 연결 어미; this means "and then")

* 있다 : be; exist

* 계시다 : honourific form of 있다 to the eldrly by '시-'

* 있었다 : past tense of 있다 by '-었-'

* 계셨다 : past tense of 계시다 by '-였-'

* 있으셨다 : honourific form of 있었다 to the elderly by '시-'

* 있었습니까? : 있었(the stem of 있었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 계셨나요? : 계셨(the stem of 계셨다) + 나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + 요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 계셨어요? : 계셨(the stem of 계셨다) + 어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + 요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 계셨습니까? : 계셨(the stem of 계셨다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / ?-냐? / -어? / -는가? / -는지? / -지 ? : an interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -는가?  / -는지? / -지? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an interrogative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘스-” / ‘-ㅂ’