대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했어요? = 대체 누구랑 통화한 거야? : Who were you talking to?; Who has been tying you up so long?
* 바쁘게 만들다 : tie up
ex)
A. 계속 통화 중이던데, 대체 누구랑 통화한 거야? : I kept getting a busy signal. Who were you talking to?
B. 우리 사장님하고 통화했어 : Oh, I was talking to my boss
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했니? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했나? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했지? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했어? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 거니? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 거냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 거야? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 건가? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 건지? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 거지? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것이니? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것이냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것이야? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것인지? (to younger people or friends)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것이지? (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 거예요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 건가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 건지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 거지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 거죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 겁니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것인지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것이지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것이죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)
- 대체 누구랑 통화한 것입니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화했습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)
- 대체 누구랑 그렇게 오래 통화하셨습니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 거예요? (more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 건가요? (more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 건지요? (more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 거지요? (more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 거죠? (more honourific by ‘시-’; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 겁니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 것이에요? (more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 것인가요? (more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 것인지요? (more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 것이지요? (more honourific by ‘시-’)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 것이죠? (more honourific by ‘-시’; -죠 is a short form of -지요?)
- 대체 누구랑 통화하신 것입니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시-’)
[explanations]
* 대체 = 도대체 = 대관절 : on earth [in the world / the dickens / the blazes]
* 누구 : who
* -랑 = -와/-과 : with
* 통화[通貨] : currency; the medium of circulation; current coins
* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call
* -를 : a particle makes 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone
* 통화하시다 : an honourific form of 통화하다 by '-시-'
* 통화했다 : past tense of 통화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 통화하셨다 : past tense of 통화하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨
* 통화했는가? : 통화했(the stem of 통화했다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 통화했는지? : 통화했(the stem of 통화했다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)
* 통화했어? : 통화했(the stem of 통화했다) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 통화했어요? : 통화했(the stem of 통화했다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 통화했습니까? : 통화했(the stem of 통화했다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 통화하셨습니까? : 통화하셨(the stem of 통화하셨다) + -스(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘
* 통화한 : 통화하(the stem of 통화하다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and attributive/adnominal)
* 통화하신 : 통화하시(the stem of 통화하시다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and attributive/adnominal)
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 거 : a short form of 것(thing)
* 이다 : be
* 거니? : a short form of 것이니?
* 거냐? : a short form of 것이냐?
* 거야? : a short form of 것이야?
* 건가? : a short form of 것인가?
* 건지? : a short form of 것인지?
* 거지? : a short form of 것이지?
* 건가요? : a short form of 것인가요?
* 건지요? : a short form of 것인지요?
* 거지요? : a short form of 것이지요?
* 거죠? : a short form of 것이죠?
* 거예요? : a short form of 것이에요?
* 겁니까? : a short form of 것입니까?
* 건지? : 거 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -ㄴ지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 건가? : 거 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 거예요? : 거 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + 여 contracted into 예) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix) --> -예요 always used after a word ends in a vowel like "거"
* 겁니까?: 거 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 것인지? : 것 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 것인가? : 것 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 것이에요? : 것 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + 어 contracted into 에) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)--> -이에요 always used after a word ends in a consonant like "것"
* 것입니까?: 것 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? / -지? / -어? / -여? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? / -지? / -어? / -여? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / '시-' / ‘-ㅂ’
* 바쁜 : busy
* 바쁘다 : be busy
* 바빴다 : past tense of 바쁘다 by '-았-'; 쁘 + -았 contractee into 빴
* 바쁘게 : an adverb form of 바쁘다 by '-게'
* 만들다 : (1) make (2) [a causative verb] have someone do
* 계속 : [繼續] continuation; continuance; succession
* 계속하다 = 계속되다 : [=이어지다] continue; last; run on; follow; [=이어서 하다] continue; maintain; keep up ; go on ; [=갱신하다] renew
* 계속적(인) : continuous / continual / uninterrupted
* 계속(적)으로 : [=끊임없이] continuously / [=짧은 간격을 두고 연속적으로] continually / uninterruptedly / [=연이어·잇달아] one after another
* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call
* 중 : [中] [=진행중] under; in process[course] of
- 건축 중인 다리 : a bridge under construction
- 집필 중인 책 : a book one has on hand[is engaged on]
- 토의 중인 문제 : the question under discussion
- 식사 중이다 : be at table
- 지금 시험 중이다 : The examinations are going on now
- 아버지는 지금 여행 중이시다 : My father is (away) on a trip
- 모든 사람은 지금 식사 중이다 : Everyone is eating now
- 그녀는 근무 중이다 : She is on duty
* 이다 : be
* 중이던데요 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -던데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a past situation that is related to the subject in order to say the following statement: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 과거의 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 우리 : (1) we; our (2) I; my (non-honourific word)
* 저희 : (1) we; our (2) I; my (honourific word)
* 사장 : boss; CEO
* -님 : an honourific suffix attached to a title
* -하고 : with
* 통화했어 : 통화했(the stem of 통화했다) + -어(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
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