제가 종일 전화했어요. (통화가 안 되던데요) : I tried to get a hold of you all day (, but I couldn’t get through); I tried getting in touch with you all day; I tried to call you all day
ex)
A. 어젯밤 내내 전화했는데 통화가 안 되더라. 무슨 일 있었어? : I tried to call you all last night, but I couldn’t get through. What happened?
B. 전화가 끊겼어 : My telephone was disconnected
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 내가 종일 전화했다. (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 종일 전화했네. (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 종일 전화했어. (to younger people or friends)
- 내가 종일 전화했는데! (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 제가 종일 전화했네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 제가 종일 전화했어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 제가 종일 전화했는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 제가 종일 전화했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')
[explanations]
* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* 종일 : [終日] all day (long); the whole day (over); for a whole day; throughout[all through] the day; from morning till[to] night
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call; a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone
* 전화한다 = 전화를 한다 = 전화를 건다 : (1) present tense of the above (2) future tense of the above
* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 전화했어요 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a descriptive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 전화했는데요 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 전화했습니다 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'
* 통화[通貨] : currency; the medium of circulation; current coins
* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call
* -가 : a particle makes 통화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do
* 안 되다 : can't; be unable to do
* 되던데요 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -던데(
A connective ending used to talk in advance about a past situation that is related to the subject in order to say the following statement: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 과거의 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 어제 : yesterday
* 밤 : night
* 어젯밤 : last night <-- 어제 + ㅅ(a letter should be inserted between two nouns)
* 내내 : all the time[way]; (all) through; throughout; all along (the line); all during
- 1년 내내 : throughout the year / all the year round / the year around / from year's end to year's end / [=줄곧] always
- 아침 내내 : all through the morning
* 전화했는데 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)
* 되더라 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -더라(A sentence-final ending used to either ask the self about the speaker's past experience or ask the interlocutor about the past experience that they had together: 말하는 이가 과거에 경험한 일을 떠올리며 스스로 묻거나, 함께했던 과거 경험에 대해 상대방에게 물어보는 뜻을 나타내는 종결 어미)
* 무슨 : [의문] what; what kind[sort] of; [=어떤] some; some kind of
* 일 : (1) [=문제] a thing; a matter; an affair; a concern (2) work; [=오래고 고된 일] labor; [=과해진 임무] a task; [=직] a job; employment; [=업무] business; [=직무] one's job; [=임무] a duty; [=직업] one's occupation
* -이 : a particle makes 무슨 일 subjective after a word ends in a consoannt; this omitted
* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'
* 있었다 : past tense of 있다 by '-었-'
* 있으셨다 : past tense of 있으시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨
* 있었어요? : 있었(the stem of 있었다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으셨어요? : 있으셨(the stem of 있으셨다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call; a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 끊다 : [Pronunciation: 끈따; ㅎ + ㄷ should be pronounced as ㄸ]
1) [=절단하다] sever; cut (off); chop off; break
- 둘로 끊다 : cut in two
- 사지를 끊다 : cut off the limbs / dismember a body
- 밧줄을 끊다 : cut[break] a rope
- 직각으로 끊다 : cut at right angles
- 불에 녹여 끊다 : burn off
- 금속 토막을 전기로 녹여 끊다 : cut off a piece of metal with electricity
- 도둑이 금고의 문을 가스 버너로 녹여 끊어 버렸다 : The burglar burned off the safe door with a blowtorch
2) [=단절하다] sever ; break off ; break with; cut ; cut off ; [=중단·차단하다] cut off; stop; shut off; intercept; interrupt; [=끄다] turn off
- 끊을래야 끊을 수 없는 인연 : an indissoluble tie / a fatal connection
- 적의 정보망을 끊다 : cut[sever / break up] an enemy's intelligence network
- 끊을래야 끊을 수 없는 관계에 있다 : be inseparable bound up
- 교제를 끊다 = 절교하다 : sever[cut / drop] acquaintance with / break off friendship with / break with / have done with / be through with
- 연락을 끊다 : sever[cut off] the connection [communication] / [=행방 불명되다] disappear
- 발을 끊다 : stop visiting / keep oneself away from / cease to visit
- 외교 관계를 끊다 : break off[sever] all diplomatic relations
- 전기[가스]를 끊다 : cut off electricity[gas]
- 전류를 끊다 : switch off the electric current
- 회로를 끊다 : kill a circuit
- 보급로를 끊다 : block the supply route
- 적의 퇴로를 끊다 : cut off the enemy's retreat
- 나는 그녀와의 관계를 끊기로 했다 : I decided to break off[sever] my relationship with her
- 나는 폭력단과의 관계를 끊었다 : I have broken off (my connection) with the racketeers
- 나는 그와의 교제를 끊었다 : I've broken with him
* 끊기다 : [Pronunciation: 끈끼다] passive form of 끊다 by '-기-'
* 끊겼다 : [Pronunciation: 끈꼈따] past tense of 끊기다 by '-였-': 기 + -였 contracted into 겼
* 끊겼어 : [Pronunciation: 끈껴써] 끊겼(the stem of 끊겼다) + -어(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
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