Let’s learn about "나들이”

1. Meaning of 나들이 

* 나들다 : a short form of 드나들다

* 드나들다 : come in and go out; to trip

- 이 방 저 방을 분주히 나들다/드나들다 : He busily moves from room to room

* 나들이 : a noun form of 나들다 (-이 : a suffix makes a verb a noun); trip, outing, excursion

* 이 방 : this room

* 저 방 : that room

* -을 : a suffix makes 이방 저방 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 분주한 : busy

* 분주히 : busily

2. 엄마는 나들이 가고 없다 = 엄마는 밖에 나갔기 때문에 집에 없다 : Mom's not home because she's out

* 엄마 : mom

* -는 : a suffix makes 엄마 subjective after a word ends a consonant

* 나들이 : trip, outing, excursion

* -를 : a suffix makes 나들이 objective after a word ends a vowel; this omitted

* 가다 : to go

* -가고 : 가다 + -고( and; and then)

* 없다 : be not; there is not

* 밖 : outside

* -에 : a place suffix means "at"

* 나가다 : to go out

* 나가고 : 나가다 + -고(and; and then)

* 나갔다 : past tense of 나가다

* 나갔기 : a noun form of 나갔다 (-기 : a suffix makes a verb a noun)

* 때문에 : because (of)

* 집 : a house; a home

* -에 : a place suffix means "at/in"

* 없다 : be not; there is not

3. 서점에 나들이 오셔서 책을 읽읍시다 = 지금 계신 곳에서 서점으로 오셔서 책을 읽읍시다 : Let's come to the bookstore from where you are and read a book

* 서점 : a bookstore

* -에 : a place suffix means "at/in"

* 나들이 : trip, outing, excursion

* -를 : a suffix makes 나들이 objective after a word ends a vowel; this omitted

* 오다 : to come

* 오시다 : an honourific form of 오다 to the elderly or unfailiar people

* 오셔서 : 오시다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어서(and then)

* 책 : book

* -을 : a suffix makes 책 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 읽다 : to read

* 읽읍시다 : 읽다 + -읍시다(a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 지금 : now

* 있다 : to be

* 계시다 : (someone esteemed) to be; to stay; to be located; to exist; to live

* 계시는 : 계시다 + -는(a suffix makes a verb present progressive)

* 곳 : a place

* -에서 : from

* 서점 : a bookstore

* -(으)로 : to; toward

* 오다 : to come

* 오시다 : an honourific form of 오다 to the elderly or unfailiar people

* 오셔서 : 오시다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어서(and then)

* 책 : book

* -을 : a suffix makes 책 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 읽다 : to read

* 읽읍시다 : 읽다 + -읍시다(a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-ㅂ’) 

Let’s learn about "-던” suffix

1. 지난 일을 회상하거나 그 회상 사실의 지속을 뜻한다(this means recalling the past or continuing that retrospective)

* 지나다 : pass

* 지난 : 지나다 + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense)

* 일 : a work; a thing

* -을 : a suffix makes 일 objective after a word ends s consonant

* 회상 : recollection; retrospection; reminiscence; reflection; recalling

* 회상하다 / 회상을 하다 : recollect; recall; call to mind; retrospect; remember; reflect on

* 사실 : the fact

* 회상 사실 : s short form of 회상하는 사실

* 회상하는 : 회상하다 + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense)

* -의 : a suffix makes 회상 사실 possesive

* 지속 : continuation

* -을 : a suffix makes 지속 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 뜻 : meaning

* 뜻하다 : to mean

* 뜻한다 : present form of 뜻하다

2. -았던 / -었던 : past tense of -던

3. -시던 : an honourific form of -던

4. 예(examples)

1) 나의 살던 고향은 꽃 피는 산골 : My hometown where I lived is a blooming mountain

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* -의 : a suffix makes 나 possesive after a word ends a vowel; this makes “I" into "my"

* 나의 : this can be replaced by 내가

* 내 : I (non-honourific word)

* -가 : a suffix makes 내 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel

* 살다 : live

* 살던 : 살다 + -던(a suffix makes a verb past tense); this is equal to 살았던

* 살았던 : 살다 + -았(a suffix makes a verb past tense) + -던(a suffix makes a verb past tense)

* 고향 : a hometown

* -은 : a suffix makes 고향 subjective after a word ends a consonant

* 꽃 : flower

* -이 : a suffix makes 꽃 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant; this omitted

* 피다 : to bloom; to blossom

* 피는 : 피다 + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense)

* 산골 : [Pronunciation : 산꼴] a mountainous district; a secluded place <— 산(mountain) + 골(a valley; a village)

* 산골짜기 : [Pronunciation : 산꼴짜기] [=산골짝] a mountain valley; a gorge; a ravine; a glen

2) 한때 외국으로 수출하던 상품 : Goods once exported to foreign countries

* 한때 : once

* 외국 : foreign country, foreign land

* -(으)로 : to; toward

* 수출 : export

* 수출하다 : to export

* 수출하던 : 수출하다 + -던(a suffix makes a verb past tense)

* 상품 : (1) product; goods; merchandise; commodity (2) prize

Let’s read 삼행시(Acrostic poem) about "공무원”(public servant)”

공부하느라 많이 힘들지? : Are you having a hard time studying?

무척이나 외롭고 힘든 싸움 끝에는 : After a very lonely and hard fight,

원했던 세상이 널 기다릴 거야 : The world you wanted will wait for you

* 공무원 : civil[public] servant, public official, government employee[official]

* 공부 : studying

* 공부하다 : to study

* 공부하느라 : 공부하다 + -느라

* -느라 / -느라고 : a suffix indicates that the preceding word is the cause or reason for the latter; these means (1) what with (doing); as a result of (doing) (2) with the idea to (do); with the intention of (doing)

* -느시라 / -느시라고 : an honourific form of -느라 / -느라고

- 병원에 좀 다녀오느라고 늦었다 : I was late because I had to go to the hospital

* 많은 : a lot; many

* 많이 : an adverb form of 많은

* 많다 : a verb form of 많은

* 힘든 : (1) hard, rigid, stiff; difficult, painstaking (2) careful; scrupulous, meticulous (3) diligent, conscientious

* 힘들다 : a verb form of 힘든

* 힘들지? : 힘들다 + -지?(a questioning verb ending suffix)

* 무척 : very; highly; exceedingly; extremely

* -이나 / -나 : (1) but; (and) yet; while; though; although (2) as many [much, long, far] as; no less than; about; around (3) or; and; either...or

* 무척이나 : as many as

* 외로운 : lonely

* 외롭게 : an adverv form of 외로운

* 외롭다 : a verb form of 외로운

* 외롭고 : 외롭다 + -고(and)

* 힘든 : painstaking

* 싸움 : (1) a struggle; a fight; a battle; a combat; an engagement; a war; warfare; a conflict; a contest; a scuffle; a skirmish; a bout (2) a quarrel; a fight; a dispute; a trouble; a conflict <— 싸우다 + -ㅁ(a suffix makes a verb a noun)

* 싸우다 : a verb form of 싸움

* 끝 : the end

* -에 : a place suffix means "at/in/on"

* -는 : a suffix emphasize "-에"

* 원하다 : want; hope

* 원하는 : 원하다 + -는(a suffix makes a verb present progressive and attributive)

* 원했다 : past tense of 원하다

* 원했던 : 원했다 + -던

* -던 : a suffix indicates a reminder of the past or the continuation of that retrospective

- 나의 살던 고향은 꽃 피는 산골 : My hometown I had lived is a flowering mountain

- 한때 외국으로 수출하던 상품 : Goods once exported to foreign countries

* 세상 : world

* -이 : a suffix makes 세상 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant

* 널 : a short form of 너를

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)

* -를 : a suffix makes 너 objective after a word ends a vowel

* 기다리다 : wait (for)

* 기다릴 : 기다리다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 거야 : a short form of 것이야

* 것 : a thing; a stuff

* -이다 : be

* -ㄹ/을/를 것이다 / -ㄹ/을/를 거다 : this makes the preceding verb "will + a verb" like "will wait ~"

* -이야 : an assertive descriptive verb ending suffix

Let’s learn a sentence about "자살 예방 캠페인”

삶이 힘드신가요? : Is life hard for you?

* 자살 : suicide

- 집단 자살 : mass suicide

* 자살하다 : kill oneself, commit suicide, take one's own life, die by one's own hand

* 예방 : (1) prevention (2) courtesy call, courtesy visit

* 예방하다 : (1) prevent, stave off (2) pay a courtesy call, pay a courtesy visit

- 범죄[화재] 예방 : crime[fire] prevention

- 대통령은 프랑스 수상의 예방을 받았다 : The president received a state visit from the prime minister of France

* 캠페인 : a campaign

* 살다 : live

* 삶 : life

* -이 : a suffix makes 삶 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant

* 힘들다 : (1) [body] hard, backbreaking, strenuous (2) [spirit] hard, difficult, tough (3) hard, difficult

- 그게 뭐가 힘들다고 그래요? : What's so hard about that?

- 그는 가만히 앉아 있는 것이 힘들었다 : He found it difficult to sit still.

- 힘든 결정을 내리다 : make a hard[tough] decision

* 힘드시다 : an honourific form of 힘들다 to the elderly

* 힘드신가요? : 힘드시다 + -ㄴ가(a questioning verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

Let’s learn about "버스 안 안내문(a notice in a bus)"

안전벨트는 생명줄!

안전벨트를 꼭 착용바랍니다.

The seat belt is a lifeline!

Please fasten your seat belt.

* 버스 : a bus

* 안 : in

* -의 : a suffix makes 버스 안 possesive; this omitted

* 안내 : guidance, guide

* 문 : a sentence

* 안내문 : a guide; a notice

* 안전 : safety

* 벨트 : a belt

* -는 : a suffix makes 안전벨트 subjective after a word ends a vowel

* 생명 : life

* 줄 : a line

* 생명줄 : a lifeline

* -이다 : be; this omitted

* 안전벨트 : the seat belt

* -를 : a suffix makes 안전벨트 objective after a word ends a vowel

* 꼭 : (1) [반드시•틀림없이] surely, certainly, undoubtedly; at any cost (2) [세게•단단히•꽉] tightly; tight; fast (3) [아주 비슷하게] exactly

- 나는 그가 꼭 돌아올 것이라고 믿는다 : I believe that he would surely come back

- 뚜껑을 꼭 닫아라 : Put the lid on tight

- 그는 나를 꼭 닮았다 : He looks just[exactly] like me

* 착용 : wearing

* 착용하다 : (1) wear (2) fasten in the sentence

* 착용하십시오 : 착용하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific with a meaning of "please~") + -ㅂ시오(a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 착용바랍니다 : 착용(wearing) + 바라다(want; hope; ask) + -ㅂ니다(a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

Let’s learn about "지하철 좌석 안내문(a seat notice of subway)"

이곳의 일곱 개 좌석은 다른 곳 보다 바람의 영향이 적고 온도가 2°C 높은 자리입니다. (하절기)

The seven seats here are less affected by wind and have a higher temperature of 2°C than others. (Summer)

* 이곳 : here

* -의 : a suffix makes 이곳 possesive but this is a place suffix means "at”

* 일곱 : 7; seven

* 개 : a unit counts things

* 좌석 : a seat

* -은 : a suffix makes 좌석 subjective after a word ends a consonant

* 다른 : other(s)

* 곳 : place

* 보다 : (more) than

* 바람 : wind

* -의 : a suffix makes 바람 possesive

* 영향 : influence (on), effect (on), impact (on)

- 그 사건은 내 삶에 큰 영향을 끼쳤다 : That incident had a big impact on my life

* -이 : a suffix makes 바람이 영향 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant

* 적은 : small

* 적다 : be small

* A 보다 B 이 적다 / A 보다 B 가 적다 : B is less than A

* 적고 : 적다 + -고(and)

* 온도 : temperature

* -가 : a suffix makes 온도 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel

* 높은 : high

* 높다 : be high

* 자리 : seat(s)

* -이다 : be

* 하절기 / 여름 : summer

* 동절기 / 겨울 : winter

Let’s learn about "지하철 안내문(a notice of subway)"

무리한 승하차는 사고를 유발할 수 있습니다. (Excessive getting on and off can cause accidents)

* 무리하다 : overwork; do unfeasibly

* 무리한 : impractical[unfeasible]

- 너무 무리하지 마라 : Don't work too hard.

- 무리한 계획 : an impractical[unfeasible] plan

* 승하차 : getting ond off

* -는 : a suffix makes 승하차 subjective after a word ends a vowel

* 사고 : an accident

* -를 : a suffix makes 사고 objective after a word ends a vowel

* 유발하다 : cause

* 유발할 : 유발하다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 수 : a way; a means

* 있다 : be

* 없다 : be not

* -ㄹ/을/를 수 있다 : can; be able to do

* -ㄹ/을/를 수 없다다 : can’t; be not able to do

* 있습니다 : 있다 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

Let’s learn about "부탁(a request•a favor)" #8

1. 당연하지. 언제든 (제가) 기꺼이 도와 드릴 거란 걸 알잖아요 : Sure. You know I’ll always help you

[other expressions]

- 당연하다. / 물론이다. (to younger people or friends)

- 당연하네. / 물론이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 당연하지. / 물론이지. (to younger people or friends)

- 당연해. / 물론이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 당연하네요. / 물론이네요.

- 당연하지요. / 물론이지요.

- 당연해요. / 물론이에요.

- 당연합니다. / 물론입니다. (formal)

- 언제든(지) 기꺼이 도와줄 거란 걸 알지. (to younger people or friends)

- 언제든(지) 기꺼이 도와줄 거란 걸 알잖니. (to younger people or friends)

- 언제든(지) 기꺼이 도와줄 거란 걸 알잖아. (to younger people or friends)

- 언제든(지) 기꺼이 도와 드릴 거란 걸 알지요.

- 언제든(지) 기꺼이 도와 드릴 거란 걸 알죠.

- 언제든(지) 기꺼이 도와 드릴 거란 걸 알잖아요.

- 언제든(지) 기꺼이 도와 드릴 거란 걸 알잖습니까. (formal)

[explanations]

* 당연하다 / 물론이다 : sure

* 당연해 : 당연하다 + -어

* 당연합니다 : 당연하다 + -ㅂㄴ다

* -이다 : be

* 물론입니다 : 물론 + -이다 + -ㅂ니다

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

* a noun + -이다 -이네 / -이야 : a descriptive form of 이다

* a noun + -이요 / -이네요 / -예요 / -이에요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

* -예요 : this is used after a noun word ends a vowel

* -이에요 : this is used after a noun word ends a consonant

* 언제 : when

* -든지 / -든가 / -든 : whether ... or ...; either ... or ...

* 언제든 / 언제든지 : whenever

* 기꺼이 : willingly; with pleasure; joyfully; delightfully; cheerfully; heartily; readily; with (a) good grace; agreeably; gladly

* 내 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 : I (honourific word)

* -가 : s suffix makes 내 / 제 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel

* 도와주다 : [a verb] help; lend someone a hand; work hard for others <— 도우다 / 돕다(help) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 주다(give)

* 도와줄 : 도와주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 도와 드리다 : [a verb phrase] an honourific form of 도와주다 <— 도우다 / 돕다(help) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 드리다(give)

* 도와 드릴 : 도와 드리다 + ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing; a stuff; this makes a word or phrase infinitive or a noun phrase)

* 도와줄 것 / 도와 드릴 것 : helping

* 거란 : a short form of 것이란 / 것이라는

* 것이라는 : 것 + -이다(be) + 라는

* -란 / -라는 : (1) a suffix define the facts behind it (2) Pointing out the meaning of emphasis

* 걸 : a short form of 것을

* 것 : a thing; a stuff

* -을 : a suffix makes 것 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 니가 도와줄 거라는 걸 안다 : I know you're gonna help me

* 알다 : know

* 알죠 : s short form of 알지요

* 알잖습니까 : 알다 + -잖 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?

* a verb + -잖아 / -잖니 / -잖어 / -지 : a descriptive verb ending suffix with the nuance of asking back as if seeking consent from the other party

* a verb + -잖아요 / -잖어요 / -지요 / -죠 / -잖습니까 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix with the nuance of asking back as if seeking consent from the other party by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

2. 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 부르세요 : Call me whenever you need me / Tell me when you need me / Call me anytime

 

[other expressions]

- 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 불러. (to younger people or friends)

- 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 불러라. (to younger people or friends)

- 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 부르게. (to younger people or friends)

- 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 불러요.

- 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 부르세요.

- 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 부르셔요.

- 도움이 필요하면 언제든지 부르십시오. (formal)

[explanations]

* 도우다 / 돕다 : help

* 도움 : 도우다 + -ㅁ(a suffix makes a verb a noun)

* -이(a suffix makes 도움 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant

* 필요 : a need

* 필요하다 / 필요로 하다 : to need

* 필요하면 : 필요하다 + -면(if)

* 언제 : when

* -든지 / -든가 / -든 : whether ... or ...; either ... or ...

* 언제든 / 언제든지 : whenever

* 부르다 : to call

* 불러 : 부르다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -어

* 불러라 : 부르다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -어라

* 부르게 : 부르다 + -게

* 부르세요 : 부르다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요

* 부르셔요 : 부르다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요

* 부르십시오 : 부르다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -게 : a persuasive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 : a persuasive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

3. 말씀만 하세요 : Just say the word / Just tell me when / Just ask for it / All you have to do is ask / Just holler

[other expressions]

- 말만 해. (to younger people or friends)

- 말만 해라. (to younger people or friends)

- 말만 하게. (to younger people or friends)

- 말만 해요.

- 말만 하세요.

- 말만 하셔요.

- 말씀만 하세요.

- 말씀만 하셔요.

- 말씀만 하십시오. (formal)

[explanations]

* 말 : a word (non-honourific word)

* 말씀 : an honourific form of 말(a word)

* -만 : only; just; ‘-을’(a suffix makes a verb objective after a word ends a consonant) was replaced by ‘-만’. therefore ‘-만’ also makes a verb objective

* 하다 : do

* 말하다 / 말을 하다 : speak; say to; tell

* 말씀하다 / 말씀을 하다 : an honourific form of 말하다 / 말을 하다 to the elderly

* 하게 : 하다 + -게

* 해 : 하다 + -어

* 해라 : 하다 + -어라

* 하세요 : 하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요

* 하셔요 : 하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요

* 하십시오 : 하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -게 : a persuasive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 : a persuasive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

4. (너가) 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 주세요 : Please close the door even if it bothers you / Please close the door even if you’re cumbersome

[other expressions]

- 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 줘요.

- 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 줄래요.

- 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 주실래요.

- 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 주십시오. (formal)

- 번거롭더라도 문을 닫아 주시겠어요.

[explanations]

* 번거롭다 : [Pronunciation : 번거롭따]  (1) (be) troublesome; cumbersome; irksome; vexatious; annoying; complicated; involved; entangled; intricate (2) (be) noisy; boisterous

* 번거로운 : onerous, burdensome, laborious; oppressive; involving obligations that outweigh any possible benefits (Law)

- 번거로운 일 : laborious work

* 번거롭더라도 : 번거롭다 + -더라도(even if; even though)

* 문 : door

* -을 : a suffix makes 문 objective after a word ends a consonant

* 닫다 : to close

* 닫아 : 닫다 + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : give

* -아 주다 : ... and do with 

* 줘 : 주다 + -어

* 줘라 : 주다 + -어라

* 줄래 : 주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래

* 주실래요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래 + -요

* 주세요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요

* 주셔요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요

* 주십시오 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요 / -ㄹ래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 : a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let’s learn about "부탁(a request•a favor)" #7

1. 도와줘서 고마워요 : Thanks for your help / Thanks for helping me out / I appreciate your assistence / Your help is appreciated / I really appreciate your help

[other expressions]

- 도와줘서 고맙다. (to younger people or friends)

- 도와줘서 고맙네. (to younger people or friends)

- 도와줘서 고마워. (to younger people or friends)

- 도와줘서 고맙네요.

- 도와줘서 고마워요.

- 도와줘서 고맙습니다. (formal)

- 도와주셔서 고맙네요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 도와주셔서 고마워요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 도와주셔서 고맙습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]

* 돕다 : help

* 주다 : give

* 도와주다 : help somebody. esp. as a form of "help me"

* 도와줘서 : a short form of 도와주어서

* 도와주어서 : 도와주다 + -어서(because of; since)

* 도와주셔서 : 도와주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여서(because of; since)

* 고맙다 : be thank you

* 고마운 : thank

* 고마워 : 고맙다 + -워

* 고맙습니다 : 고맙다 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -워 : a descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

2. 덕분에 살았다 : Thank you for saving me / You’re a lifesaver / I owe you my life

[other expressions]

- 덕분에 살았다. (to younger people or friends)

- 덕분에 살았네. (to younger people or friends)

- 덕분에 살았어. (to younger people or friends)

- 덕분에 살았네요.

- 덕분에 살았어요.

- 덕분에 살았습니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 덕분 : [Pronunciation : 덕뿐] indebtedness

* -에 : a suffix indicating the cause of the action

* 살다 : live; save in the sentence

* 살았다 : past tense or present perfect of 살다

* 살았습니다 : 살았다 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다 

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

3. 도와 드릴까요? : Can I help you? / May I be of any assistence? / Do you want some help? / Can I be of any help? / You look like you need help

[other expressions]

- 도와줘? (to younger people or friends)

- 도와줄까? (to younger people or friends)

- 도울까? (to younger people or friends)

- 도와줘요?

- 도와줄까요?

- 도울까요?

- 도와 드려요? (formal)

- 도와 드릴까요? (formal)

[explanations]

* 도와주다 : [a verb] help; lend someone a hand; work hard for others <— 도우다 / 돕다(help) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 주다(give)

* 도와줘? : 도와주다 + 어?

* 도와줄까? : 도와주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?

* 도울까 : 도우다 / 돕다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?

* 도와 드리다 : [a verb phrase] an honourific form of 도와주다 <— 도우다 / 돕다(help) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 드리다(give)

* 드려요? : 드리다 + -여 + -요?

* 드릴까요? : 드리다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까 + -요?

* a verb + -어? / -ㄹ까? / -까 / -여 : a questioning verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요? / -ㄹ까요? / -여요? / -어요? : a questioning verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’

4. (말만 하세요) 제가 도와 드릴게요 : I’ll help you / I am ready to help you / Just say the word. I’ll help you / Just give me the sign and I’ll help you

[other expressions]

- 말만 하게. (to younger people or friends)

- 말만 해. (to younger people or friends)

- 말만 해요.

- 말씀만 하세요.

- 말씀만 하셔요.

- 말씀만 하십시오. (formal)

- 내가 도와줄게. (to younger people or friends)

- 내가 도와주겠네. (to younger people or friends)

- 제가 도와 드릴게요.

- 제가 도와 드리겠습니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 말 : a word (non-honourific word)

* 말씀 : an honourific form of 말(a word)

* -만 : only; just; ‘-을’(a suffix makes a verb objective after a word ends a consonant) was replaced by ‘-만’. therefore ‘-만’ also makes a verb objective

* 하다 : do

* 말하다 / 말을 하다 : speak; say to; tell

* 말씀하다 / 말씀을 하다 : an honourific form of 말하다 / 말을 하다 to the elderly

* 하게 : 하다 + -게

* 해 : 하다 + -어

* 하세요 : 하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요

* 하셔요 : 하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요

* 하십시오 : 하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오

* a verb + -게 / -어 : a persuasive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -ㅂ시오 : a persuasive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / -ㅂ’

* 내 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 : I (honourific word)

* -가 : s suffix makes 내 / 제 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel

* 도와주다 : [a verb] help; lend someone a hand; work hard for others <— 도우다 / 돕다(help) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 주다(give)

* 도와줄게 : 도와주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will)

* 도와주겠네 : 도와주다 + -겠(one’s will) + -네

* 도와 드리다 : [a verb phrase] an honourific form of 도와주다 <— 도우다 / 돕다(help) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 드리다(give)

* 드릴게요 : 드리다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요

* 드리겠습니다 : 도와주다 + -겠(one’s will) + -ㅂ니다

* a verb + -ㄹ게 / -겠네 : a descriptive verb ending suffix means "I’ll do ~"

* a verb + -ㄹ게요 / -겠습니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix means "I’ll do ~"

Let’s learn about "부탁(a request•a favor)" #6

1. 너무 바빠서 할 수 없어요 : I don’t have the time to do that / I don’t have enough time to do that / I am so busy / I don’t think I would have the time

[other expressions]

- 너무 바빠서 할 수 없다. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 바빠서 할 수 없네. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 바빠서 할 수 없어. (to younger people or friends)

- 너무 바빠서 할 수 없네요.

- 너무 바빠서 할 수 없어요.

- 너무 바빠서 할 수 없습니다. (formal)

[explanations]

* 너무 : too much; so

* 바쁜 : busy

* 바쁘다 : be busy

* 바빠서 : 바쁘다 + -어서/아서(because; because of)

* 하다 : do

* 할 : 하다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 수 : a way; a means

* 없다 : be not; not exist; haven’t

* 있다 : be; exist; have

* -ㄹ/을/를 수 있다 : be able to do; can do

* -ㄹ/을/를 수 없다 : be not able to do

* 없습니다 : 없다 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다

* 있습니다 : 있다 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

2. 좀 도와주세요 : Help! / Help me / Can you help me please? / I wonder if you can help me / I would like your help

[other expressions]

- 좀 도와줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 도와줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 도와줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 좀 도와줘요.

- 좀 도와줄래요.

- 좀 도와주실래요.

- 좀 도와주십시오. (formal)

- 좀 도와주시겠어요.

[explanations]

* 좀 : (1) a little (2) please in the sentence

* 돕다 : help

* 주다 : give

* 도와주다 : help somebody. esp. as a form of "help me"

* 도와줘 : 도와주다 + -어

* 도와줘라 : 도와주다 + -어라

* 도와줄래 : 도와주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래

* 도와주실래요 : 도와주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래 + -요

* 도와주십시오 : 도와주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ시오

* 도와주시겠어요 : 도와주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(one’s will; one’s conjecture) + -어 + -요

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a little persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㄹ래요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -요 / -ㅂ시오 : a little persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

3. 이거 어떻게 작동하는 거예요? / 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려주세요 : Could you tell me how this works? / Could you tell me how I could get this to work? / How do you get this thing to work?

[other expressions]

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 거니? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 거냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 건가? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 건지? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 건데? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 거야? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 건가요?

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 건지요?

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 겁니까? (formal)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것이니? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것이냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것인가? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것인지? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것인데? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것이야? (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것인가요?

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것인지요?

- 이거 어떻게 작동하는 것입니까? (formal)

- 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려줘. (to younger people or friends)

- 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려줘라. (to younger people or friends)

- 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려줄래. (to younger people or friends)

- 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려줘요. (to younger people or friends)

- 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려줄래요.

- 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려주실래요.

- 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려주십시오. (formal)

- 이걸 어떻게 작동하는지 좀 알려주시겠어요.

[explanations]

* 이거 : a short form of 이것(this thing)

* -를 : a suffix makes 이거 objective after a word ends a vowel: this omitted

* -을 : a suffix makes 이것 objective after a word ends a vowel: this can be omitted

* 어떻게 : how

* 작동 : functioning; working

* 작동하다 / 작동을 하다 : to work; to function

* 작동(을) 시키다 / 작동하게 하다 : make something work; get something to work

* 작동하는 : 작동하다 + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and attributive)

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing; a stuff)

* 작동하는 거 / 작동하는 것 : a thing to work; -거 / 것 makes 작동하다 infinitive form like "to work"

* 이다 : be

* 거다 = 것이다

* 건가? : 거 + -ㄴ가?

* 건지? : 거 + -ㄴ지?

* 건데? : 거 + -ㄴ데

* 겁니까? : 거 + -ㅂ니까?

* a noun + -니? / -냐? / -야? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? / -ㄴ데 / -이니? / -이냐? / -이야? / -인가? / -인지? / -인데? : a questioning form of 이다

* a noun + -ㄴ가요? / -ㄴ지요? / -ㄴ데요? / -인가요? / -인지요? / -인데요? / -ㅂ니까? / -입니까? : an honourific questioning form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

* 이걸 : a short form of 이것을

* 이것 : this thing

* -을 : a suffix makes 이것 objective after a word ends a vowel: this can be omitted

* 작동하는지 : 작동하다 + -는지(whether ... or ...; either ... or ...)

* 좀 : (1) a little (2) please in the sentence

* 알다 : to know; to understand

* 주다 : give

* 알려주다 : get someone to know; get someone to understand

* 알려줘 : 알려주다 + -어

* 알려줘라 : 알려주다 + -어라

* 알려줄래 : 알려주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래

* 알려주실래요 : 알려주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래 + -요

* 알려주십시오 : 알려주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ시오

* 알려주시겠어요 : 알려주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(one’s will; one’s conjecture) + -어 + -요

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a little persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㄹ래요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -요 / -ㅂ시오 : a little persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

4. 이거 좀 거들어주세요 : Lend me a hand / Will you give me a hand with this? / Help me out here / Mind lending me a hand?

[other expressions]

- 이거 좀 거들어줘.

- 이거 좀 거들어줘라.

- 이거 좀 거들어줄래.

- 이거 좀 거들어줘요.

- 이거 좀 거들어줄래요.

- 이거 좀 거들어주실래요.

- 이거 좀 거들어주십시오.

- 이거 좀 거들어주시겠어요.

[explanations]

* 이거 : a short form of 이것(this thing)

* -를 : a suffix makes 이거 objective after a word ends a vowel: this omitted

* -을 : a suffix makes 이것 objective after a word ends a vowel: this can be omitted

* 좀 : (1) a little (2) please in the sentence

* 거들어주다 : to help, to lend a hand; to support

* 거들어줘 : 거들어주다 + -어

* 거들어줘라 : 거들어주다 + -어라

* 거들어줄래 : 거들어주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래

* 거들어주실래요 : 거들어주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래 + -요

* 거들어주십시오 : 거들어주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ시오

* 거들어주시겠어요 : 거들어주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(one’s will; one’s conjecture) + -어 + -요

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 : a little persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㄹ래요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -요 / -ㅂ시오 : a little persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’