1. 수석 졸업을 축하해요 : Congratulations on graduating first in your class / Congratulations on becoming the valedictorian / Congratulations on becoming the salutatorian
[other expressions]
- 수석 졸업을 축하한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 수석 졸업을 축하하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 수석 졸업을 축하해. (to younger people or friends)
- 수석 졸업을 축하하네요.
- 수석 졸업을 축하해요.
- 수석 졸업을 축하합니다. (formal)
- 수석 졸업을 축하드려요. (more honourific)
- 수석 졸업을 축하드립니다. (formal; more honourific)
[explanations]
* 수석 : the top seat; the head seat; the head; the chief
* 졸업 : graduation
- 수석(으로) 졸업하다 : graduate first in one’s class
- 수석 졸업 : graduation first in one’s class
* 을 : a suffix makes 수석 졸업 objective after a word ends a consonant
* 축하 : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings
* 축하하다 : congratulate [felicitate] (a person) on; greet celebrate; keep (a festival); felicitate
* 축하의 : congratulatory, festival
* 축하한다 : 축하하다 + -ㄴ다(a suffix makes a verb present tense)
* 축하해 : 축하하다 + -어
* 축하합니다 : 축하하다 + -ㅂ니다
* 축하드리다 : an honourific form of 축하하다; -드리다 is an honourific form of 주다(give)
* 축하드립니다 : 축하드리다 + -ㅂ니다
* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
2. 성공을 축하드려요 : Congratulations on your success/achievement/accomplishments/victory
[other expressions]
- 성공을 축하한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 성공을 축하하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 성공을 축하해. (to younger people or friends)
- 성공을 축하하네요.
- 성공을 축하해요.
- 성공을 축하합니다. (formal)
- 성공을 축하드려요. (more honourific)
- 성공을 축하드립니다. (formal; more honourific)
[explanations]
* 성공 : success; achievement; accomplishments; victory
* 을 : a suffix makes 승진 objective after a word ends a consonant
* 축하 : congratulation; celebration; felicitation; rejoicing; (congratulatory) greetings
* 축하하다 : congratulate [felicitate] (a person) on; greet celebrate; keep (a festival); felicitate
* 축하의 : congratulatory, festival
* 축하한다 : 축하하다 + -ㄴ다(a suffix makes a verb present tense)
* 축하해 : 축하하다 + -어
* 축하합니다 : 축하하다 + -ㅂ니다
* 축하드리다 : an honourific form of 축하하다; -드리다 is an honourific form of 주다(give)
* 축하드립니다 : 축하드리다 + -ㅂ니다
* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
3. 당신이 항상 행복하길 바랄게요 : I hope you’ll always be happy / I wish you every happiness / I wish you all the best / I wish you all the happiness in the world
[other expressions]
- 니가 항상 행복하길 바란다. (to younger people or friends)
- 니가 항상 행복하길 바라네. (to younger people or friends)
- 니가 항상 행복하길 바래. (to younger people or friends)
- 니가 항상 행복하길 바랄게. (to younger people or friends)
- 선생님이 항상 행복하시길 바라네요.
- 선생님이 항상 행복하시길 바래요.
- 선생님이 항상 행복하시길 바랄게요.
- 선생님이 항상 행복하시길 바랍니다. (formal)
- 당신이 항상 행복하길 바랄게. (When someone break up with a lover/husband/wife)
- 당신이 항상 행복하시길 바랄게요. (When someone break up with a lover/husband/wife)
- 니가 항상 행복하길 빈다. (to younger people or friends)
- 니가 항상 행복하길 비네. (to younger people or friends)
- 니가 항상 행복하길 빌어. (to younger people or friends)
- 니가 항상 행복하길 빌게. (to younger people or friends)
- 선생님이 항상 행복하시길 비네요.
- 선생님이 항상 행복하시길 빌어요.
- 선생님이 항상 행복하시길 빌게요.
- 선생님이 항상 행복하시길 빕니다. (formal)
- 당신이 항상 행복하길 빌게. (When someone break up with a lover/husband/wife)
- 당신이 항상 행복하시길 빌게요. (When someone break up with a lover/husband/wife)
[explanations]
* 니 / 너 / 네 : you (non-honourific word)
* -가 : a suffix makes 니 / 너 / 네 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a vowel
* 선생님 : a teacher; this word can be replaced by one’s title like "교수님, 선배님, 형님, 대리님, 과장님, 부장님, 팀장님, 이사님, 상무님, 전무님, 사장님, 대표님”
* -이 : a suffix makes 선생님 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant
* 항상 / 늘 : always
* 행복 : happiness
* 행복한 : happy
* 행복하다 : be happy
* 행복하기 : 행복하다 + -기(a suffix makes a verb a noun)
* 행복하길 : 행복하기 + -(a suffix makes a noun/verb future tense and attributive)
* 바라다 : hope; want
* 바란다 : present form of 바라다
* 바래 : 바라다 + -어
* 바랄게 : 바라다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will)
* 바랍니다 : 바라다 + -ㅂ니다
* 빌다 : pray; hope
* 빈다 : present form of 빌다
* 빌게 : 빌다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will)
* 빕니다 : 빌다 + -ㅂ니다
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -ㄹ게 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
4. (나없는 동안) 건강 조심하고 / 건강 조심해 / 건강해 : Watch your health (while I’m gone) / Take care of your health (while I’m gone) / Look out for your health (while I’m gone) / Stay healthy (while I’m gone)
[other expressions]
- 나없는 동안 (to younger people or friends)
- 내없는 동안 (to younger people or friends)
- 나가 없는 동안 (to younger people or friends)
- 저없는 동안 (to anybody)
- 제없는 동안 (to anybody)
- 제가 없는 동안 (to anybody)
- 저가 없는 동안 (to anybody)
- 건강 조심하고. (to younger people or friends)
- 건강 조심해. (to younger people or friends)
- 건강 조심해요.
- 건강 조심하세요.
- 건강 조심하셔요.
- 건강 조심하십시오. (formal)
- 건강하고. (to younger people or friends)
- 건강해. (to younger people or friends)
- 건강해요.
- 건강하세요.
- 건강하셔요.
- 건강하십시오. (formal)
[explanations]
* 나 / 내 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 / 제 : I (honourific word)
* -가 : a suffix makes 나 / 내 / 저 / 제 subjective afyer a word ends a vowel
* 없다 : be not; there is not / there are not
* 없는 : present form of 없다
* 동안 : while; during; for
* -에 : a time suffix attached to 동안; this omitted
* 건강 : health
* 건강한 : healthy
* 건강하다 : be healthy
* 조심 : heed; care; carefulness; caution; precaution; guard; prudence; discretion; circumspection; wariness
* 조심스런 / 조심하는 : carefull
* 조심하다 : take care of
* 조심하고 : 조심하다 + -고(be doing)
* -고 : (1) and (also); as well as; and then; both; as well (2) to do; doing [having done] (3) be doing; have done
* 조심해 : 조심하다 + -어
* 조심하세요 : 조심하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요
* 조심하셔요 : 조심하다 + -ㅅ(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요
* 조심하십시오 : 조심하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오
* 건강하고 : 건강하다 + -고(be doing)
* 건강해 : 건강하다 + -어
* 건강하세요 : 건강하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요
* 건강하셔요 : 건강하다 + -ㅅ(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요
* 건강하십시오 : 건강하다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오
* a verb + -고 / -어 / -여 : a little imperative and requesting verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 : a little imperative and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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