1. 여기 앉아도 될까요? : Can I sit here? / Do you mind if I sit here? / Is anyone sitting here? / Is it okay if I sit here?
[other expressions]
- 여기 앉아도 되니? (to younger people or friends)
- 여기 앉아도 되나? (to younger people or friends)
- 여기 앉아도 되냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 여기 앉아도 되는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 여기 앉아도 되는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 여기 앉아도 될까? (to younger people or friends)
- 여기 앉아도 되나요?
- 여기 앉아도 되는가요?
- 여기 앉아도 되는지요?
- 여기 앉아도 될까요?
- 여기 앉아도 됩니까? (formal)
- 여기 앉아도 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 여기 : here
* -에 : a place suffix; this omitted
* 앉다 : sit
* 앉아도 : 앉다 + -아도/-어도(a verb suffix means "but or yet"; this acknowledges the fact but has nothing to do with the following statement)
* 되다 : (1) become (2) be able to do in the sentence
* 될까? : 되다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?
* 됩니까? : 되다 + -ㅂ니까?
* 되겠습니까? : 되다 + -겠(one’s conjecture; one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -는지? / -ㄹ까? / -까? : a questioning verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요? / -ㅂ니까? / -겠습니까? : a questioning verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
2. 미안하지만, 그 자리는 이미 임자가 있어요 : I’m sorry, that seat it taken
[other expressions]
- 미안하네만
- 미안하지만
- 미안스럽지만
- 그 자리는 이미 임자가 있다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 자리는 이미 임자가 있네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 자리는 이미 임자가 있어. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 자리는 이미 임자가 있네요.
- 그 자리는 이미 임자가 있어요.
- 그 자리는 이미 임자가 있습니다. (formal)
[explanations]
* 미안하다 : be sorry
* 미안하네 : 미안하다 + -네
* 미안스럽다 : a little honourific form of 미안하다
* -만 : ..., but ~
* 그 : that
* 자리 : seat
* -는 : a suffix makes 자리 subjective after a word ends a vowel
* 이미 : already
* 임자 : (1) owner (2) a title that a hisband calls his wife in the past
* -가 : a suffix makes 임자 the topic of the sentence after a word ends a consonant
* 있다 : be; exist; have
* 임자가 있다 = 주인이 있다 : have an ower; have something in charge
* 있습니다 : 있다 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
3. 좀 지나가도 될까요? : Can I get through, please? / Can I get by? / Let me through / Make way / Get out of the way / Heads up
* 비켜라 / 비켜줄래 : Get out of the way / Heads up <— these sentences might be rude
[other expressions]
- 좀 지나가도 되니? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 지나가도 되나? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 지나가도 되냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 지나가도 되는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 지나가도 되는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 지나가도 될까? (to younger people or friends)
- 좀 지나가도 되나요?
- 좀 지나가도 되는가요?
- 좀 지나가도 되는지요?
- 좀 지나가도 될까요?
- 좀 지나가도 됩니까? (formal)
- 좀 지나가도 되겠습니까? (more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 비켜. (to younger people or friends)
- 비켜라. (to younger people or friends)
- 비킬래. (to younger people or friends)
- 비켜줘 (to younger people or friends)
- 비켜줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 비켜줄래. (to younger people or friends)
- 비켜줘요.
- 비켜줄래요.
- 비켜주실래요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 비켜주세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 비켜주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 비켜주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 좀 : (1) a little (2) please in the sentence
* 지나다 : (1) [=통과하다•지나다니다] pass by; go past; pass through (2) pass; elapse; go on; go by (3) [=경과하다] expire; terminate; be out; exceed; go beyond; go far
* 가다 : go
* 다니다 : (1) go to and from (a place); go to (a place) and back; make a trip to and from (a place); run; ply (between, from...to); walk about [around] (the street); be opened to traffic; be open for traffic
(2) attend (school); go to; commute to (one's office) (3) frequent; visit frequently; resort to; hang around; hang out at (4) go on a round of; make a round of (5) stop at (a place); drop in for a short visit; call
* 지나다니다 : pass by <— 지나다 + 다니다
* 지나가다 : (1) pass by; go past; pass through (2) pass; elapse; go on; go by <— 지나다 + 가다
* 지나가도 : 지나가다 + -아도(but; yet; even)
* 되다 : (1) become (2) be able to do in the sentence
* 될까? : 되다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?
* 됩니까? : 되다 + -ㅂ니까?
* 되겠습니까? : 되다 + -겠(one’s conjecture; one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -는가? / -는지? / -ㄹ까? / -까? : a questioning verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요? / -ㅂ니까? / -겠습니까? : a questioning verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ
* 비키다 : get out of the way; step aside (from); clear; avoid; dodge
* 주다 : give; do something for someone as a compound form of a verb + “-어 주다"
* 비켜주다 : step aside <— 비키다 + 주다
* 비켜 : 비키다 + -여
* 비켜라 : 비키다 + -여라
* 비킬래 : 비키다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래
* 비켜줘 : 비켜주다 + -어
* 비켜줘라 : 비켜주다 + -어라
* 비켜줄래 : 비켜주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래
* 비켜주실래요 : 비켜주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래
* 비켜주세요 : 비켜주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요
* 비켜주셔요 : 비켜주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요
* 비켜주십시오 : 비켜주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오
* a verb + -여 / -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 / -래 : a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix
* a verb + 요 / -ㄹ래요 / -래요 / -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 : a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
4. 조용히 좀 해 주세요 : Keep your voice down, please / Can you be quiet? / Can we have some peace in here? / Keep it down a bit
[other expressions]
- 조용히 좀 해 줘. (to younger people or friends)
- 조용히 좀 해 줘라. (to younger people or friends)
- 조용히 좀 해 줄래. (to younger people or friends)
- 조용히 좀 해 줘요.
- 조용히 좀 해 줄래요.
- 조용히 좀 해 주실래요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 조용히 좀 해 주십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 조용히 좀 해 주시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
[explanations]
* 조용한 : quiet
* 조용히 : an adverb form of 조용한
* 조용하다 : a verb form of 조용한
* 좀 : (1) a little (2) please in the sentence
* 하다 : do
* 조용히 하다 = 조용하다
* 해 : 하다 + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)
* 줘 : 주다 + -어
* 줘라 : 주다 + -어라
* 줄래 : 주다 + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래
* 주실래요 : 주다 + 시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래
* 주세요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + -요
* 주셔요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + -요
* 주십시오 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오
* 주시겠어요 : 주다 + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(one’s will) + -어 + -요
* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -ㄹ래 / -래 : a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix
* a verb + 요 / -ㄹ래요 / -래요 / -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / 시겠어요 : a persuasive and requesting verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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