더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없나요? = 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있나요? : Do you have any nail polish in darker colors?; Do you carry any darker nail polish?
ex)
A. 더 진한 색의 매니큐어 없나요? : Do you have any nail polish in darker shades?
B. 이게 이중에서 가장 어두운 색입니다 : This is the darkest it gets
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없니? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없나? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없어? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있는지? (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 없으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 더 진한 색 매니큐어는 있으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 더 : more
* 진한 : (1) thick (makeup) (2) strong (perfumes)
* 진하게 : an adverb form of 진한
* 진하다 : a verb form of 진한
* 색 [=색상] color
* 의 : a suffix makes 색 possesive
* 매니큐어 : nail polish
* -는/가 : a particle makes 매니큐어 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not ; don’t exist; there is not ; there are not
* 없으시다 : an honourific form of 없다 by '-으시'
* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'
* -는/가 없어요? = -는/-가 있어요? : Do you have ~?
* 없습니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 없으신가요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 없으세요? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 없으십니까? : 없(the stem of 없다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 있으신가요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -으세요? / -으십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’
* 이게 / 저게 / 그게
* 이게 : a short form of 이거가/이것이
* 저게 : a short form of 저거가/저것이
* 그게 : a short form of 그거가/그것이
* 이 : this
* 저 : that (this has the nuance of distance place)
* 그 : that (this has the nunace of neaness)
* 것 : a thing
* 이거 = 이것 : this thing
* 저거 = 저것 : that thing
* 그거 = 그것 : that thing
* -가 : a particle makes 이거 / 저거 / 그거 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* -이 : a particle makes 이것 / 저것 / 그것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
ex)
- 이게 좋겠다 = 이거가 좋겠다 = 이것이 좋겠다 : I like this
- 저게 좋겠다 : = 저거가 좋겠다 = 저것이 좋겠다 : I like that over there
- 그게 좋겠다 = 그거가 좋겠다 = 그것이 좋겠다 : I like that
* 이중에서 : 이(this) + 중(among; between) + -에(a place suffix means "at/in/on") + -서(a place suffix means "from"
* 가장 : [=제일·최고로] most; extremely; exceedingly; to the extreme; supremely
- 가장 안쪽의 : innermost
- 가장 바깥쪽의 : outermost
- 가장 중요한 일 : the most important thing / a matter of the greatest[first] importance / a matter of prime importance
- 가장 좋은 : best
- 가장 나쁜 : worst
- 가장 먼저 : first and foremost / first of all
- 가장 사랑하는 아내 : one's dear(est) wife
- 가장 친한 친구 : one's best[closest / dearest] friend
* 어둡다 : be dark
* 어두운 : dark
* 어둡게 : an adverb form of 어둡다 by '-게'
[Remarks about "ㅂ 불규칙]
In Korean language, All verbs ending in "-ㅂ다" follow the rules below as "ㅂ 불규칙 동사(ㅂ irregular verb)"(“-ㅂ다”로 끝나는 모든 동사는 “ㅂ 불규칙 동사”로서 아래의 규칙을 따른다)
ex)
- 아름답다 : be beautiful --> 아름다운(beautiful), 아름다워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 귀엽다 : be pretty --> 귀여운(pretty), 귀여워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 놀랍다 : be wonderful --> 놀라운(wonderful), 놀라워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 덥다 : be hot in weather --> 더운(hot in weather), 더워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 춥다 : be cold in weather --> 추운(hot in weather), 추워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 아깝다 : be precious --> 아까운(precious), 아까워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]
* ㅂ is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away. (See: https://namu.wiki/w/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%98%20%EC%88%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C)
(1) the ㅂ of 어둡다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’. these days V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation
- See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781
(2) 어두운: an adjective form of 어둡다; this is from 어두 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb into an adjective)
(3) 어두워 : 어둡(the stem of 어둡다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 색 [=색상] color
* 이다 : be
* -입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
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