이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있나요? : Do you have a color one shade darker than this?
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있는지? (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 이것보다 한 단계 어두운 색깔 있으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)
[explanations]
* 이것 : this (thing)
* 보다 : (more) than
* 한 : one
* 단계 : [段階] (1) [=등급] a level; a rank; a grade (2) [=순차적인 과정] a step; a stage; [=국면] a phase
* -의 : suffix makes 한 단계 possesive; this omitted
* 어둡다 : be dark
* 어두운 : dark
[Remarks about "ㅂ 불규칙]
In Korean language, All verbs ending in "-ㅂ다" follow the rules below as "ㅂ 불규칙 동사(ㅂ irregular verb)"(“-ㅂ다”로 끝나는 모든 동사는 “ㅂ 불규칙 동사”로서 아래의 규칙을 따른다)
ex)
- 아름답다 : be beautiful --> 아름다운(beautiful), 아름다워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 귀엽다 : be pretty --> 귀여운(pretty), 귀여워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 놀랍다 : be wonderful --> 놀라운(wonderful), 놀라워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 덥다 : be hot in weather --> 더운(hot in weather), 더워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 춥다 : be cold in weather --> 추운(hot in weather), 추워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
- 아깝다 : be precious --> 아까운(precious), 아까워(non-honourific descriptive verb)
[ㅂ 불규칙 (V irregular rule)]
* ㅂ is originally from ㅸ (ㆁ after ㅂ a sign that tells you to weakly pronounce 'ㅂ' and stop right away. (See: https://namu.wiki/w/%ED%9B%88%EB%AF%BC%EC%A0%95%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%98%20%EC%88%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%8C)
(1) the ㅂ of 어둡다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’. these days V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation
- See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781
(2) 어두운: an adjective form of 어둡다; this is from 어두 + ㅂ(V sound consists of ㅂ + 옛이응 ‘ㆁ’; this changed into '우') + ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb into an adjective)
(3) 어두워 : 어둡(the stem of 어둡다; ㅂ(V sound) changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 색 [=색상•색깔] color
* -은/이 : a particle makes 색깔 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'
* -는/가 없어요? = -는/-가 있어요? : Do you have ~?
* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 있으신가요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -으세요? / -으십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’
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