Let's learn about "그분은 회의 중이십니다"

그분은 회의 중이십니다 : He’s in a meeting right now; He’s in a conference

ex)

A. 지금 회의 중이세요 : He’s in a meeting right now.

B. 언제 다시 전화할까요? : When should I call back then?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 그분은 회의 중이다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그분은 회의 중이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그분은 회의 중이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 그분은 회의 중인데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 그분은 회의 중이네요. (honourific by '요')

- 그분은 회의 중인데요. (honourific by '요')

- 그분은 회의 중이에요 (honourific by '요')

- 그분은 회의 중인데요 (honourific by '요')

- 그분은 회의 중입니다. (honourific by '-ㅂ')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 그분은 회의 중이세요. (more honourific by '시')

- 그분은 회의 중이셔요. (more honourific by '시')

- 그분은 회의 중이신데요. (more honourific by '시')

- 그분은 회의 중이십니다. (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 지금 : now

* 그 : that

* 사람 : human being; a person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; a person (honourific word)

* -은 : a particle makes 사람 / 분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 회의 : [會議] a conference; a meeting; a council; a talk; [=대회] a convention; [=대표자 회의] a congress; [회기 중인] a sitting; a session

* 중 : [中] [=진행중] under; in process[course] of

- 건축 중인 다리 : a bridge under construction

- 집필 중인 책 : a book one has on hand[is engaged on]

- 토의 중인 문제 : the question under discussion

- 식사 중이다 : be at table

- 지금 시험 중이다 : The examinations are going on now

- 아버지는 지금 여행 중이시다 : My father is (away) on a trip

- 모든 사람은 지금 식사 중이다 : Everyone is eating now

- 그녀는 근무 중이다 : She is on duty

* 이다 : be

* 중이에요 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -에(a declarative verb ending suffix; -어 changed inot 에 for easy pronunciation) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 중입니다 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 중이세요 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다)  + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세)+ -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 중이셔요 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다)  + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔)+ -여(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 중이신데요 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다)  + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신)+ -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 중이십니다 : 중 + 이(the stem of 이다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -(이)다 / -(이)네 / -(이)야 / -인데 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다

* a noun + -(이)네 / -인데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a noun + -이에요 / -예요 / -입니다 / -이세요 / -이셔요 / -이신데요 / -이십니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ' / '-ㅅ-'

* -이에요 : this is used after a word ends in a consonant

ex) 생각뿐이에요 : I think of you only

* -예요 : : this is used after a word ends in a vowel

ex) 바다예요 : this is the sea

* 언제 : when

* 다시 : again

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화할까요? : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "꼼짝"

* 꼼짝 has the following meaning

* 꿈쩍 : stronger word of 꼼짝

1. budging; stirring; moving

- 꼼짝하다 : budge; stir; move (slightly); make a move

- 꼼짝하지도 않다 : remain motionless / do not stir[budge] an inch / stand[stock-]still

- 꼼짝할 수 없다 : cannot move at all / can not stir[budge]an inch

- 꼼짝하지 말고 거기 있거라 : Stay put there! / Don't move from that spot!

- 그는 꼼짝하지도 않고 그 자리에 서 있었다 : He stood there motionless[stock-still]

- 꼼짝하면 죽는다 : One move and you are a dead man. / If you dare budge, I will kill you

- 바위가 꼼짝하지 않는다 : The rock won't budge an inch

- 그는 손가락 하나 꼼짝하지 않는다 : He does not stir a finger

- 그는 꼼짝하지 않고 집에 틀어박혀 있다 : He is holed up at home and never stirs (outside)

2. 숙어(Idioms]

1) 꼼짝 못하다

(1) [=움직이지 못하다] cannot move at all / cannot move[budge / stir] an inch

- 그는 그 자리에서 꼼짝도 못했다 : He was rooted to the spot

- 내 차는 눈속에서 꼼짝도 못했다 : My car got stuck[got stalled] in the snow

- 교통 혼잡으로 꼼짝 못했다 : We were help up in a traffic jam

- 일이 쌓여 꼼짝 못한다 : I am swamped with work

- 무서워서 꼼짝 못할 지경이었다 : I was nearly paralyzed with terror

- 그 참사의 뉴스가 있은 후 모두가 텔레비전 앞에서 꼼짝도 못 하고 있었다 : Everyone was glued to their T.V. sets after the news of the disaster came on

- 그는 공포 때문에 그 자리에서 꼼짝도 못했다 : He was transfixed[riveted to the spot / rooted to the spot] with horror

(2) [=곤경에 빠지다] be in a fix; be quite helpless; be at a loss; stick in the mud

- 적을 꼼짝 못하게 하다 : hold the enemy in check

- 그는 빚을 많이 져서 꼼짝 못한다 : He is up to his ears in debt

- 우리는 지배인에게 꼼짝 못한다 : The manager always keeps us under his thumb

- 그는 주인 앞에서는 꼼짝 못한다 : He is always cowed in the presence of his master

- 그는 마누라한테 꼼짝 못한다 : He is henpecked by his wife

- 우리는 꼼짝 못하고 졌다 : We were beaten all hollow

- 그는 나를 말로 꼼짝 못하게 한다 : He talks me down

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;그는 지금 몹시 바빠요&quot;

그는 지금 몹시 바빠요 : He’s extremely busy at the moment; He’s right in the middle of something; He’s all tied up right now; He’s not available at the moment.

* ~으로 꼼짝 못하다 : be tied up

* -의 도중에 / -중에 : in the middle of 

ex)

A. 닉과 통화할 수 있나요? : Is Nick available?

B. 아뇨, 지금 몹시 바쁘신데요. 실례지만 누구시죠? : No, I’m sorry, he’s extremely busy at the moment. May I ask who’s calling?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 지금 몹시 바빠.. (to younger people or friends)

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁜데. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁜데요. (honourific by '-요')

- 그는 지금 몹시 바빠요. (honourific by '-요')

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁩니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘세요. (more honourific by '시')

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘셔요. (more honourific by '시')

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘신데요. (more honourific by '시')

- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘십니다. (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 그 : (1) that (2) he

* -는 : a particle makes 그 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 지금 : now

* 몹시 : [=아주] very; so

* 바쁜 : busy

* 바쁘다 : be busy

* ...하느라 바쁘다 : I'm busy ...ing

- 공부하느라 바빠 : I'm busy studying

- 요리하느라 바쁘다 : I'm busy cooking

* 공부 : studying; learning

* 공부하다 : study; learn

* 요리 : cooking

* 요리하다 : cook

* ...느라 : (1) because (of) (2) in the middle of ...ing

* 바빠요 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다; 으 erased before 아 and ㅃ + -아 contracted into 빠) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 바쁜데 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다; 쁘 + -ㄴ contracted into 쁜) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix) 

* 바쁩니다 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다; 쁘 + -ㅂ contracted into 쁩) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* 바쁘세요 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다)  + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세)+ -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 바쁘셔요 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다)  + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔)+ -여(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 바쁘신데요 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다)  + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신)+ -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 바쁘십니다 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -ㄴ데 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -ㄴ데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* -으로/-로 : A postpositional particle that indicates the cause of or reason for something(어떤 일의 원인이나 이유를 나타내는 조사)

* 꼼짝 : budging; stirring; moving

* 꿈쩍 : stronger word of 꼼짝

* 못하다 : (1) [=잘하지 못하다] be bad[poor] (at), be weak (in) (2) [=수준이 떨어지다] inferior (to) (3) [=할 수 없다] can't

* 꼼짝 못하다 : (1) [=움직이지 못하다] cannot move at all / cannot move[budge / stir] an inch (2) [=곤경에 빠지다] be in a fix; be quite helpless; be at a loss; stick in the mud

* 도중에(서) : [途中에(서)] on the way / on one's way / on the road / en route / on route / in the middle of / in the midst of / in the course of / [=운송 중] in transit / [=중도에서{ halfway; midway

- 학교로 가는 도중에 : on one's way to school

- 집으로 가는 도중에 : on one's way[midway] home / en route home

- 식사 도중에 : in the middle[course] of a meal / midway through a meal

- 이야기 도중에 : in the middle[course] of a conversation/ midway through a conversation

*  -중에 : in the middle of ...ing

* 닉 : Nick

* 과 : (1) and (2) with (this is used after a word ends in a consonant

* 와 : (1) and (2) with (this is used after a word ends in a vowel

* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call

* -를 : a particle makes 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone

* 통화하시다 : an honourific form of 통화하다 by '-시-'

* 통화할 : 통화하(the stem of 통화하다; 할 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 통화하실 : 통화하시(the stem of 통화하시다; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 수 : [=방법•수단] a way: a method

* -이 : a particle makes 수 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'

* 있나요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 아니다 : be not

* 아뇨 : a short form of 아니요

* 아니요 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 실례 : [失禮] rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; impudence; disrespect; bad manners; [=결례] a breach of etiquette; [실수•과실] error

* 실례 : 實例] an example; an instance; an illustration

* 실례하다 / 실례를 하다 : have mercy; give an excuse

* 실례를 범하다 : be rude; be impolite

* 실례지만 : 실례하(the stem of 실례하다) + -지만(but)

* 누구 : who

* 이다 : be

* 이시다 : an honourific word of 이다 by '-시-'

* 누구시죠? : a short form of 누구시지요?

* 누구시지요? : a short form of 누구이시지요?

* 누구이시지요? : 누구 + -이시(the stem of 이시다) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;그 말밖에 없었는데요&quot;

그 말밖에 없었는데요 : That’s all he said; That was all; That’s all he would say

ex)

A. 또 뭐라고 하던가요? : Did he say anything else?

B. 그게 다였어요 : Nope. That’s all he said

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 그 말밖에 없었다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 말밖에 없었네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 말밖에 없었는데. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 말밖에 없었어. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 그 말밖에 없었네요. (honourific by '요')

- 그 말밖에 없었는데요. (honourific by '요')

- 그 말밖에 없었어요. (honourific by '요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 그 말밖에 없었습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 그 : that

* 말 : a word (non-honourific word)

* 말씀 : a word (honourific word)

* 밖 : (1) [=바깥쪽] the outside; [=외부] the exterior; [=옥외] the outdoors; the open (air) (2) [=이외] another; the other; the rest; outside of (a limit); with the exception ; [=다른] else; [=다만 …뿐] only; but; no more than; merely; barely

- 당선권 밖에 있다 : be out of the running (in an election)

- 창문 밖을 내다보다 : look out of the window

- 나는 잠자코 참는 수밖에 없었다 : I had no choice [There was nothing for it] but to endure in silence

- 돈은 이것 밖에 없다 : I have only this much money. / This is all the money I have

* -에 : a place suffix

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not; not exist; there is no

* 없었다 : past tense of 없다 by '-었-'

* 없었는데요 : 없었(the stem of 없었다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 없었습니다 : 없었(the stem of 없었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 또 : again; too

* 뭐라고 : a short form of 무엇이라고

* 무엇 : what

* 이다 : be

* 무엇이라고 : 무엇(what) + -이(the stem of 이다) + -라고((1) An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc: 다른 사람에게서 들은 내용을 간접적으로 전달하거나 주어의 생각, 의견 등을 나타내는 표현 (2) An expression used to indirectly convey the order, recommendation, etc., heard from another person: 다른 사람에게 들은 명령이나 권유 등의 내용을 간접적으로 전할 때 쓰는 표현)

* 하다 : (1) do (2) say in the sentence

* 하시다 : honourific form of 하다 by '-시-'

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 하셨다 : past tense of 하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨 

* -라고 했다 / -라고 하셨다 : He or She said that "~~"

* 하던가요? : 하(the stem of 하다)  + -던가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix used to ask about a fact of the past: 과거의 사실에 대한 물음을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 그게 : a short form of 그것이

* 그것 : that (thing)

* -이 : a particle makes 그것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 다 : all

* 이다 : be

* 였다 : a short form of 이었다; 

* 이였다 : past tense of 이다 by '-였-'; 었 changed into 였 after 이 for easy pronunciation

* 다였어요 : 다 + -였(the stem of 였다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "안 계시는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었어요"

안 계시는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었어요: There were three calls while you were away; You missed three calls; I answered three calls while you were out; I took three calls when you were out

ex)

A. 저 없는 동안 전화 온 거 있나요? : Did I miss any calls while I was away?

B. 네, 세 통 왔었는데 다 메모해 두었습니다 : Yes, there were three calls, and I took the messages for you

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 없는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었다. (to younger people or friends)

- 없는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었네. (to younger people or friends)

- 없는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었어. (to younger people or friends)

- 없는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 안 계시는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 안 계시는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 안 계시는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 안 계시는 동안 전화가 세 통 왔었습니다. (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] be not; don't exist

* 없는 : [Pronunciation: 업는] 없(the stem of 없다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] be; exist; stay

* 계시다 : an honourific word of 있다; be; stay; be located

* 계시는 : 계시(the stem of 계시다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 동안 : <명사(noun)> (a space of) time; a period; a span; a while; [=간격] an interval; a space; <부사적(adverbial)> in; for ; during ; between; [=사이] in the course of ; as[so] long as

- 과거 5년 동안 : for the past five years

- 그 동안 : meanwhile / in the meantime

- 오랫동안 : for a long time[while]

- 살아 있는 동안은 : as long as one lives / while one lives

- 10분 동안을 두고 = 10분 사이를 두고 = 10분 새를 두고 : at intervals of ten minutes

- 일정 기간 동안에 : within a certain[given] period of time

- 자리를 비운 동안에 = 자리를 비운 사이에 = 자리를 비운 새에 : during one's absence / while one is out

* -에 : a time suffix; this omitted

* 없는 동안 : while you're away (non-honourific phrase)

* 안 계시는 동안 : while you're away (honourific phrase)

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 세 : three (셋 is changed into 세 before 통)

* 통 : [通] a unit counts a documents, papers, notes, a bonds, phone calls

- 편지 한 통 : a letter / a note

- 두 통 : two copies

- 엽서 한 통 : a postcard

- 호적 등본 두 통 : complete copies of one's family register

- 서류 세 통 : three copies of a document

* 오다 : (1) come (2) (Telephone) rings in the sentence

* 오시다 : an honourific word of 오다 by '-시-'

* 왔다 : [Pronunciation: 왇따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense of 오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔

* 오셨다 : [Pronunciation: 오셛따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense of 오시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 왔었다 : [Pronunciation: 왇얻따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past perfect of 왔다 by '-었-'

* 오셨었다 : [Pronunciation: 오셛따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past perfect of 오셨다 by '-었-'

* 왔었는데요 : 왔었(the stem of 왔었다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 왔었어요 : 왔었(the stem of 왔었다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 왔었습니다 : 왔었(the stem of 왔었다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not ; don’t exist; there is not ; there are not

* 없는 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 동안 : <명사(noun)> (a space of) time; a period; a span; a while; [=간격] an interval; a space; <부사적(adverbial)> in; for ; during ; between; [=사이] in the course of ; as[so] long as

* -에 : a time suffix; this omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 오다 : (1) come (2) (Telephone) rings in the sentence

* 온 : 오(the stem of 오다; 오 + -ㄴ contracted into 온) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)

* 전화가 온 것 : a phone call

* -가 : a particle makes 거 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* -이 : a particle makes 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'

* 있나요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 네 / 예 : yed

* 다 : all

* 메모 : meno

* 메모하다 : take a message

* 메모해 : 메모하(the stem of 메모하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 두다 : (1) [=놓다] put; place; set; emplace (2) [=남겨 두다] leave (behind) (3) [=손대지 않고 그 상태대로 있게 하다] leave; allow; let; […하게 두다] keep; have

* 두었다 : past tense of 두다 by '-었-'

* 두었습니다 : 두었(the stem of 두었다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "전화해 달라고 부탁하셨어요"

돌아오자마자 전화해 달라고 부탁하셨어요 : He asked me to have you call him back as soon as you return

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 돌아오자마자 전화해 달라고 부탁하셨다. (to younger people or friends)

- 돌아오자마자 전화해 달라고 부탁하셨네. (to younger people or friends)

- 돌아오자마자 전화해 달라고 부탁하셨어. (to younger people or friends)

- 돌아오자마자 전화해 달라고 부탁하셨는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 돌아오자마자 전화해 달라고 부탁하셨네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 돌아오자마자 전화해 달라고 부탁하셨어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 돌아오자마자 전화해 달라고 부탁하셨는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 돌아오시자마자 전화하셔 달라고 부탁하셨습니다. (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 돌아오다 : come back <-- 돌다(turn) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 오다(come)

* 돌아오시다 : an honourific form of 돌아오다 by '-시-'

* 돌아오자마자 : [=돌아오는대로] 돌아오(the stem of 돌아오다) + -자마자(A connective ending used to indicate that the following event or situation occurs right after the preceding event or situation: 앞말이 나타내는 사건이나 상황이 일어나고 곧바로 뒤의 말이 나타내는 사건이나 상황이 일어남을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 돌아오시자마자 : [=돌아오시는대로] 돌아오시(the stem of 돌아오시다) + -자마자(A connective ending used to indicate that the following event or situation occurs right after the preceding event or situation: 앞말이 나타내는 사건이나 상황이 일어나고 곧바로 뒤의 말이 나타내는 사건이나 상황이 일어남을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 돌아오는 : 돌아오(the stem of 돌아오다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 돌아오시는 : 돌아오시(the stem of 돌아오시다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* -대로 : as soon as; A bound noun meaning the very instant when a certain situation or thing occurs(어떤 상황 또는 일이 일어나는 즉시)

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화하시다 = 전화를 하시다 : an honourific forms by '-시-'

* 전화해 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 전화하셔 : 전화하시(the stem of 전화하시다; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 달라다 : ask; request; beg; call upon (a person) to (do); pray for; entreat; plead for <-- short form of 달라고 하다

* 달란다 : present tense of 달라다 by '-ㄴ'

* 달라시다 : an honourific form of 달라다 by '-시-'

* -어/-아/-여 달라고 하다 = 어/-아/-여 달라다 : ask a person for something / ask a person to do

* 달라고 : 달라(the stem of 달라다) + -고(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 부탁 : a request; a favor

* -을 : a suffix makea 부탁 objective after a word ends a consonant; this omitted

* 하다 : do

* 부탁하다 = 부탁을 하다 : ask for; request; make a request; bet; ask a favor of; petition for; beg; solicit

* 부탁한다 : a present form of 부탁하다 by '-ㄴ'

* 부탁하시다 : an honourific word of 부탁하다 by '-시-'

* 부탁했다 : past tense of 부탁하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 부탁하셨다 : past tense of 부탁하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 했

* 부턱하셨는데요 : 부탁하셨(the stem of 부탁하셨다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 부턱하셨어요 : 부탁하셨(the stem of 부탁하셨다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 부탁하셨습니다 : 부탁하셨(the stem of 부탁하셨다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "바로 전화해 달래요"

바로 전화해 달래요 : He wants you to call back: He would like you to return his call right away

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 바로 전화해 달란다. (to younger people or friends)

- 바로 전화해 달라네. (to younger people or friends)

- 바로 전화해 달래. (to younger people or friends)

- 바로 전화해 달라는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 바로 전화해 달라네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 바로 전화해 달래요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 바로 전화해 달라는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 바로 전화해 달랍니다! (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 바로 전화해 달라세요. (more honourific by '시')

- 바로 전화해 달라셔요. (more honourific by '시')

- 바로 전화해 달라십니다. (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 바로 : [=지체 않고 곧] at once; directly; immediately; right now[off]; promptly; without (a moment's) delay [hesitation];  right[straight] away

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화하시다 = 전화를 하시다 : an honourific forms by '-시-'

* 전화해 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 달라다 : ask; request; beg; call upon (a person) to (do); pray for; entreat; plead for <-- short form of 달라고 하다

- 해 달라는 대로 : at (a person's) request / as requested

- 도와 달라다 : ask (a person) for help / call for help

- 돈을 달라다 : ask for money

- 책을 빌려 달라다 : ask (a person) to lend a book

- 그는 내 누이를 달라고 말했다 : He asked (for the hand of) my sister in marriage

- 그에게 있어 달라고 해야겠다 : I will have him stay

* 달란다 : present tense of 달라다 by '-ㄴ'

* 달라시다 : an honourific form of 달라다 by '-시-'

* -어/-아/-여 달라고 하다 = 어/-아/-여 달라다 : ask a person for something / ask a person to do

* 달래요 : 달라(the stem of 달라다; 라 + -어 contracted into 래) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 달라는데요 : 달라(the stem of 달라다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 달랍니다 : 달라(the stem of 달라다; 라 + -ㅂ contracted into 랍) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 달라세요 : 달라(the stem of 달라다)  + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세)+ -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 달라셔요 : 달라(the stem of 달라다)  + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔)+ -여(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 달라십니다 : 달라(the stem of 달라다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "메시지를 남기셨어요"

존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨어요 : A gentleman named John called (and left you a message).

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨다. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨네. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨어. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 존이란 분이 전화하셔서 메시지를 남기셨습니다. (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 존 : John

* 이다 : be

* 존이란 : 존 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -란(a short form of 라는); a short form of 존이라는

* -라는 : (1) An expression used to quote someone while modifying the following noun: 들은 사실을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현 (2) An expression used to quote a remark such as an order, request, etc., while modifying the following noun: 명령이나 요청 등의 말을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현) --> this makes a verb adnominal

* 사람 : human being; a person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; a person (honourific word)

* -이 : a particle makes 사람 / 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화하시다 = 전화를 하시다 = 전화를 거시다 : an honourific forms by '-시-'

* 전화해서 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어서/-아서/-여서(A connective ending used to indicate that the preceding event and the following one happened sequentially: 앞말과 뒤의 말이 순차적으로 일어남을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 전화하셔서 : 전화하시(the stem of 전화하시다; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -어서/-아서/-여서(A connective ending used to indicate that the preceding event and the following one happened sequentially: 앞말과 뒤의 말이 순차적으로 일어남을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 메시지 / 문자 : message

* -를 : a particle makes 메시지 / 문자 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 남다 : [Pronunciation: 남따] (1) [=여분이 있다] remain (over); be left (over); [=너무 많다] be too many[much]; be in excess[surplus] (2) [=잔존하다] remain; linger

- 마음에 남다 : remain[stay] in one's mind

- 역사에 남다 : be written[recorded] in history

- 귀에 남다 : linger[ring] in one's ears

* 남았다 : past tense of 남다 by '-았-'

* 남기다 : (1) [=뒤에 남게 하다] leave (behind); keep back[in]; [=후세에 전하다] leave; hand down (2) [=하지[쓰지] 않고 두다] leave over[undone]; [=따로 떼어 두다·돈을 저축하다] save; spare; have in store; set aside

- 발자국을 남기다 : leave one's footprints

- 나쁜 인상을 남기다 : leave a bad impression behind[on]

- 일을 남기다 : leave one's work unfinished[half-done] / leave one's job over

* 남기시다 : an honourific word of 남기다 by '-시-'

* 남겼다 : past tense of 남기다 by '-였-'; 었 changed into 였 after 기 for easy pronunciation; 기 + 였 contracted into 겼

* 남기셨다 : past tense of 남기시다 by '-였-'; 었 changed into 였 after 시 for easy pronunciation; 시 + 였 contracted into 셨

* 남기셨는데요 : 남기셨(the stem of 남기셨다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 남기셨어요 : 남기셨(the stem of 남기셨다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 남기셨습니다 : 남기셨(the stem of 남기셨다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "존이란 분이 전화하셨어요"

존이란 분이 전화하셨어요 : There was a call from John; Somebody named John called; John called

ex)

A. 존이라는 사람한테서 전화 왔었어요 : Somebody named John called

B. 존 누구요? : John who?

A. 성은 기억이 안 나요. T가 들어갔던가? : I don’t remember his last name. Something with a T?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 존이란 사람이 전화했다. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이란 사람이 전화했네. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이란 사람이 전화했어. (to younger people or friends)

- 존이란 사람이 전화했는데! (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 존이란 분이 전화했네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존이란 분이 전화했어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 존이란 분이 전화했는데요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 존이란 분이 전화했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 존이란 분이 전화하셨어요. (more honourific by '시')

- 존이란 분이 전화하셨습니다. (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]

* 존 : John

* 이다 : be

* 존이란 : 존 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -란(a short form of 라는); a short form of 존이라는

* -라는 : (1) An expression used to quote someone while modifying the following noun: 들은 사실을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현 (2) An expression used to quote a remark such as an order, request, etc., while modifying the following noun: 명령이나 요청 등의 말을 인용하여 전달하면서 그 뒤에 오는 명사를 꾸며 줄 때 쓰는 표현) --> this makes a verb adnominal

* 사람 : human being; a person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; a person (honourific word)

* -이 : a particle makes 사람 / 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화하시다 = 전화를 하시다 = 전화를 거시다 : an honourific forms by '-시-'

* 전화한다 = 전화를 한다 = 전화를 건다 : (1) present tense of the above (2) future tense of the above

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 전화하셨다 : past tense of 전화하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨

* 전화했어요 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 전화했는데요 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -는데(a suffix has a nuance of hesitation to say other people; this used after the stem of a verb ends in a vowel) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 전화했습니다 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 전화하셨어요 : 전화하셨(the stem of 전화하셨다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 전화하셨습니다 : 전화하셨(the stem of 전화하셨다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -는데 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -는데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +-습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

* 존이란 사람한테서 = 존이란 사람으로 부터 : Somebody named John; from John

* -한테서 = -으로 부터 / -로 부터 : from somebody or something

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 오다 : come

* 왔다 : past tense of 오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔

* 왔었다 : past perfect of 왔다 by '-았-'

* 전화(가) 오다 : Telephone rings

* 전화(가) 왔다 : I got a call

* 전화(가) 왔었다 : There was a call

* 왔었어요 : 왔었(the stem of 왔었다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 존 : John

* 누구요? : 누구(Who) + -요(an honourific interrogative ending suffix)

* 성 : [Pronunciation: high long] anger

* 성 : [Pronunciation: middle long] [姓] a surname; a family name;  a last name

* -은 : a particle makes 성 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 기억 : [記憶] memory

* -이 : a suffix makes 기억 subjective after a word ends consonant

* 안 : a word makes a verb negative means “not”

* 나다 : come out; come into being

* 난다 : present tense of 나다 by '-ㄴ'

* 나요 : 나(the stem of 나다; 나 + -아 contracted into 나) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* T가 : T + 가(a suffix makes T subjective after a word ends vowel)

* 들다 : (1) [=들어가다] go in[into]; get in[into]; come in[into] (2) [=안에 담겨 있다] have, contain, hold

* 들어 : 들(the stem of 들다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 오다 : come

* 왔다 : past tense of 오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔

* 가다 : go

* 갔다 : past tense of 가다 by '-았-'; 가 + -았 contracted into 갔

* 들어오다 : come in

* 들어왔다 : past tense of 들어오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔

* 들어가다: go in

* 들어갔다 : past tense of 들어가다 by '-았-'; 가 + -았 contracted into 갔

* 들어갔던가요? : 들어갔(the stem of 들어갔다) + -던가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix used to ask about a fact of the past: 과거의 사실에 대한 물음을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let's learn about "그분이 왜 전화했는지 아세요?

그분이 왜 전화했는지 아세요? : Do you have any idea why he called?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아니? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아나? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 알지? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 알아? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 알지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 알죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠? is  short form of -지요?)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 알아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 압니까? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아세요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아셔요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 그분이 왜 전화했는지 아십니까? (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 그 : that

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)

* -이 : a particle makes 그 분 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 왜 : why

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 걸었다 : past tense of 걸다 by '-었-'

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 전화했는지 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -는지/-ㄴ지(A connective ending used to indicate an ambiguous reason or judgment about the following statement: 뒤에 오는 말의 내용에 대한 막연한 이유나 판단을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 알다 : [ㄹ 불규칙(ㄹ irregular)] know

* 아시다 : an honourific word of 알다 by '-시-'; ㄹ erased before ㅅ

* 알았다 : [Pronunciation: 알앋따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense of 알다 by '-았-'

* 아니? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -니?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 아나? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -나?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 아냐? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -냐?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 아는가? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -는가?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 아는지? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -는지?(an interrogative verb suffix)

* 알지요? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 압니까? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㅂ; 아 + -ㅂ contracted into 압) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 아세요? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 아셔요? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔) + -여?(an interrogative verb suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 아십니까? : 알(the stem of 알다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -아? / -는가? / -는지? / -지 ?  : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? / -는지? / -지? + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a verb + -(으)세요? / -(으)셔요? / -(으)십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-시” / ‘-ㅂ'

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;전화 온 데 없었어요?&quot;

(제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었어요? = (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었어요?: Were there any calls for me?; Did anyone call (me)?; Any messages (for me)? ; Any calls while I was out?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었니? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었나? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었어? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었는지? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었니? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었나? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었냐? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었어? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었는가? (to younger people or friends)

- (내가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었는지? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 없었습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- (제가 없는 동안) 전화 온 데 있었습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] be not ; don’t exist; there is not ; there are not

* 없는 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 동안 : [童顔][=어려 보이는 얼굴] baby face; a boyish face <-- 동(baby; young) + 안(face)

- 그는 동안이다 : He has a baby face

- 그는 여전히 동안이다  :He still has a boyish look

* 동안 : <명사(noun)> (a space of) time; a period; a span; a while; [=간격] an interval; a space; <부사적(adverbial)> in; for ; during ; between; [=사이] in the course of ; as[so] long as

- 과거 5년 동안 : for the past five years

- 그 동안 : meanwhile / in the meantime

- 오랫동안 : for a long time[while]

- 살아 있는 동안은 : as long as one lives / while one lives

- 10분 동안을 두고 = 10분 사이를 두고 = 10분 새를 두고 : at intervals of ten minutes

- 일정 기간 동안에 : within a certain[given] period of time

- 자리를 비운 동안에 = 자리를 비운 사이에 = 자리를 비운 새에 : during one's absence / while one is out

* -에 : a time suffix; this omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 오다 : come

* 왔다 : past tense of 오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔

* 왔었다 : past perfect of 왔다 by '-았-'

* 전화(가) 오다 : Telephone rings

* 전화(가) 왔다 : I got a call

* 전화(가) 왔었다 : There was a call

* 온 : 오(the stem of 오다; 오 + -ㄴ contracted into 온) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)

* 데 : [=곳] place

* -가 : a particle makes 가는 데 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* -이 : a particle makes 가는 곳 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 없다 : [Pronunciation: 업따] (1) be not ; don’t exist; there is not ; there are not (2) don't have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 없다] be unable to do

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 없었다 : past tense of 없다 by '-었-'

* 있었다 : past tense of 있다 by '-었-'

* 없었습니까? : 없었(the stem of 없었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 있었습니까? : 없었(the stem of 없었다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? / -는지?: a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? / -는지? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;무슨 용건이라고 하던가요?&quot;

무슨 용건이라고 하던가요? : What did he say it was about?; What was it about?; Why did he call?; What did he call about?

ex)

A. 용건이 뭐라고 하던가요? : What did he say it was about?

B. 말하지 않았는데 매우 급한 것 같았어요 : Hm, he didn’t say, but it sounded very urgent

[Other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 뭔 용건이라고 하던데? (to the younger people or friends)

- 뭔 용건이라고 하던가? (to the younger people or friends)

- 무슨 용건이라고 하던데? (to the younger people or friends)

- 무슨 용건이라고 하던가? (to the younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 뭔 용건이라고 하던데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 뭔 용건이라고 하던가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 무슨 용건이라고 하던데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 무슨 용건이라고 하던가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 뭔 용건이라고 했습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 무슨 용건이라고 했습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[Explanations]

* 뭔 : a short form of 무슨(what)

* 용건 : [用件] [=볼일•용무] business; affairs; [=할 일] things to do; an engagement; work; an errand

* 용무[用務] : business; a thing to do

* 이다 : be

* 용건이라고 : 용건 + -이(the stem of 이다) + -라고((1) An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc: 다른 사람에게서 들은 내용을 간접적으로 전달하거나 주어의 생각, 의견 등을 나타내는 표현 (2) An expression used to indirectly convey the order, recommendation, etc., heard from another person: 다른 사람에게 들은 명령이나 권유 등의 내용을 간접적으로 전할 때 쓰는 표현)

* 하다 : (1) do (2) say in the sentence

* 하시다 : honourific form of 하다 by '-시-'

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 하셨다 : past tense of 하시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨 

* -라고 했다 / -라고 하셨다 : He or She said that "~~"

* 하던데요? : 하(the stem of 하다)  + -건데?(an interrogative verb ending suffix used to ask about a fact of the past: 과거의 사실에 대한 물음을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 하던가요? : 하(the stem of 하다)  + -던가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix used to ask about a fact of the past: 과거의 사실에 대한 물음을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 했습니까? : 했(the stem of 했다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an hokourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 용건 : [用件] [=볼일•용무] business; affairs; [=할 일] things to do; an engagement; work; an errand

* -이 : a particle makes 용건 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 뭐라고 : 뭐(what) + -이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -라고((1) An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc: 다른 사람에게서 들은 내용을 간접적으로 전달하거나 주어의 생각, 의견 등을 나타내는 표현 (2) An expression used to indirectly convey the order, recommendation, etc., heard from another person: 다른 사람에게 들은 명령이나 권유 등의 내용을 간접적으로 전할 때 쓰는 표현)

* 무엇이라고 : 무엇(what) + -이(the stem of 이다) + -라고((1) An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc: 다른 사람에게서 들은 내용을 간접적으로 전달하거나 주어의 생각, 의견 등을 나타내는 표현 (2) An expression used to indirectly convey the order, recommendation, etc., heard from another person: 다른 사람에게 들은 명령이나 권유 등의 내용을 간접적으로 전할 때 쓰는 표현)

* 하던가요? : 하(the stem of 하다)  + -던가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix used to ask about a fact of the past: 과거의 사실에 대한 물음을 나타내는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 말 : a word (non-honourific word)

* 말씀 : a word (honourific word)

* 말하다 : speak; say; tell (non-honourific word)

* 말씀하시다 : speak; say; tell (honourific word) by '-씀' and '-시-'

* 말하지 : 말하(the stem of 말하다)  + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말씀하시지 : 말씀하시(the stem of 말씀하시다)  + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타] be not

* 않았다 : past tense of 않다 by '-았-'

* 않았는데 : 않았(the stem of 않았다) + -는데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 매우 : very

* 급한 : [Pronunciation: 그판] urgent

* 급하다 : [Pronunciation: 그파다] be urgent

* 것 : a thing

* 같다 : [Pronunciation: 갇따] (1) be equal to (2) seem; look like; I think ~

* 같았다 : [Pronunciation: 가탇따] past tense of 같다 by '-았-'

* -ㄴ 것 같다 : I think that ~

* 같았어요 : [Pronunciation: 가탇서요] 같았(the stem of 같았다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;전화번호 받아 놓았어요?&quot;

전화번호 받아 놓았어요? : Do you have the number with you?; Did you get the number?; What was the number?; Did you take down his number?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화번호 받아 놓았니? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았나? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았지? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았어? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놨니? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놨나? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놨지? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놨냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놨는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놨는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호 받아 놨어? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화번호 받아 놓았나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놓았어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놨나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놨지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놨죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)

- 전화번호 받아 놨는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놨는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호 받아 놨어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화번호 받아 놓았습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 전화번호 받아 놨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : number

* -를 : a particle makes 전화번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* (-을/-를) 받다 : [Pronunciation: 바따; ㄷ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] (1) receive (2) suffer

* 받는다 : present tense of 받다

* 받아 : 받(the stem of 받다) + -아(a connective suffix between two verb)

* 놓다 : [Pronunciation: 녿타] put

* 받아 놓다 : take in <-- receive and put in somewhere

* 놓았다 : [Pronunciation: 노았따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] past tense of 남다 by '-았-'; Since the stem vowel of 놓다 has a positive pronunciation , a suffix makes a verb past tense should be followed by a positive pronunciation like '-았-'

* 놨다 : [Pronunciation: 놛따; ㅅ + ㄷ -> ㄸ] a short form of 놓았다; 

* 놓았는가? : 놓았(the stem of 놓았다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 놓았는지? : 놓았(the stem of 놓았다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 놓았어? : 놓았(the stem of 놓았다) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 놓았어요? : 놓았(the stem of 놓았다) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 놓았습니까? : 놓았(the stem of 놓았다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 놨는가? : 놨(the stem of 놨다) + -는가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 놨는지? : 놨(the stem of 놨다) + -는지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix; -는가 is used after the stem of a word ends in a vowel)

* 놨어? : 놨(the stem of 놨다) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 놨어요? : 놨(the stem of 놨다) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 놨습니까? : 놨(the stem of 놨다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -지? / -는가? / -는지? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -ㅂ니까? / -습니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '-스'

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;그렇게 전해 드리겠습니다&quot;

그렇게 전해 드리겠습니다 : I’ll make sure he gets the message; I’ll give him the message

 

* 확인하다, 꼭 ~하다 : make sure

ex)

A. 존 스미스가 전화했다고, 내일 전화해 달라고 전해 주실래요? : Could you tell him that John Smith called and have him call me back tomorrow?

B. 그러죠. 전화번호를 알려 주시겠어요? : Sure. Can I have your number?

A. 제 번호를 가지고 있을 거예요 : I think he has my number.

B. 감사합니다, 스미스 씨. 그렇게 전해 드리겠습니다 : Thank you, Mr. Smith. I’ll make sure he gets the message

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 그렇게 전해 줄게. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 그렇게 전해 줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 그렇게 전해 드리지요. (more homourific by '-드리다')

- 그렇게 전해 드리죠. (more homourific by '-드리다'; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 그렇게 전해 주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 그렇게 전해 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 그러하다 / 그리하다 / 그렇다 : [Pronunciation: 그럳타] be so; be such

* 그렇게 : [Pronunciation: 그러케] like that; so much

* 전하다 : tell; communicate; deliver; hand (over)

* 전해 : 전하(the stem of 전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주겠습니다 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 드리지요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -지(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -지요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ’ / '-요'

* 확인 : [Pronunciation: 화긴] [確認] confirmation; affirmation; certification; validation

* 확인하다 = 확인을 하다 : confirm; affirm; certify; validate; identify; ascertain; make sure

* 확인되다 = 확인이 되다 : be confirmed; be affirmed; be cerrified; be validated: be identified; be asxertained

* 확인되지 않은 : unconfirmed / naked

* 꼭 : (1) [=단단히] firmly; tightly; fast; close(ly) (2) [=틀림없이] certainly; surely; undoubtedly; at any cost; on all accounts; in any case; by all means; by hook or by crook; without fail; always (3) [=정각에•제시간에] exactly; precisely; punctually; sharp; just; to the minute

* 하다 : do

* 존 스미스 : John Smith

* -가 : a particle makes 존 스미스 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 걸었다 : past tense of 걸다 by '-었-'

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 전화했다고(요) : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -다고(An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc: 다른 사람에게서 들은 내용을 간접적으로 전달하거나 주어의 생각, 의견 등을 나타내는 표현) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 내일 : [來日] [=명일] tomorrow

* 전화해 : 전화하(the stem of 전화하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 달라다 : ask; request; beg; call upon (a person) to (do); pray for; entreat; plead for <-- short form of 달라고 하다

* 달라고 : 달라(the stem of 달라다) + -고(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* -어/-아/-여 달라고 하다 = 어/-아/-여 달라다 : ask a person for something / ask a person to do

* 전하다 : (1) [소식이나 물건 등] tell; communicate; deliver; hand (over)

* -고 전하다 : tell someone to do

* 전해 : 전하(the stem of 전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 주실래요 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 그렇다 = 그러하다 = 그러다 : be such

* 그러죠 : a short form of 그러지요

* 그러지요 : 그러(the stem of 그러다) + -지(A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about himself/herself or his/her thoughts in a friendly manner: 말하는 사람이 자신에 대한 이야기나 자신의 생각을 친근하게 말할 때 쓰는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -의 : a suffix makes 전화 possesive; 전화의 is omitted

* 번호 : [番號] number

* 를 : a particle makes 전화번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 알다 : know

* 알리다 : let someone know; inform

* 알려 주다 : 알리여 + 주다

- 알려 : 알리(the stem of 알리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -여/-어(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : do an effort

* 드리다 : an honourific word of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 알려 주다 = 알려 드리다 : do an effort to inform

* 주세요 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 내 : my; a short form of 나의 (non-honourific word)

* 제 : my; a short form of 나의 (honourific word)

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -의 : a suffix makes 나 / 저 possesive

* 번호 : [番號] number

* 를 : a particle makes 전화번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 가지다 : (손에) have; take; hold; (몸에) carry (with one); have with one[about one]

* 가지고 : 가지(the stem of 가지다) + -고(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있으시다 : [Pronunciation: 읻스시다] an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'

* -고 있다 : be in the state of ...ing

* 있을 : [Pronunciation: 읻슬] 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 있으실 : [Pronunciation: 읻스실] 있으시(the stem of 있으시다; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 겁니다 : a short form of 것입니다

* 거 / 것 : this makes 있을 / 있으실 infinitive or genrund in English

* 이다 : be

* 거예요 : a short form of 것이에요

* 거예요 : 거 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -여 contracted into 예) + -여(a declarative verb ending suffix; 어 changed into 여 for easy pronunciation) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 것입니다 : 것 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 겁니다 : a short form of 것입니다

* 겁니다 : 거 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 것입니다 : 것 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 감사하다 : thank you so much

* 감사합니다 : 감사하(the stem of 감사하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 스미스 씨 : Mr. Smith

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;전화 왔었다고 전해 드리죠&quot;

전화 왔었다고 전해 드리죠 : I’ll tell him you called

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화 왔었다고 전해 줄게. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화 왔었다고 전해 줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화 왔었다고 전해 드리지요. (more homourific by '-드리다')

- 전화 왔었다고 전해 드리죠. (more homourific by '-드리다'; -죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 전화 왔었다고 전해 주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 전화 왔었다고 전해 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -가 : a particle makes 전화 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 오다 : come

* 왔다 : past tense of 오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔

* 왔었다 : past perfect of 왔다 by '-았-'

* 전화(가) 오다 : Telephone rings

* 전화(가) 왔다 : I got a call

* 전화(가) 왔었다 : There was a call

* 왔었다고 : 왔었(the stem of 왔었다) + -다고(An expression used to pass along what the speaker heard from another person, or to present the subject's thoughts, opinions, etc: 다른 사람에게서 들은 내용을 간접적으로 전달하거나 주어의 생각, 의견 등을 나타내는 표현)

* 전하다 : (1) [소식이나 물건 등] tell; communicate; deliver; hand (over) (2) [=물려주다] hand down; transmit; leave; bequeath (3) [=전수(傳授)하다] teach; [=전하여 보내다] pass on to; impart; initiate (4) [=들여오다] introduce.5 [열·빛·소리 등을 전도(傳導)하다] transmit; conduct; propagate; convey

- 이 서류를 그에게 전해 주십시오 : Please hand these papers (over) to him

- 이것은 대대로 전해 내려오는 가훈이다 : This is a family precept transmitted[handed down] from generation to generation

- 지식을 전하다 : impart knowledge to

- 비법을 전하다 : initiate in the mysteries of an art

- 내가 알고 있는 것은 이제 모두 제자들에게 전했다 : I have taught my pupils everything I know. / I have imparted all my knowledge to my pupils

- 한국에 기독교를 전하다 : introduce Christianity into Korea

- 진동을 전하다 : propagate vibration

- 구리는 전기를 전한다 : Copper conducts[transmits] electricity

- 공기는 소리를 전한다 : Air conveys sound

* 전해 : 전하(the stem of 전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주겠습니다 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 드리지요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -지(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -지요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ’ / '-요'

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;돌아오시는 대로 전해 드리겠습니다&quot;

돌아오시는 대로 전해 드리겠습니다 : I’ll get it to him as soon as he gets here

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 돌아오는 대로 전해 줄게. (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 돌아오는 대로 전해 줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 돌아오시는 대로 전해 주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 돌아오시는 대로 전해 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 돌아오다 : come back <-- 돌다(turn) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 오다(come)

* 돌아오시다 : an honourific form of 돌아오다 by '-시-'

* 돌아오는 : 돌아오(the stem of 돌아오다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* 돌아오시는 : 돌아오시(the stem of 돌아오시다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* -대로 : as soon as; A bound noun meaning the very instant when a certain situation or thing occurs(어떤 상황 또는 일이 일어나는 즉시)

* 전하다 : (1) [소식이나 물건 등] tell; communicate; deliver; hand (over) (2) [=물려주다] hand down; transmit; leave; bequeath (3) [=전수(傳授)하다] teach; [=전하여 보내다] pass on to; impart; initiate (4) [=들여오다] introduce.5 [열·빛·소리 등을 전도(傳導)하다] transmit; conduct; propagate; convey

- 이 서류를 그에게 전해 주십시오 : Please hand these papers (over) to him

- 이것은 대대로 전해 내려오는 가훈이다 : This is a family precept transmitted[handed down] from generation to generation

- 지식을 전하다 : impart knowledge to

- 비법을 전하다 : initiate in the mysteries of an art

- 내가 알고 있는 것은 이제 모두 제자들에게 전했다 : I have taught my pupils everything I know. / I have imparted all my knowledge to my pupils

- 한국에 기독교를 전하다 : introduce Christianity into Korea

- 진동을 전하다 : propagate vibration

- 구리는 전기를 전한다 : Copper conducts[transmits] electricity

- 공기는 소리를 전한다 : Air conveys sound

* 전해 : 전하(the stem of 전하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주겠습니다 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "그분에게 번호를 드릴까요?"

그분에게 번호를 드릴까요? = 그분에게 번호를 드릴게요 : Shall I give him your telephone number?; I’ll make sure he gets your number

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 그 사람에게 번호를 줄게. (to younger people or friends)

- 그 사람에게 번호를 줄까? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 그분에게 번호를 줄게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 그분에게 번호를 드릴게요. (honourific by '-요')

- 그분에게 번호를 줄까요? (honourific by '-요')

- 그분에게 번호를 드릴까요? (honourific by '-요')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 그분께 번호를 주겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

- 그분께 번호를 드리겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저: I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 그 : that

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)

* -에게 / -한테 : to; toward

* -께 : an honourific word of  -에게 / -한테

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : number

* -를 : a particle makes 전화번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 주다 : give

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* 줄게요 : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 주겠습니다 : 주(the stem of 주다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 줄까요? : 주(the stem of 주다; 주 + -ㄹ contracted into 줄) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드릴게요 : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 드리겠습니다 : 드리(the stem of 드리다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 드릴까요? : 드리(the stem of 드리다; 리 + -ㄹ contracted into 릴) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a verb + -게 : a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -게 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a declarative verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-스’ / ‘-ㅂ'

* a verb + -까? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix has an honourific

* a verb + -까? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;그분이 번호를 알고 있나요?&quot;

그분이 번호를 알고 있나요? : Does he have/know your number?

ex)

A. 그분이 전화번호를 알고 있나요? : Does he have your number?

B. 아뇨, 모를 겁니다. 제가 나중에 다시 걸게요 : No, I don’t think so. I’ll just call him back later

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있니? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있나? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있어? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있는가? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있는지? (to younger people or friends)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있을까? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있을까요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있으신가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있으신지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

- 그분이 번호를 알고 있으실까요? (formal; more honourific by ‘-스’)

[explanations]

* 그 : that

* 사람 : human being; person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : human being; person (honourific word)

* -이: a particle makes 그분 subject after a word ends in a consonant

* -은 has stronger meaning than -이 because -은 makes 그분 the topic of the sentence

* 너 / 당신 / 선생님 an so on

* -의 : a suffix makes 너 / 당신 / 선생님 posessive

* 너의 / 당신의 / 선생님의 and so on: this omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -의 : a suffix makes 전화 possesive; 전화의 is omitted

* 번호 : [番號] number

* 를 : a particle makes 전화번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 알다 : know

* 알고 : 알(the stem of 알다) + -고(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do

* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'

* -고 있다 : be in the state of ...ing

* 있을까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(s suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 있을까요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -을(s suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 있으신가요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있으신지요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄴ지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 있으실까요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(s suffix makes a verb future tense) + -까?(an interrogative verb 

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -는가? / -는지? / -을까?: a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -아? / -는가? / -는지? / -을까? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -으세요? / -으십니까? / -으실까요? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’

* 아니다 : be not

* 아뇨 : a short for of 아니요

* 아니요 : 아니(the stem of 아니다; 니 + -어 contracted into 니) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 모르다 : [ㄹ 불규칙] don't know

* 모른다 : present tense of 모르다 by '-ㄴ'

* 모르시다 : an honourific word of 모르다 by '-시-'

* 모를 : 모르(the stem of 모르다; 르 + -ㄹ contracted into 를) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* 모르실 : 모르시(the stem of 모르시다; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)

* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence

* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb

* 겁니다 : a short form of 것입니다

* 거 / 것 : this makes 쉴 / 쉬실 infinitive or genrund in English

* 이다 : be

* 것입니다 : 것 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 내 / 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 제 / 저 : I (honourific word)

* -가: a particle makes 내 / 나 / 제 / 저 subject after a word ends in a vowel

* 나중 : later

* -에 : a time suffix

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 다시 : again

* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call

- 영어로 말을 걸다 : talk to[address] in English

- ~에게 전화를 걸다 : give someone a ring

* 걸게요 : 걸(the stem of 걸다) + -게(one’s will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 걸겠습니다 : 걸(the stem of 걸다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

Let&#39;s learn about &quot;전화번호가 뭐예요?&quot;

전화번호가 뭐예요? : What’s your number?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화번호가 뭐니? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 뭐냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 뭐야? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 뭐지? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 뭔가? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 뭔지? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 뭔데? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 무엇이니? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 무엇이냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 무엇이야? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 무엇이지? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 무엇인가? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 무엇인지? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호가 무엇인데? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화번호가 뭐지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 뭐죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?")

- 전화번호가 뭔가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 뭔지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 뭔데요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 뭐예요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 뭡니까? (formal; honourfic by '-ㅂ')

- 전화번호가 뭐세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 전화번호가 뭐셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 전화번호가 뭐입니까? (more honourific by '시-')

- 전화번호가 무엇이지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 무엇이죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠? is a short form of -지요?")

- 전화번호가 무엇인가요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 무엇인지요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 무엇인데요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 무엇이에요? (honourific by '-요')

- 전화번호가 무엇입니까? (formal; honourfic by '-ㅂ')

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화번호가 무엇이세요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 전화번호가 무엇이셔요? (more honourific by '시-')

- 전화번호가 무엇이십니까? (more honourific by '시-')

[explanations]

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : number

* -가: a particle makes 전화번호 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what)

* 뭔 : a short form 무슨(what)

* 어떤 : [=무슨] what / what kind[sort] of / what ‥ like

- 어떤 학교입니까? = 무슨 학교입니까? :  What kind of school is it?

* 이다 : be 

* 뭐예요? : 뭐(what) + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + 여 contracted into 예) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇이에요? : 무엇(what) + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + 어 contracted into 에) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* -예요? should be used after a noun ends in a vowel like 뭐

- 이건 뭐예요? : What is this?

* -이에요? should be used after a noun ends in a consonant like 세일 기간

- 세일 중이에요? : Is it on sale?

* 뭡니까? : 뭐(what; 뭐 + ㅂ contracted into 뭡) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 무엇이세요? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; -이시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇이셔요? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 무엇입니까? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 무엇이십니까? : 무엇 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 이시 used after a before-letter ands in a consonant) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 뭐세요? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -어?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 뭐셔요? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -여?(an interrogative  verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 뭐입니까? : 뭐 + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific: 시 used after a before-letter ands in a vowel) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -(이)니? / -(이)냐? / -(이)야? / -인가? / -ㄴ가? / -인지? / -ㄴ지? / -(이)지? / -(이)ㄴ데: a questioning form of 이다

* a noun + -인가? / -ㄴ가? / -인지? / -ㄴ지? / -(이)지? / -(이)ㄴ데 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a noun + -예요? / -이에요? / -입니까? / -이세요? / -이셔요? / -이십니까? : an honourific questioning form of 이다 by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ' / '시-'

Let's learn about "전화번호를 남기시겠어요?"

전화번호를 남기시겠어요? : Would you like to leave your number?; Can I have your number?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 전화번호를 남기겠니? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호를 남기겠나? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호를 남기겠냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호를 남기겠어? (to younger people or friends)

- 전화번호를 남길래? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 전화번호를 남기겠어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 전화번호를 남길래요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 전화번호를 남기실래요? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 전화번호를 남기시겠어요? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 전화번호를 남기시겠습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 나 / 내 : I (non-honourific word to the younger people or friend)

* 저 / 제 : I (honourific word to the elder people or the elderly)

* -게/-한테 : to

* 내게 / 나한테 / 내한테 / 제게 / 저한테 / 제한테 is omitted

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* 번호 : number

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 남다 : [Pronunciation: 남따] (1) [=여분이 있다] remain (over); be left (over); [=너무 많다] be too many[much]; be in excess[surplus] (2) [=잔존하다] remain; linger

- 마음에 남다 : remain[stay] in one's mind

- 역사에 남다 : be written[recorded] in history

- 귀에 남다 : linger[ring] in one's ears

* 남았다 : past tense of 남다 by '-았-'

* 남기다 : (1) [=뒤에 남게 하다] leave (behind); keep back[in]; [=후세에 전하다] leave; hand down (2) [=하지[쓰지] 않고 두다] leave over[undone]; [=따로 떼어 두다·돈을 저축하다] save; spare; have in store; set aside

- 발자국을 남기다 : leave one's footprints

- 나쁜 인상을 남기다 : leave a bad impression behind[on]

- 일을 남기다 : leave one's work unfinished[half-done] / leave one's job over

* 남기시다 : an honourific word of 남기다 by '-시-'

* 남겼다 : past tense of 남기다 by '-였-'; 었 changed into 였 after 기 for easy pronunciation; 기 + 였 contracted into 겼

* 남기셨다 : past tense of 남기시다 by '-였-'; 었 changed into 였 after 시 for easy pronunciation; 시 + 였 contracted into 셨

* 남기겠니? : 남기(the stem of  남기다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -니?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 남기겠나? : 남기(the stem of  남기다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -나?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 남기겠냐? : 남기(the stem of  남기다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -냐?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 남기겠어? : 남기(the stem of  남기다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 남길래? : 남기(the stem of  남기다; 기 + -ㄹ contracted into 길) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix has the nuance of "Please ~")

* 남기겠어요? : 남기(the stem of  남기다) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's will) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 남길래요? : 남기(the stem of  남기다; 기 + -ㄹ contracted into 길) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?((an  interrogative verb ending suffix has the nuance of "Please ~") + 요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 남기실래요? : 남기(the stem of  남기다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래?(an interrogative verb ending suffix has the nuance of "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 남기시겠어요? : 남기(the stem of  남기다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -어(an interrogative verb ending suffix means "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 남기시겠습니까? : 남기(the stem of  남기다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -ㄹ래?? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -어? / -ㄹ래? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-스-' / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "성함 철자가 어떻게 되나요?"

성함(의) 철자가 어떻게 되나요? : How do you spell your name?

이름(의) 철자가 P-A-R-K 인가요? : Is your name spelled P-A-R-K?

ex)

A. 성함이 어떻게 되시죠? : May I have your name, please?

B. 존 스미스입니다. 매니저님께 제가 전화했다고 말씀드려 주시겠어요? : It’s John Smith. Could you tell your manager that I called?

A. 그러죠. 성함 철자가 S-M-I-T-H인가요? : Sure. Is your name spelled S-M-I-T-H?

[other expressions]

<반말(talking down to)>

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 돼? (to the younger or friends)

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되니? (to the younger or friends)

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되나? (to the younger or friends)

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되냐? (to the younger or friends)

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되지? (to the younger or friends)

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되는가? (to the younger or friends)

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되는지? (to the younger or friends)

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되는데? (to the younger or friends)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 니? (to younger people or friends)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 지? (to younger people or friends)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 야? (to younger people or friends)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 인가? (to younger people or friends)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 인지? (to younger people or friends)

<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 돼요. (honourific by '-요')

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되나요? ((honourific by '-요')

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되지요? ((honourific by '-요')

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되죠? ((honourific by '-요'; 죠 is a short form of -지요)

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되는가요? ((honourific by '-요')

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되는지요? ((honourific by '-요')

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 되는데요? ((honourific by '-요')

- 이름의 철자가 어떻게 됩니까? ((honourific by '-요')

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 예요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 죠? (honourific by ‘-요’; -죠 a short form of -지요?)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 인지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K 입니까?? (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>

- 성함의 철자가 어떻게 되세요? (more hinourific by ‘시’)

- 성함의 철자가 어떻게 되셔요? (more hinourific by ‘시’)

- 성함의 철자가 어떻게 되시나요? (more hinourific by ‘시’)

- 성함의 철자가 어떻게 되시는가요? (more hinourific by ‘시’)

- 성함의 철자가 어떻게 되시는지요? (more hinourific by ‘시’)

- 성함의 철자가 어떻게 되십니까? (formal; more hinourific by ‘십’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K이세요? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K이셔요? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K이신가요? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K이신지요? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

- 이름 철자가 P-A-R-K이십니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅅ’)

[explanations]

* 이름 : full name of a person (non-honourific word)

* 성함 : [姓銜] [=성명(姓名)] full name of a person (honourific word)

- 성함은 익히 들어 알고 있습니다 : I have often heard your name[of you]

* -의 : a suffix makes 이름 / 성함 possesive; this can be omitted

* 철자 : [Pronunciation: 철짜] [綴字] spelling; orthography

- 정확한 철자 : the exact spelling

- 철자가 잘못된 글자 : a misspelt word

- 철자의 잘못 : misspelling / cacography

- 철자를 잘못 쓰다 : misspell

- 철자를 생략하지 않고 정식으로 쓰다 : spell (out) in full

- "concerto"의 철자를 말해 보아라 : Spell the word "concerto."

- 이 단어의 철자를 알고 있는가? : Do you know how to spell this word? / Do you know the spelling of this word?

- 그 단어의 철자를 말해 주시오 : Please tell me how to spell the word

- 철자법 the system of spelling; how to spell

* 철자하다 : [Pronunciation: 철짜하다] spell

- "colonel"이라는 단어는 어떻게 철자하는가? ; How do you spell "colonel"?

- 그녀의 이름은 그렇게 철자하지 않는다 : That is not the way to spell her name

* -이 : a particle makes 이름 / 성함 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* -가 : a particle makes 이름의 철자 / 성함의 철자 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 어떻다 : [Pronunciation: 어떧타] be how

* 어떻게 : [Pronunciarion: 어떠케] (1) [=어찌] how; in what way[manner]; by what means (2) [=몹시] how (much); what; so; to what extent (3) [=어떻게든] anyway; anyhow (4) [=무엇] what

- 이 소란을 어떻게(든) 좀 해주시오 : Do something about this racket

* 되다 : (1) become (2) [In interrogative with -어도 / -여도] Could ~;  Can ~ (3) [as the form of 어떻게 되다] be; become; come to; amount to

* 되시다 : an honourific word of 되다 by '-시-'

* -이 되다 / -가 되다 : come to; amount to; become

- 이 돈을 모두 합치면 100만원이 된다 : The sum of this money amounts to one million won

* 어떻게 되다 : this declarative phrase is not used. instead of this the following interrogative phrase frequently used

* the interrogative of 어떻게 되다 often means "How about ~? or What about ~?"

* 어떻게 됩니까? : What's going to happen?

- 그런데 그 개는 어찌되었지요? : By the way, what's become of[happened to] the dog?

- 그 분과는 어떻게 되십니까? : What relation is he to you?

- 어떻게 되니? : What's going on?

- 회사 위치가 어떻게 됩니까? : Where is your company location?

- 다니게 되면 근무시간은 어떻게 됩니까? : What hours would I work?

* 되는데요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -는데/-은데/-ㄴ데(A sentence-final ending used to ask something while anticipating the listener's response; A sentence-final ending used to ask the listener while anticipating his/her answer; A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 돼? : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -어 contracted into 돼) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 됩니까? : 되(the stem of 되다; 되 + -ㅂ contracted into 됩) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* 되세요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 되셔요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -여 contracted 셔) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 되시나요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 되시는가요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -는가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 되시는지요? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -는지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 되십니까? : 되(the stem of 되다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는데? : a non-honourific interrogative  verb ending suffix

* a verb + -나? / -어? / -지? / -는지? / -ㄴ지? / -는가? / -ㄴ가? / -는데? +  -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific  interrogative  verb ending suffix by ‘시-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’ / ‘-요’

* P-A-R-K 니? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted when the previous noun pronunciation ends in vowel) + -니?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 냐? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted when the previous noun pronunciation ends in vowel) + -냐?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 지? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted when the previous noun pronunciation ends in vowel) + -지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 야? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted when the previous noun pronunciation ends in vowel) + -야?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 인가? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 인지? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ지?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 예요? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -여 contracted into 예) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix; 어 changed into 여 after 이 for easy pronunciation) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 지요? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; this omitted when the previous noun pronunciation ends in vowel) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 인가요? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 인지요? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 입니까? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 이세요? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 이셔요? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 세) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 이신가요? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + -ㄴ가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 이신지요? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + -ㄴ지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* P-A-R-K 이십니까? : P-A-R-K + 이(the stem of 이다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -냐? / -지? / -야? / -ㄴ가? : -ㄴ지? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb + -어? / -지? / ㄴ가? / -ㄴ지? : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -신가요? / -신지요? / -십니까? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-시-' / '-ㅂ'

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 나는 / 저는 : these are omitted

* 존 스미스 : John Smith

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㅂ contracted into 입) +  -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)

* 매니저 : a manager

* -님 : a word makes a person honourific

* -에게 / -한테 : to a person (non-honourific word)

* -께 : to a person (honourific word)

* 나 / 내 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 / 제 : I (honourific word)

* -가 : a particle makes 나 / 내 / 저 / 제 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call;  a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel

* 하다 : do

* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone

* 전화했다 : past tense of 전화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했

* 전화했다고 : 전화했(the stem of 전화했다) + -다고(A connective ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener: 말하는 사람의 생각이나 주장을 듣는 사람에게 강조하여 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미)

* 말 : a word (non-honourific word)

* 말씀 : a word (honourific word)

* 말하다 : say; speak; tell (non-honourific word)

* 말씀하다 : say; speak; tell (honourific word)

* 주다 : give (non-honourific word)

* 드리다 : give (honourific word)

* 말씀드리다 : more honourific word of 말씀하다 to the elder person than a speaker

* 말씀드려 : 말씀드리(the stem of 말씀드리다; 리 + -여 contracted into 려) + -어(a connective suffix between two verbs)

* 주다 : (1) give (2) have an effort to in the sentence

* 준다 : present form of 주다 by '-ㄴ'

* 드리다 : an honourific form of 주다

* -어 주다 / -아 주다 / -여 주다 / -어 드리다 / -아 드리다 / -여 드리다 : (2) allow; permit (2) do an effort; keep (on)

* 말씀드려 주다 : most honourific word of 말씀하다 to the elder person than a speaker

* 주시겠습니까 : 주(the stem of  주다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks rhe listener's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Please ~")

* 그렇다 = 그러하다 = 그러다 : be such

* 그러죠 : a short form of 그러지요

* 그러지요 : 그러(the stem of 그러다) + -지(A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about himself/herself or his/her thoughts in a friendly manner: 말하는 사람이 자신에 대한 이야기나 자신의 생각을 친근하게 말할 때 쓰는 종결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)