그는 지금 몹시 바빠요 : He’s extremely busy at the moment; He’s right in the middle of something; He’s all tied up right now; He’s not available at the moment.
* ~으로 꼼짝 못하다 : be tied up
* -의 도중에 / -중에 : in the middle of
ex)
A. 닉과 통화할 수 있나요? : Is Nick available?
B. 아뇨, 지금 몹시 바쁘신데요. 실례지만 누구시죠? : No, I’m sorry, he’s extremely busy at the moment. May I ask who’s calling?
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 지금 몹시 바빠.. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁜데. (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁜데요. (honourific by '-요')
- 그는 지금 몹시 바빠요. (honourific by '-요')
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁩니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘신데요. (more honourific by '시')
- 그는 지금 몹시 바쁘십니다. (more honourific by '시')
[explanations]
* 그 : (1) that (2) he
* -는 : a particle makes 그 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* 지금 : now
* 몹시 : [=아주] very; so
* 바쁜 : busy
* 바쁘다 : be busy
* ...하느라 바쁘다 : I'm busy ...ing
- 공부하느라 바빠 : I'm busy studying
- 요리하느라 바쁘다 : I'm busy cooking
* 공부 : studying; learning
* 공부하다 : study; learn
* 요리 : cooking
* 요리하다 : cook
* ...느라 : (1) because (of) (2) in the middle of ...ing
* 바빠요 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다; 으 erased before 아 and ㅃ + -아 contracted into 빠) + -아(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 바쁜데 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다; 쁘 + -ㄴ contracted into 쁜) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* 바쁩니다 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다; 쁘 + -ㅂ contracted into 쁩) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')
* 바쁘세요 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세)+ -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 바쁘셔요 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -여 contracted into 셔)+ -여(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 바쁘신데요 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신)+ -ㄴ데(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 바쁘십니다 : 바쁘(the stem of 바쁘다) + 시(a suffix makes a verb honourific; 시 + -ㅂ contracted into 십) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific declarative verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -ㄴ데 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -ㄴ데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'
* -으로/-로 : A postpositional particle that indicates the cause of or reason for something(어떤 일의 원인이나 이유를 나타내는 조사)
* 꼼짝 : budging; stirring; moving
* 꿈쩍 : stronger word of 꼼짝
* 못하다 : (1) [=잘하지 못하다] be bad[poor] (at), be weak (in) (2) [=수준이 떨어지다] inferior (to) (3) [=할 수 없다] can't
* 꼼짝 못하다 : (1) [=움직이지 못하다] cannot move at all / cannot move[budge / stir] an inch (2) [=곤경에 빠지다] be in a fix; be quite helpless; be at a loss; stick in the mud
* 도중에(서) : [途中에(서)] on the way / on one's way / on the road / en route / on route / in the middle of / in the midst of / in the course of / [=운송 중] in transit / [=중도에서{ halfway; midway
- 학교로 가는 도중에 : on one's way to school
- 집으로 가는 도중에 : on one's way[midway] home / en route home
- 식사 도중에 : in the middle[course] of a meal / midway through a meal
- 이야기 도중에 : in the middle[course] of a conversation/ midway through a conversation
* -중에 : in the middle of ...ing
* 닉 : Nick
* 과 : (1) and (2) with (this is used after a word ends in a consonant
* 와 : (1) and (2) with (this is used after a word ends in a vowel
* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call
* -를 : a particle makes 통화 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone
* 통화하시다 : an honourific form of 통화하다 by '-시-'
* 통화할 : 통화하(the stem of 통화하다; 할 + -ㄹ contracted into 할) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* 통화하실 : 통화하시(the stem of 통화하시다; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* 수 : [=방법•수단] a way: a method
* -이 : a particle makes 수 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted
* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'
* 있나요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -나?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 아니다 : be not
* 아뇨 : a short form of 아니요
* 아니요 : 아니(the stem of 아니다) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 실례 : [失禮] rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; impudence; disrespect; bad manners; [=결례] a breach of etiquette; [실수•과실] error
* 실례 : 實例] an example; an instance; an illustration
* 실례하다 / 실례를 하다 : have mercy; give an excuse
* 실례를 범하다 : be rude; be impolite
* 실례지만 : 실례하(the stem of 실례하다) + -지만(but)
* 누구 : who
* 이다 : be
* 이시다 : an honourific word of 이다 by '-시-'
* 누구시죠? : a short form of 누구시지요?
* 누구시지요? : a short form of 누구이시지요?
* 누구이시지요? : 누구 + -이시(the stem of 이시다) + -지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
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