1. 디저트 남길 거야? : Aren’t you going to do finish dessert?
[other expressions]
- 디저트 남길 거니? = 디저트를 남길 것이니? (to younger people or friends)
- 디저트 남길 거냐? = 디저트를 남길 것이냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 디저트 남길 건가? = 디저트를 남길 것인가? (to younger people or friends)
- 디저트 남길 거야? = 디저트를 남길 것이야? (to younger people or friends)
- 디저트 남길 건가요? = 디저트를 담길 것인가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 디저트 남길 거예요? = 디저트를 남길 것이에요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 디저트 남길 겁니까? = 디저트를 남길 것입니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 디저트 : dessert
* -를 : a particle makes 디저트 objective after a word ends in a consonant
* 남다 : [Pronunciation: 남따] (1) remain; be left over [behind]; [=머무르다] stay; [=살아남다] survive (2) [=이익을 남기다] make a profit; (be) profitable; lucrative
* 남기다 : (1) [음식•비상금] leave; leave behind; [유산•유언•이름] bequeath; hand down; [=따로 쓰지 않고 두다•따로 남겨두다] reserve; [=떼어놓다] save; [=아껴서 안 쓰다] spare; [돈•비상금] set aside (2) make [realize, secure, obtain] a profit; gain (3) [인상•감정] leave; linger
* 남길 : 남기(the stem of 남기다] + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)
* 거 / 것 : a thing
* 이다 : be
* -(으)ㄹ 거다 = -(으)ㄹ 것이다 : someone will ~; someone be going to do; See https://medium.com/@markyun/a-v-으-ㄹ-것이다-6891af4c1b96; See https://studykorean101.tumblr.com/post/180011163813/future-grammar-post/amp; See https://123learnkorean.wordpress.com/2009/08/25/ㄹ을-것이다-intentional-future/
* 건가? : 거 + -ㄴ가? = 것인가?
* 건지? : 거 + -ㄴ지? = 것인지?
* 겁니까? : 거 + -ㅂ니까? = 것입니까?
* a verb + -니? / -이니? / -냐? / -이냐? / -ㄴ가? / -인가? / -지? / -ㄴ지? / -인지? / -야? / -이야? / -ㄴ데? / -인데?: a non-honourific interrogative form of 이다
* a verb + -ㄴ가? / -인가? / -ㄴ데? / -인데? / -지? / -ㄴ지? / -인지? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -입니까? : an honourific interrgative form of 이다 by ‘-ㅂ’
2. 다 먹었어. 다이어트 중이거든 : I’m done. I’m on a diet.
[other expressions]
- (모두) 다 먹었다. (to younger people or friends)
- (모두) 다 먹었네. (to younger people or friends)
- (모두) 다 먹었어. (to younger people or friends)
- (모두) 다 먹었네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (모두) 다 먹었어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- (모두) 다 먹었습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 다이어트 중이다. (to younger people or friends)
- 다이어트 중이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 다이어트 중이야 (to younger people or friends)
- 다이어트 중이거든 (to younger people or friends)
- 다이어트 중이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 다이어트 중이거든요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 다이어트 중이예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 다이어트 중입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)
[explanations]
* 모두 :: all; every
* 다 : all
* 모두 다 : all; completely;l entirely
* 먹다 : eat
* 먹었다 : past tense of 먹다 by ‘-었-‘
* 먹었습니다 : 먹대(the stem of 먹었따) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -야 / -네 / -다 / -거든 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -거든 + -요 : honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’
* 다이어트 : diet
* 중 : …ing; in the middle of …ing
* 이다 : be
* … 중이다 = …ㄴ 중이다 = …는 중이다 = …은 중이다 = …고 있다 : be …ing; be in the middle of …ing
* -거든 : a sentence-final ending referring to the reason, cause or basis for the pprecding statement that the speaker thought of; 상대방에게 약간 핀잔을 주는 듯한 느낌을 표현함(this expresses that it’s like scolding the other person)
* a noun + -이다 / -이네 / -이야 / -거든 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -이네 / -거든 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -이에요 / -예요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’
3. 말도 안 돼! 지금도 삐쩍 말랐으면서! : No kidding! You’re so skinny already!
[other expressions]
- 말도 안 된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 말도 안 되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 말도 안 돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 말도 안 되네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 말도 안 돼요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 말도 안 됩니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)
- 지금도 삐쩍 말랐으면서! (to younger people or friends)
- 지금도 삐쩍 말랐는데! (to younger people or friends)
- 지금도 삐쩍 말랐으면서요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 지금도 삐쩍 말랐는데요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
[explanations]
* 말 : word
* -도 : (1) also; too (2) this case means that a postpositional particle used to emphasize emotion such as a surpprise, ecclamation, disappointment, etc
* 안 : this is equal to not in English
* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to in the sentence
* -도 안 되다 : It is really impossible for somone to do; it can’t ~
* 돼 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘ㅂ’)
* a verb + -어 / -네 / -다 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 / -네 + -요 : honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’
* 지금 : now
* -도 : (1) also; too (2) this case means that a postpositional particle used to emphasize an unusual case or unexprected case
* 마르다 : (1) dry; get dry; dry up; [=시들다] wither; be seasoned; be parched (2) [=날씬해지다] become [grow] thin [lean]; [수척해지다, 아주 야위다] grow gaunt; [살이 빠지다] lose flesh; [떨어지다, 빠지다, 서서히 줄어들다] fall away; pine away (3) [=목이 마르다] be thirsty; feel thirsty [dry] (4) [=매진되다] run out; [=기진맥진하다] become exhausted; [=다 써버리다] be used up (5) [=자르다] cut out; cut
* 삐쩍 마른 : skinny
- 삐쩍 : very; so much; this always with 마르다 word
- 마른 : 마르(the stem of 마르다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb present tense and
* 말랐다 : past tense of 마르다 by ‘-았-‘
* 말랐으면서 : 말랐(the stem of 말랐다) + -(으)면서(a connective ending used when more than two actions oir states happpen at the same time; a connective ending used to show that more than two actions or states arfe contradictory)
* 말랐는데 : 말랐(the stem of 말랐다) + -는데/-ㄴ데(informal addressee-lowering; a sentence-final ending used to admire ot talk something while anticipating the listener’s response; a sentence-final ending used to ask for a certain answer)
* a phrase + -요 : an honourific sentence-final ending suffix
4. 날씬하시군요 : You have a good figure. / You are in good shape / You’re so slim / You look fit / You look athletic
[other expressions]
- 날씬하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 날씬하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 날씬해. (to younger people or friends)
- 날씬하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 날씬하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 날씬하네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 날씬해요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 날씬하군요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 날씬합니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 날씬하시네요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 날씬하세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 날씬하시군요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 날씬하십니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
[explanations]
* 호리호리 : 몸이 가늘고 키가 커서 날씬한 모양(slim and tall)
* 호리호리하다 : be slim and tall
- 몸 : body
- 이 : a subject partgicle
- 가는 : (1) thin; slender; fine (2) small; faint; weak
- 가늘다 : (1) be thin; be slender; be fine (2) be small; be faint; be weak
- 가늘고 : 가늘(stem of 가늘다) + -고(and)
- 키 : height of a body
- 가 : a subject partgicle
- 큰 : big; large; bulky; great
- 크다 : be big; be large; be bulky; be great
* 날씬한 : slim; slender; lean; svelte
* 날씬하다 : be slim; be slender; be lean; be svelte
- 모양 : figure
* 호리호리하고 날씬한 : slim; slender
* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -어(a non-honourific descripptive verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -어 / -네 / -다 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 / -네 / -군! + -요 : honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -십니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘시’ / ‘-ㅂ’
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