2022-12-31

Question about 버릇 vs 습관

What is the difference between 버릇 and 습관

<My answer>

1. neanings

▷ 버릇 : (1) [=나쁜 습관] bad habit (2) [=예절] etiquette
▷ 습관 : good or bad habit; a general action that one action does repleadly

2. usages

▷ 버릇

ㆍ 말버릇 : one's peculiar way of speaking
ㆍ 아침 일찍 일어나는 버릇 : the habit of early rising
ㆍ 고질적인 버릇 : an inveterate[a deeply ingrained] habit
ㆍ 거짓말하는 버릇 : a tendency to tell lies
ㆍ 나쁜 버릇이 생기다 : fall into[get into / acquire] a bad habit
ㆍ 눈을 깜짝이는 버릇이 있다 : have a way of blinking
ㆍ 버릇이 고쳐지다 : be cured of a habit / get out of a habit
ㆍ 버릇이 되다 : grow into a habit with / (선례가 되다) become a precedent
ㆍ 버릇을 들이다 : form[cultivate] a habit / be[get] accustomed[used] to
ㆍ 버릇을 고치다 : (남의) cure of a habit / get out of a habit / (자기의) get rid[break oneself] of a habit / overcome a habit
ㆍ 일단 버릇이 들면 고치기 힘들다 : Once you get the habit, it will stay with you
ㆍ 그에게 돈을 빌려주면 버릇이 되니까 안 빌려주는 것이 좋다 : You'd better not lend him money or it may become a habit
ㆍ 나는 밤 늦게까지 자지 않는 것이 버릇이 되었다 : I have fallen into the habit of sitting up late at night
ㆍ 평소의 버릇으로 그는 넥타이를 만지작거리기 시작했다 : Out of habit, he began to fumble with his tie
ㆍ 세 살 적 버릇이 여든까지 간다 : <속담(proverb)> The child is the father of the man. / What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.
ㆍ 퇴근길에 한잔하는 것이 그의 버릇이다 : He is in the habit of stopping for a drink on the way home from the office
ㆍ 또 그의 투덜대는 버릇이 시작되었다 : He's started on his usual grumbling again
ㆍ 그는 가게 물건을 슬쩍하는 버릇이 있다 : (상습의) He is an inveterate shoplifter
ㆍ 그는 자기의 나쁜 버릇을 고친 것 같다 : He seems to have cured himself of his bad habit
ㆍ 그는 그 버릇에 아주 깊이 빠져들어 있다 : The habit is deeply rooted in him
ㆍ 그는 연필을 씹는 나쁜 버릇을 고쳤다 : He broke himself of the bad habit of chewing on his pencil
ㆍ 그는 남의 허물을 캐는 버릇이 있다 : He has a propensity for finding faults with others
ㆍ 버릇 들이기 : teaching manners / (home) discipline
ㆍ 버릇을 가르치다 : give lesson in manners[etiquette] / teach manners.
ㆍ 버릇이 나쁘다 : be ill-mannered[ill-behaved] / be of bad behavior
ㆍ 버릇이 없어지다 : lapse from good manners / grow impudent[insolent] / be spoilt
ㆍ 이 아이들은 버릇이 없다 : This children have no manners
ㆍ 그는 부모가 너무 귀여워해 줘서 ~이 없어졌다 He is spoiled by his fond parents
ㆍ 너무 친밀히 대해 주면 버릇이 없어진다  :<속담(proverb)> Familiarity breeds contempt

▷ 습관

ㆍ 습관의 : habitual / customary
ㆍ 습관이 된 음주 : habitual drinking
ㆍ 습관이 붙다 : get[fall] into the habit (of doing) / form[acquire] the habit (of doing)
ㆍ 습관을 버리다 : break (off)[shake off] a habit / give up[discard] a habit
ㆍ 나쁜 습관을 고치다 : (자신의) cure oneself of[get over] a bad habit / (타인의) cure[break] a person of a bad habit
ㆍ 그는 일찍 일어나는 습관이 있다 : He is in the habit of getting up early
ㆍ 아침 식사 전에 조깅을 하는 것이 그의 습관이다 : It is his practice to go jogging before breakfast
ㆍ 취침 전에 목욕을 하는 것이 그의 습관으로 되어 있었다 : As a rule[Usually] he took a bath before he went to bed
ㆍ 연장자에게 절을 하는 것이 이 나라의 습관이다 : It is the custom[customary] in this country to bow to one's seniors
ㆍ 그는 호주머니에 손을 집어넣고 걷는 습관이 있다 : He is in the habit of walking with his hands in his pockets
ㆍ 습관은 제2의 천성이다 : <속담(proverb)> Habit[Custom] is (a) second nature

▷ 습관성 : tendency; habituation
ㆍ 습관성이 있는 : habit-forming
ㆍ 습관성 의약품의 판매를 금지하다 : ban sales of habit-forming medicines
ㆍ 이 약은 습관성이 있다 : This medicine is habit-forming[addictive]

Let' learn about "슴슴하다"

* 슴슴한 맛 : bland taste

* 슴슴하다 : (1) be bland (taste) (2) be boring
(1) 심심하다(음식 맛이 조금 싱겁다)의 잘못된 표현 : The wrong expression of 'the taste of food is a little bland'
(2) [북한말] 심심하다 : the food is bland
(3) [북한말] 큰 재미가 없이 잔잔하고 무료하다 : It's not much fun, it's calm and boring

ex)
- 이 국은 너무 “슴슴하다” : This stew is too “bland”.

Ps.
슴슴하다 is not popularly used this time. People usually uses 심심하다.

ex)
- 이 국은 너무 “심심하다” : This stew is too “bland”.
- 국물이 심심하여 맹물 같다 : The soup is bland that it's like plain water
- 심심하던 차에 너를 만났다 : I met you just in the middle of my boredom

Let's learn about "그래 인정하마"

그래 인정하마 : All right. touché; Yes, I agree

ex)

A. 나 한국어 발음 좋지? 이번 달에 TOPIK 6등급 합격했거던... : My Korean pronunciation is good, right? I passed TOPIK level 6 this month

B. 그래 인정하마. 너 한국어 잘하고 발음 좋은 걸 : Yes, I admit that your Korean is good and your pronunciation is so good

[other expressions]
- 그래 인정한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그래 인정하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그래 인정해. (to younger people or friends)
- 그래 인정하지. (to younger people or friends)
- 그래 인정하마. (to younger people or friends)
- 그래요 인정하네요. (honourific by '요')
- 그래요 인정해요. (honourific by '요')
- 그래요 인정하지요. (honourific by '요')
- 그래요 인정하죠. (honourific by '요'; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 그래요 인정합니다. (formal; honourific by 'ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 그러하다 = 그렇다 : be such

* 그래 : yes; al right <-- 그렇다 + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 그래요 : 그래 + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 인정 : [認定] [=인식] recognition; acknowledgment; [=승인] approval; [=인가] sanction; authorization; [=허가] permission
* 인정하다 : (진실·유효성 등을) admit; acknowledge; (정당·정상을) accept; [=좋다고 평가하다] approve of; recognize; [=허가하다] allow; permit; [=인가하다] authorize; sanction

* 인정 : [人情] (1) [=동정심] sympathy; compassion; fellow feeling; [=연민] pity; [=자비심] mercy; charity; benevolence; [=친절] kindness (2) [=인간적 감정] human feelings; [=인간성] human nature; humanity
- 따뜻한 인정 : kindly feelings
- 세상의 메마른 인정 : the hardness of the world
- 인정사정없이 : with unrelenting sternness / without mercy[pity]
- 인정에 끌리다 : be moved with compassion / be touched with pity
- 그는 인정이라고는 없는 사람이다 : He has no heart[tender feelings]. / He is lost[dead] to pity
- 그는 인정이 많다 : He is warmhearted[kindhearted / tenderhearted]. / He has a feeling heart
- 그는 인정이 없다 : He is coldhearted[heartless / unfeeling]. / He has an unfeeling heart
- 상사는 부하에게 인정을 베풀어야 한다 : Those in high positions must be considerate of their subordinate
- 판사는 그 피고에게 인정을 베풀었다 : The judge showed sympathy[mercy] to the accused
- 이 고장 사람들은 인정이 없다 : People here are very cold
- 너는 참 인정머리가 없구나 : You are really ruthless[merciless]
- 그의 이야기는 인정의 핵심을 찌른 것이다 : His story shows his keen insight into human nature
- 그는 인정의 기미를 알고 있다 : He knows the subtleties of human nature
- 나는 인정상 차마 그런 일을 할 수가 없다 : I can't find it in my heart to do so. / How can I do such a thing as a man

* 인정한다 : present form of 인정하다 by '-ㄴ'

* 인정하지 : 인정하(the stem of 인정하다) + -지(A descriptive verb ending suffix with the nuance, "You know I'm good at this, right?")
* 인정하마 : 인정하(the stem of 인정하다) + -마(아주낮춤으로) 듣는 사람에게 어떤 내용을 약속함을 나타내는 종결 어 : formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to promise something to the listener)

* 인정해 : 인정하(the stem of 인정하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 인정합니다 : 인정하(the stem of 인정하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -지 / -마 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -지 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

2022-12-30

Let's learn about "왜 이렇게 어색하지?"

왜 이렇게 어색하지? : Why it's so awkard?

[other expressions]
- 왜 이렇게 어색하니? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이렇게 어색하나? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이렇게 어색하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이렇게 어색한가? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이렇게 어색한데? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이렇게 어색해? (to younger people or friends)
- 왜 이렇게 어색하나요? (honourific by '-요')
- 왜 이렇게 어색한가요? (honourific by '-요')
- 왜 이렇게 어색한데요? (honourific by '-요')
- 왜 이렇게 어색해요? (honourific by '-요')
- 왜 이렇게 어색합니까? (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 왜 : why

* 이렇게 : like this

* 어색한 : awkward
* 어색하게 : an adverb form of 어색한 by -게
* 어색하다 : a verb form of 어색한

* 어색해? : 어색하(the stem of 어색하다) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 어색한데? : 어색하(the stem of 어색하다) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 어색합니까? : 어색하(the stem of 어색하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ데? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -ㄴ가? / -ㄴ데? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "니 사랑이 필요해"

니 사랑이 필요해 : I need your love

ex)

A. 자긴 요즘 왜 그래? : Honey! What's wrong with you?

B. 당신 사랑이 필요해. 요즘 당신은 바쁘다고 맨날 집에 와서 잠만 자고 가쟎아 : I need your love. These days, you always come home and sleep because you're busy

[other expressions]
- 니 사랑이 필요해. (to younger people or friends)
- 오빠 사랑이 필요해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 오빠 사랑이 필요합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 네 = 니 = 당신 : you (non-honourific word to younger people or friends or wife)
* 오빠 : oppa (honourific word means "a man is older than a woman)
* -의 : a particle makes a noun or pronoun possesive

* 사랑 : love; concern
* -이 : a particle makes 사랑 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 필요 : need
* 필요하다 : need

* 필요해 : 필요하(the stem of 필요하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 필요합니다 : 필요하(the stem of 필요하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "내 맘을 보여주고 싶어"

내 맘을 보여주고 싶어 : I want to show you my heart

[other expressions]
- 내 맘을 보여주고 싶다. (to younger people or friends)
- 내 맘을 보여주고 싶네. (to younger people or friends)
- 내 맘을 보여주고 싶어. (to younger people or friends)
- 내 맘을 보여주고 싶군! (to younger people or friends)
- 내 맘을 보여주고 싶구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 제 맘을 보여주고 싶네요. (honourific by '요')
- 제 맘을 보여주고 싶군요! (honourific by '요')
- 제 맘을 보여주고 싶어요. (honourific by '요')
- 제 맘을 보여주고 싶습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -의 : a particle makes 나 / 저 possesive

* 내 : a short form of 나의(my)
* 제 : a short form of 저의(my)

* 맘 : a short form of 마음(heart; mind)
* -을 : a particle makes 맘 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 보다 : see; look; watch
* 보이다 : be seen; -이- makes a verb passive word
* 주다 : give
* 보여주다 : show someone something

* 보여주고 : 보여주(the stem of 보여주다) + -고(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do

* 싶습니다 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "항상 니 곁에 있어"

항상 니 곁에 있어 : I'm always by your side

ex)

A. 항상 니 곁에 있고 그리고 앞으로도 영원히 곁에 있을게 : I've always been by your side and I'll always be by your side forever

B. 자기야! 고마워. 나랑 사랑하고 같이 살아주어서... : Honey! Thank you for loving me and living with me

[other expressions]
- 항상 니 곁에 있다. (to younger people or friends)
- 항상 니 곁에 있어. (to younger people or friends)
- 항상 오빠 곁에 있어요. (honourific by '요')
- 항상 오빠 곁에 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 항상 : always

* 네 = 니 = 당신 : you (non-honourific word to younger people or friends or wife)
* 오빠 : oppa (honourific word means "a man is older than a woman)
* -의 : a particle makes a noun or pronoun possesive

* 곁 : one's side
* -에 : a place suffix means "by"

* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have (3) live

* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "네 사랑이 고마워"

네 사랑이 고마워 : I'm grateful for your love

ex)

A. 당신 사랑이 고마워 : I'm grateful for your love

B. 자기가 나한테 잘해주니까 나도 잘하는 건데 뭐... : You love me. so I love you too

[other expressions]
- 네 사랑이 고맙다. (to younger people or friends)
- 네 사랑이 고맙네. (to younger people or friends)
- 네 사랑이 고마워. (to younger people or friends)
- 오빠 사랑이 고맙네요.
- 오빠 사랑이 고마워요.
- 오빠 사랑이 고맙습니다. (formal)

[explanations]
* 네 = 니 = 당신 : you (non-honourific word to younger people or friends or wife)
* 오빠 : oppa (honourific word means "a man is older than a woman)
* -의 : a particle makes a noun or pronoun possesive

* 사랑 : love: concern
* -이 : a particle makes 사랑 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 고맙다 : be thank you
* 고마운 : thank
* 고마워 : 고맙다 + -워
* 고맙습니다 : 고맙다 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다
* a verb + -다 / -네 / -워 : a descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "나른하네"

나른하네 : I'm feeling drowsy

[other expressions]
- 나른하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나른하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나른해. (to younger people or friends)
- 나른하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 나른하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 나른하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 나른해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 나른하군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 나른합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 몸 : body
* -이 : a particle makes 몸 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 몸이 is omitted

* 나른하다 : feel drowsy

* 나른해 : 나른하(the stem of 나른하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 나른합니다 : 나른하(the stem of 나른하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "난 너만 생각해"

난 너만 생각해 : I only think of you more

ex)

A. 나는 너만 생각한다 : I only think of you more

B. 진짜! (너는) 내가 그렇게 좋아! : Really! You like me that much!

[other expressions]
- 난 너만 생각한다. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 너만 생각해. (to younger people or friends)
- 전 오빠만 생각해요. (more honourific by ‘전’ and ‘-요’)
- 전 오빠만 생각합니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘전’ and ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)
* 저 : I (honourific word to the elderly)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 너 : you (I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)
* 오빠 : oppa (honourific word to a man is older than a woman)
* -를 : a particle makes 너 / 오빠 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this was replaced by -만(only)

* 생각 : thought
* 생각하다 : think (of)

* 생각한다 : present tense or future tense of 생각하다
* 생각해 : 생각하(the stem of 생각하다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 생각합니다 : 생각하(the stem of 생각하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

Let learn about "간다"

간다 : I'm off

[other expressions]
- 간다. (to younger people or friends)
- 갑니다. (honourific by '-ㅂ')
- 갈게. (to younger people or friends)
- 갈게요. (honourific by '-요')

[explanation]
* 가다 : go
* 간다 : present form of 가다

* 갑니다 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 갈게 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will); this means "I'm leaving right now" or "I'm off"
* 갈게요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one's will) + -요(an honourific ending suffix); this means "I'm leaving right now" or "I'm off"

2022-12-29

Let's learn about "손이 너무 시려요"

손이 너무 시려요 : My hands are freezing

[other expressions]
- 손이 너무 시리다. (to younger people or friends)
- 손이 너무 시리네. (to younger people or friends)
- 손이 너무 시려. (to younger people or friends)
- 손이 너무 시리군! (to younger people or friends)
- 손이 너무 시리구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 손이 너무 시리네요. (honourific by '요')
- 손이 너무 시려요. (more honourific by '시')
- 손이 너무 시리군요! (more honourific by '시')
- 손이 너무 시립니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 손 : hand
* -이 : a particlr makes 손 the topic of the sentence after a word ends consonant

* 너무 = 진짜 = 정말 = 정말로 = 엄청 : too much; really

* 시린 : (1) [손•발] cold; freezing (2) [눈] dazzling
* 시리다 : (1) [손•발] be cold; be freezing (2) [눈] be dazzling

* 시려 : 시리(the stem of 시리다; 리+-여 contracted into 려) + -여(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 시립니다 : 시리(the stem of 시리다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -네: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "김치는 좋아요"

* 김치는 좋아요 : Kimchi is good (because it's healthy and prevents cancers and many diseases)

* 김치(를) 좋아해요 : I like Kimchi (because I love spicy and fresh food

[other expressions]
- 김치는 좋다. (to younger people or friends)
- 김치는 좋네. (to younger people or friends)
- 김치는 좋아. (to younger people or friends)
- 김치는 좋네요. (honourific by '요')
- 김치는 좋아요. (honourific by '요')
- 김치는 좋습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 김치 : Korean Traditional Vegetable Fermented Food 
* -는 : a particle makes 김치 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 좋은 : good
* 좋다 : be good

* 좋습니다 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

2022-12-28

Let's learn about "제발 떠나지 말아요"

제발 떠나지 말아요 : Please don't leave

ex)

A. 이게 당신이랑 보는 게 마지막이다. 잘 살아라 : This is the last time I see you. Live a good life well

B. 제발 떠나지 말아요. 자기가 가면 우리 아이들은 어떻게 해요. 아이들 생각해서라도 가지 말아요 : Please don't leave. What will our children do if you go? Don't leave for our kids

[other expressions]
- 제발 떠나지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 제발 떠나지 마라. (to younger people or friends)
- 제발 떠나지 말아. (to younger people or friends)
- 제발 떠나지 말래. (to younger people or friends)
- 제발 떠나지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 제발 떠나지 말래요. (honourific by '요')
- 제발 떠나지 말아요. (honourific by '요')
- 제발 떠나지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 제발 떠나지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 제발 떠나지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 제발 떠나지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')
- 제발 떠나지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 제발 떠나지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 제발 : please (earnestly; in earnest; seriously; sincerely)

* 떠나다 : leave

* 떠나지 : 떠나(the stem of 떠나다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)
* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

Let's learn about"최선을 다했어"

나는 최선을 다 했다 : I did my best

[other expressions]
- 최선을 다 했다. (to younger people or friends)
- 최선을 다 했네. (to younger people or friends)
- 최선을 다 했어. (to younger people or friends)
- 최선을 다 했네요. (honourific by '요')
- 최선을 다 했어요. (honourific by '요')
- 최선을 다 했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 최선 : [最善] the best
ㆍ 최선의 노력 : the utmost[best] efforts
ㆍ 최선을 다하다 : do one's best[utmost] / do all one can
ㆍ 최선을 다하겠습니다 : I will do[try] my best
ㆍ 그는 난민 구호에 최선의 노력을 기울이고 있다 : He is doing his best[exerting every effort] to help the refugees.

* 다 / 모두 다 ; all
* 하다 : do

* 다 하다 = 다하다 : (1) terminate; end; stop (2) exhaust; use up

* 했다 : past tense of 하다 by '-었-'

* 했습니다 : 했(the stem of 했다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

2022-12-27

Let's learn about "제발 화내지 마"

제발 화내지 마 : Please don't be mad; Please don't got angry

other expressions]
- 제발 화내지 마. (to younger people or friends)
- 제발 화내지 마라. (to younger people or friends)
- 제발 화내지 말아. (to younger people or friends)
- 제발 화내지 말래. (to younger people or friends)
- 제발 화내지 마요. (honourific by '요')
- 제발 화내지 말아요. (honourific by '요')
- 제발 화내지 말래요. (honourific by '요')
- 제발 화내지 마실래요. (more honourific by '시')
- 제발 화내지 마세요. (more honourific by '시')
- 제발 화내지 마셔요. (more honourific by '시')
- 제발 화내지 마십시오. (formal; more honourific by '시')
- 제발 화내지 마시겠어요. (more honourific by '시')
- 제발 화내지 마시겠습니까? (more honourific by '시')

[explanations]
* 제발 : please (earnestly; in earnest; seriously; sincerely)

* 화내다 : got angry

* 화내지 : 화내(the stem of 화내다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 마: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아; 마 and 아 contracted 마) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말아: 말(the stem of 말다) + -아(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 마라: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 아) + -아라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ")
* 말래요: 말(the stem of 말다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마실래요: 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)+ -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ ") + -요(an honourific  verb ending suffix)
* 마십시오 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’)
* 마시겠어요 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘요’)
* 마시겠습니까 : 말(the stem of 말다; ㄹ erased before 시)  + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks a listener’s will) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ "
* a verb + -아 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -실래요 / -십시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~ " or "please ~ " by ‘시’ / '-요'

Let's learn about "물 좀 드세요"

물 좀 드세요 : Have some water
맥주 좀 드세요 : Have some beer
과자 좀 드세요 : Have some snacks

[other expressions]
- 물 좀 먹어. (to younger people or friends)
- 물 좀 먹게. (to younger people or friends)
- 물 좀 먹어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 물 좀 들어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 물 좀 드세요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 물 좀 드셔요. (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 물 좀 드십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 물 : water

* 좀 : a little; some; this has the nuance of "please"

* 먹다 : eat
* 들다 : an honourific form of 먹다 to the elderly

* 먹게 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -게(the speaker’s wish)
* 드세요 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 드셔요 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 드십시오 : 들(the stem of 들다; ㄹ erased before ㅅ) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific propositive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -어 / -게 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix by '시' / '-요' / '-오'

Let's learn about "나 완전 심쿵했어"

나 완전 심쿵했어 : My heart skipped a beat; [내 가슴이 심하게 뛰었어] My heart beats high; [=심장이 쿵쾅쿵쾅 마구 뛰었어] My heart is pounding

ex)

A. 너 어제 BTS 진을 서울에서 직접 봤다면서... : I heard you saw BTS Jin in the flesh in Seoul yesterday

B. 응! 그 때 나 진짜 완전 심쿵했어. 너무 기쁜 나머지 갑자기 눈에서 눈물이 나더라 : Yes! My heart skipped a beat. I was so happy that my eyes started to tear up

[other expressions]
- 나 완전 심쿵했다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 완전 심쿵했네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 완전 심쿵했어. (to younger people or friends)
- 저 완전 심쿵했네요. (honourific by '요')
- 저 완전 심쿵했어요. (honourific by '요')
- 저 완전 심쿵했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 완전 = 완전히 : entirely; really; so much

* 심쿵 :heart attack; flutter; heart racing <-- 심(a short form of 심장: heart) + 쿵(a short form of 쿵쾅 or 쿵쾅쿵쾅: with a thud)
* 십쿵하다 : [=가슴이 두근거리다•(가슴이) 설레다] a verb form of 심쿵
- See : https://m.post.naver.com/viewer/postView.naver?memberNo=40144570&volumeNo=33305104
- See : https://m.blog.naver.com/georage/221671450693

* 쿵쾅 / 쿵쾅쿵쾅 / 꿍쾅 / 꿍쾅꿍쾅 / 콩콩 : [onomatopoetic word: 의성어] 크고 작게 요란히 울리는 소리(a loud sound; with a thud)

* 심쿵했다 : past tense of 심쿵하다 by '-었-'

* 심쿵했습니다 : 심쿵했(the stem of 심쿵했다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "너 나한테 거짓말했어"

너 나한테 거짓말했어 : You lied to me

[other expressions]
- 너 나한테 거짓말했다. (to younger people or friends)
- 너 나한테 거짓말했네. (to younger people or friends)
- 너 나한테 거짓말했어. (to younger people or friends)
- 언니 저한테 거짓말했네요. (honourific by '요')
- 언니 저한테 거짓말했어요. (honourific by '요')
- 언니 저한테 거짓말했습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* 언니 : a woman is older than another woman (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 언니 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -한테 = -에게 : to; this word maked a pronoun objective
* 나한테 = 나에게 = 저한테 = 저에게 : to me

* 거짓말 : [Pronunciation: 거진말] a lie
- 아이와 술취한 사람은 거짓말 하지 않는다 : Children and drunks don't lie

* 거짓말하다 : to lie

* 거짓말했다 : past tense of 거짓말하다 by '-었-'

* 거짓말했습니다 : 거짓말했(the stem of 거짓말했다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "난 곱슬머리야"

난 곱슬머리야 : I've curly hairs

[other expressions]
- 난 곱슬머리다. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 곱슬머리네. (to younger people or friends)
- 난 곱슬머리야. (to younger people or friends)
- 전 곱슬머리네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 곱슬머리예요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 전 곱슬머리입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after  a word ends in a consonant

* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 곱슬 / 곱슬곱슬 : [Ptonunciation: 곱쓸] 털이나 실 따위가 고불고불하게 말려 있는 모양(the condition of hair or thread being curled up)
* 머리 : (1) head (2) hair
* 곱슬머리 : curly hair
* 이다 : be; have

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -이다 / -이네 / -이야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a verb + -이네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -이에요 / -예요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "그게 중요해?"

그게 중요해?  = 그게 중요한 거니? : Is that important? / That's what counts?

ex)

1) 그게 중요해? 전혀 안 그래 : Does it matter? Not in the least
2) 그게 중요해? 난 모르겠어 : Is that important? I don't know
3) 그건 우리 가족이고 그게 중요해 : It's our family, and that's what counts
4) 그게 중요해요? 그래요, 그럴 수도 있겠죠 : Does it matter? Well, it might
5) 그게 중요해. 왜냐하면 거긴 엄청 로맨틱한 장소거든 : That's important, because it's such a romantic place
6) 몰라 그게 중요해? : Why is that important?
7) 맞아, 그게 중요해 : That's a good question
8) 그게 중요해 - 그래? : That's important. - Really?
9) 지금 그게 중요해? : Does it matter?
10) 그게 중요해요, 여러분 : That's the important thing
11) What does it matter? : 그게 뭐 중요해? / 그게 뭔 문제야?

[other expressions]
- 그게 중요하니? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요하나? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요해? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요한가? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요하나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그게 중요해요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그게 중요한가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그게 중요하세요? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 그게 중요하셔요? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 그게 중요하십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 그게 중요한 거니? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요한 거냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요한 거야? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요한 거예요? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 중요한 겁니까? (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* 그게 : a short form of 그것이
* 그것 : that (thing)
* -이 : a particle makes 그것 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 중요 : importance
* 중요한 : important
* 중요하다 : be important

* 중요해? : 중요하(the stem of 중요하다; 하+ -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 중요한가? : 중요하(the stem of 중요하다) + -ㄴ가?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 중요하세요? : 중요하(the stem of 중요하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 중요하셔요? : 중요하(the stem of 중요하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 중요하십니까? : 중요하(the stem of 중요하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 거 : a short form of 것(thing)
* 이다 : be

* 거니? : a short form of 것이니?
* 거냐? : a short form of 것이냐?
* 거야? : a short form of 것이야?
* 거예요? : a short form of 것이에요?
* 겁니까? : a short form of 것입니까?

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가 / -어? / -야? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -ㅂ니까? / -십니까? / -예요? / -이에요? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '시'

2022-12-26

Let's learn about "홀가분하네"

홀가분하네 : I'm lighthearted

ex)

A. 뭔 좋은 일 있어? 그렇게 웃음이 입가에 떠나지 않는 거 같은데... : Did something good happen? That's how you keep smiling

B. 우리 아들 대학 합격 했쟎아. 그래서 홀가분하게 남편이랑 유럽 여행 가기로 했거든 : My son got into college. So I decided to go on a trip to Europe a light-hearted mode with my husband

[other expressions]
- 홀가분하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 홀가분하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 홀가분해. (to younger people or friends)
- 홀가분하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 홀가분하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 홀가분하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 홀가분해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 홀가분하군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 홀가분합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 마음 : mind
* -이 : a particle makes 마음 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 마음이 is omitted

* 홀가분하다 : (마음이) be lighthearted; [=걱정이 없는] be carefree, free and easy: be unencumbered
- 아들을 장가보내고 나니 아주 홀가분하다 : I feel like a burden has been lifted from my shoulders now that I've sent off my son (in marriage)
- 시험이 끝나서 홀가분하다 : I feel so relieved that the tests are over
- 짐을 가지고 있지 않아서 홀가분하다 : I feel so free now that I don't have luggage
- 오늘 직장을 그만두게 되서 너무 홀가분했어 : It felt so good today to quit my job
- 나는 홀가분한 일이 필요하다 : I need a piece of cake
- 몸이 홀가분하다 : I'm unencumbered / I feel free and easy
- 홀가분한 마음으로 여행 떠나요 : I go on a light-hearted mode / I leave for a light-hearted mode

* 홀가분해 : 홀가분하(the stem of 홀가분하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 홀가분합니다 : 홀가분하(the stem of 홀가분하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "밥도 잘 먹지 못해"

밥도 잘 먹지 못해 = 밥도 잘 먹을 수 없어 : I can't even eat well

[other expressions]
- 밥도 잘 먹지 못하겠다. (to younger people or friends)
- 밥도 잘 먹지 못하겠네. (to younger people or friends)
- 밥도 잘 먹지 못하겠어. (to younger people or friends)
- 밥도 잘 먹지 못하겠네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 밥도 잘 먹지 못하겠어요. (honourific by '-요')
- 밥도 잘 먹지 못하겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 밥도 잘 먹을 수 없다. (to younger people or friends)
- 밥도 잘 먹을 수 없네. (to younger people or friends)
- 밥도 잘 먹을 수 없어. (to younger people or friends)
- 밥도 잘 먹을 수 없네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 밥도 잘 먹을 수 없어요. (honourific by '-요')
- 밥도 잘 먹을 수 없습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 밥 : meal
* -을 : a particle makes 밥 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* -도 : also; too; this is used instead of -을

* 잘 : well

* 먹다 : eat
* 먹지 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 못하다 : [=할 수 없다] cannot ; be unable ; be incapable ; [=…할 여유가 없다] cannot afford

* 못하겠다 : 못하(the stem of 못하다) + -겠(one's conjecture: one's will) + -다(a non-honourific descritive basic verb ending suffix)

* 못하겠습니다 : 못하겠(the stem of 못하겠다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* 먹을 : 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -을(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)

* 수 : way; method
* -가 : a particle makes 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel like "수"; this omitted

* 없다 : be not; does not exist; there is not

* -을 수(가) 없다 / -를 수(가) 없다 / -ㄹ 수(가) 없다 : can not; be incapable of

* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -는다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠어"

나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠어 : Maybe it's better to talk later

[other expressions]
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠어. (to younger people or friends)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠는데. (to younger people or friends)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠군! (to younger people or friends)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠네요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠어요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠군요! (honourific by ‘요’)
- 나중에 얘기하는 게 낫겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 우리 : We (non-honourific word)
* 저희 : We (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 우리 / 저희 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 나중 : later
* -에 : a time particle

* 얘기 : a short form of 이야기(story; talk)
* 얘기하다 = 이야기하다 : talk

* 얘기하는 : 얘기하(the stem of 얘기하다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and attributive before a noun)

* 게 : a short form of 것이
* 것 : a thing
* -이 : a particle makes 것 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 낫다 : (1) [...보다 좋다] be better (than); be superior to [over]; be preferable (to); surpass; excel; exceed; best; have the advantage of, gain [win] an advantage over (2) [=회복하다] get [become] well; recover from an illness; be restored to health; be cured of (a disease); heal (up); be healed

* 낫겠습니다 : 낫(the stem of 낫다) + -겠(one’s conjecture) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "먼저 갈게"

먼저 갈게 : I'll go first

[other expressions]
- 먼저 갈게. (to younger people or friends)
- 먼저 갈게요. (honourific by '-요')
- 먼저 가겠습니다. (formal; more homourific by '-스')

[explanations]
* 먼저 : (1) [=앞서서] first; ahead (2) [=우선] first of all; above all; before anything else (3) [=미리] earlier; before; in advance; beforehand (4) [=전에] (sometime) ago; previously; before; formerly
- 먼저 가다 : go first / go before others / go ahead / take precedence
- 먼저 먹다 : take[eat] first / eat before others
- 먼저 실례합니다[갑니다] : Excuse me, but I must be going. / Please excuse me for going on ahead of you[, but I'll go ahead]
- 내가 그보다 먼저 왔다 : I came earlier than he did. / I arrived before he did
- 그가 맨 먼저 일어섰다 : He was the first to stand up
- 먼저 가십시오 : Please go first. / Let me follow you
- 그것보다 이것을 먼저 해야 한다 : You must do this before that
- 우선 무엇보다 먼저 : first of all / before everything else / first / to begin with / at the outset
- 무엇보다 먼저 집을 사다 : buy a house first of all
- 먼저 우리 국민성에 대해서 말하겠다 : I shall begin with the national character of our people
- 먼저 빚을 갚아야겠다 : I have to pay my debts before anything else
- 먼저 부모님께 알려 드리세요 : First of all[Before anything else], you must let your parents know about it
- 먼저 지불하다 : pay in advance / advance / prepay
- 먼저 승인을 얻다 : obtain prior approval
- 내가 이 이야기를 먼저 했어야 하는데… : I should have explained[told you] this first. / I should have started off by telling you this, but ‥
- 그는 조금 먼저 퇴근했다 : He left the office a little before we did
- 먼저 말한 바와 같이 : as previously stated / as noted[said] above
- 먼저 말한 바로 미루어 : judging from the foregoing
- 먼저 상태로 돌아가다 : return to the previous condition
- 먼저 그렇게 말한 일이 있지 않은가 : Didn't you say that sometime ago? 

* 가다 : go

* 갈게요 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -게(one’s will) + -요
* 가겠습니다 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -겠(one’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -요 / -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요’ / ‘-스'’

Let's learn about "명심해"

명심해 : Keep in mind

ex)

A. 왜 현관문 또 안 닫고 들어왔어 : Why didn't you close the front door again?

B. 억. 또 안 닫았네. 닫을게 : Oh, I didn't close it again. I'll close it

A. 명심해 담에 또 안 닫으면 혼난다 : Remember, if you don't close it again, you'll get in trouble

[other expressions]
- 명심해. (to younger people or friends)
- 명심해라. (to younger people or friends)
- 명심해요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 명심하세요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 명심하셔요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 명심하시지요. (honourific by ‘요’)
- 명심하시죠. (honourific by ‘요’; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 명심하십시오. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 명심 : [銘心] keeping in mind
* 명심하다 : bear[keep] in mind; take to heart; have stamped[engraved] on one's mind; impress on one's mind
- 명심해야 할 일 : things that should be remembered[borne in mind]
- 이것을 명심하시오 : Bear[keep] this in mind
- 나는 선생님의 훈계를 명심했다 : I took my teacher's warning to heart
- 지각하면 안 된다는 점을 명심하라 : Keep[Bear] it in mind that you must not be late for work
- 하신 말씀을 명심하겠습니다 : I will bear your words in mind. / I will treasure up your words. 

* 명심해 : 명심하(the stem of 명심하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 명심해라 : 명심하(the stem of 명심하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")
* 명심하세요 : 명심하(the stem of 명심하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 명심하셔요 : 명심하(the stem of 명심하다) + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 명심하십시오 : 명심하(the stem of 명심하다)  + -시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "do ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"
* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~" by '-시' / '-오' / '-요'

Let's learn about "귀호강/눈호강"

난 지금 음악감상실에서 귀호강하고 있다 : I am having eye candy in the music room
난 오늘 저녁 BTS 콘서트에서 귀호강하고 왔다 : I had a great time at the BTS concert tonight; I had a great eye candy at the BTS concert tonight

See : https://ko.hinative.com/questions/6183500
         https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=wZSVSF6yP94
         https://raccoonenglish.tistory.com/2649

* 눈호강 : It is not a formal word. It is kind of new word which is made by teens. 
In this case, '호강' means 'to be well-treated (by something/someone)'. So if the sentence is translated literally, it would be 'my ears were truly well-treated (by something/someone)'. And it has a general meaning like 'I felt very happy when I hear something/someone'. 귀호강 is 귀(ears)+호강(this word is like...'living in luxury', 'living in comfort' or 'receiving nice treatment') this word is compound word and informal term. so.. for example, when you listen to beautiful music, you can say "귀호강하다"means 'your ears is being treated nicely'

* 귀호강하다 : a verb form of 귀호강

* 눈호강 : 눈(eye) + 호강(receiving nice treatment)
* 눈호강하다 : a verb form of 눈호강

* 안구정화 : 안구(eye ball) + 정화(purification)
* 안구정화하다 : a verb form of 안구정화

* 눈호강하다 / 눈이 즐겁다 / 귀호강하다 / 귀가 즐겁다 / 보거나 들으면 기본 좋아지는 것 : eye candy(방송에 관심을 끄는 것에 사용되는, 보기에 매력적인 사람과 소지품을 가리키는 말=A common slang term for visually appealing persons or effects used to draw mass attention is eye candy)
- 나는 안구정화로 영화를 봐야겠다 : I will see movies because of eye candy. 
- 너는 그를 보면 쉽게 안구정화될 수 있을거야 : You could easily call him eye candy
- 난 그냥 안구정화하러 왔다 / 난 그냥 귀호강하러 왔다 : I'm here for the eye candy

Let's learn about "그게 나한테 뭐가 좋은데?"

그게 나한테 뭐가 좋은데? : What's in it for me? ; What's good for me?

ex)

A. 이거 한번 해 봐 : Try this

B. 그게 나한테 뭐가 좋은데? : What's in it for me?

[other expressions]
- 그게 나한테 뭐가 좋니? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 나한테 뭐가 좋나? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 나한테 뭐가 좋냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 나한테 뭐가 좋아? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 나한테 뭐가 좋은가? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 나한테 뭐가 좋은데? (to younger people or friends)
- 그게 저한테 뭐가 좋나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그게 저한테 뭐가 좋아요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그게 저한테 뭐가 좋은가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그게 저한테 뭐가 좋은데요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그게 저한테 뭐가 좋습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘-시’)

[explanations]
* 그게 : a short form of 그것이
* 그것 : that (thing)
* -이 : a particle makes 그것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -한테 = -에게 : to

* 나한테 = 나에게 = 저한테 = 저에게 : to me

* 뭐가 : a short form of 무엇이
* 무엇 : what
* -이 : a particle makes 무엇 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 좋은 : good
* 좋다 : be good

* 좋습니까 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 좋으십니까? : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -은가? / -아? / -은데? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -나? / -은가? / -아? / -은데? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by ‘-스-‘ / ‘-요’

2022-12-24

Let's learn about "그 사람은 배경이 좋아요"

그 사람은 배경이 좋아요 = 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋아요: He has a good He has good connections; He has strings to pull

[other expressions]
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋아. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋군! (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋아요. (honourific by '-요')
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 그 사람은 배경이 좋습니다.. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋아. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋군! (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋아요. (honourific by '-요')
- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 그 사람은 백그라운드가 좋습니다.. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 그 : that
* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* 그 사람 / 그 분 : he or she
* -은 : a particle makes 그 사람 / 그 분 subjective after  a word ends in a consonant

* 배경 = 백그라운드 : background
* -이 : a particle makes 배경 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant
* -가 : a particle makes 백그라운드 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

See : http://www.igimpo.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=7570

- 백을 쓴다 : pull strings / use one’s connections
- 그는 승진하기 위해 백을 썼다 : He pulled some strings to get a promotion / He used his connections to get a promotion
- 나는 백이 없다’ : I have no connections / I have no strings to pull

ex)

A. 짐이 과장으로 승진한 것 아니? : Did you know that Jim got promoted to department chief?

B. 아니. 그게 사실이야? 그 친구 같은 얼간이가 어떻게 승진을 했을까? 백을 쓰기라도 한 모양이지 : No. Is that true? I wonder how a dimwit like him got a promotion. He must have pulled some strings or something

A. 바로 맞혔어. 그 친구 경영진에 
든든한 백을 가지고 있다구 : You guessed it. He has good connections in management

* 좋습니다 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스/' / '-ㅂ

Let' learn about "이따가 / 있다가"

* 이따가 = 나중에 = 조금 지난 뒤에 : later
* 있다가 : stay for a little while and then move

See : https://m.blog.naver.com/bruceltk/220416502149

1) 이따가 : [=나중에•조금 시간이 지난 뒤에] later

- 이따가 갈게 : I'll be there later
- 이따가 너네 집 앞으로 갈게 : I'll go to your house later
- 이따가 단둘이 있을 때 얘기하자 : Let's talk about it later when it's just the two of us
- 동치미는 이따가 입가심할 때나 먹고 밥부터 먼저 떠먹어야지 = 너는 밥부터 먼저 먹어라. 동치미는 이따가 밥을 다 먹고 난 후에 먹자 : You should eat first. Let's eat dongchimi after we finish eating

* 입가심 : [Pronunciation: 입까심]
(1) 먹은 음식이 쓰거나 느끼하거나 텁텁하거나 할 때) 무엇을 먹어서 입맛을 개운하게 함, 또는 그런 음식(a savo(u)ry; cleaning one's mouth; aftertaste)
- 나는 쓴 약을 먹고 입가심으로 사과를 먹었다 : I ate an apple to get rid of[take away] the bitter taste of the medicine
(2) 더 중요한 일에 앞서 가볍게 할 수 있는 일을 비유하여 이르는 말
- 이 정도 일은 입가심이다 : This kind of work is very easy

* 입가심하다: kill[take off] the aftertaste

2) 있다가 : stay for a little while and then move

* 있다가 : 있다(be; stay) + -다가(do another action after an action ends)
* -다가 : 어떤 동작이나 상태가 끝나고 다른 동작이나 상태로 옮겨지는 뜻(Meaning that one action or state ends and then moves to another)

- 여기에 있다가 갈게 = 여기에 좀 더 머무른 후에 갈게 : I'll stay here a little longer and then I'll be there 
- 며칠 더 있다가 가마 = 며칠 더 머무른 후에 갈게 : I'll be there after a few more days

Let's learn about "겨우살이"

우리 선조들은 가을이면 겨우살이 준비로 아주 바빴다 : Our ancestors were very busy preparing for the prepartion of passing the winter in autumn

[other expressions]
- 우리 선조들은 가을이면 겨우살이 준비로 아주 바빴다. (to younger people or friends)
- 우리 선조들은 가을이면 겨우살이 준비로 아주 바빴네. (to younger people or friends)
- 우리 선조들은 가을이면 겨우살이 준비로 아주 바빴어. (to younger people or friends)
- 저희 선조들은 가을이면 겨우살이 준비로 아주 바빴네요. (honourific by '요')
- 저희 선조들은 가을이면 겨우살이 준비로 아주 바빴어요. (honourific by '요')
- 저희 선조들은 가을이면 겨우살이 준비로 아주 바빴습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 우리 : we (non-honourific word)
* 저희 : we (honourific word)
* -의 : a particle makes 우리 / 저희 possesive; this omitted
* 우리의 = 저희의 : our

* 선조 : ancestor
* -들 : a suffix makes a singular noun plural
* 선조들 : ancestors

* 가을 : autumn
* 이다 : be
* -이면 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -면(if)

* 아주 = 매우 = 엄청 = 진짜(로) : really

* 겨우살이 : [=옷•의복] winter clothes[wear]; a winter suit; [=월동] passing the winter
- 겨우살이 준비 = 월동 준비 : preparations for the winter
- 나는 겨우살이 준비로 바쁘다 : I am busy preparing for winter

* 준비 : preparation
* 준비하다 : prepare
* 준비로 : 준비 + -로(in order to do)

* 바쁜 : busy
* 바쁘다 : be busy
* 바빴다 : past tense of 바쁘다 by '-았-'

* 바빴습니다 : 바빴(the stem of 바빴다) + -스(a suffix makes a verv more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "오늘 일정이 빡빡해요"

오늘 일정이 빡빡해요 : I have a tight schedule today

[other expressions]
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡해. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡하군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 오늘 일정이 빡빡합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 오늘 : today

* 일정 : schedule
* -이 : a particle makes 일정 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 빡빡(한) : a strong word of 박박(한); (1) tight (2) hard; with puffs
- 일정이 빡빡한 : on a tight schedule
- 빡빡한 일정 : a tight schedule
- 담배를 빡빡 빨다[피우다] : puff hard at one's pipe / puff away / puff a cigarette[cigar]
- 담배를 뻑뻑 빨다[피우다] : puff too hard at one's pipe / puff away / puff a cigarette[cigar] too hard

* 빡빡하다 : [Pronunciation: 빡빠카다](1) (일정·수업 등이) tight, intensive (2) (성격이) [=고집이 세다] be obstinate, [=고지식하다] be inflexible (3) (돈이) tight (4) 물기가 적어서 부드러운 맛이 없다(There is not much water, so there is no soft taste; be dry and not soft)
- 목요일은 수업이 너무 빠빡하다 : The class is too tight on Thursday
- 그 사람은 성격이 진짜 빡빡해 : He has an obstinate personality / He has an inflexible personality
- 이번 달은 돈 쓸 곳이 많아서 살림이 빡빡하네 : There are many things to spend money this month, so it's hard to spend money
- 반죽이 빡빡하다 : The doughy is dry and a little hard

* 뻑뻑하다 : [spronunciation: 뻑뻐카다] a strong word of 빡빡하다

* 빡빡해 : 빡빡하(the stem of 빡빡하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 빡빡합니다 : 빡빡하(the stem of 빡빡하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

2022-12-23

Let's learn about "커피 댕기는 사람?"

커피 댕기는 사람? = 커피 몹시 드시고 싶은 사람? : Who's in caffeine rush?; Who really wants coffee?

[other expressions]
- 커피 댕기는 사람? (to younger people or friends)
- 커피 댕기는 사람 있니? (to younger people or friends)
- 커피 댕기는 사람 있나? (to younger people or friends)
- 커피 댕기는 사람 있어? (to younger people or friends)
- 커피 댕기는 사람 있는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 커피 댕기는 사람 있는지? (to younger people or friends)
- 커피 댕기는 분? (honourific by '분')
- 커피 댕기는 분 있나요? (honourific by '-요')
- 커피 댕기는 분 있어요? (honourific by '-요')
- 커피 댕기는 분 있는가요? (honourific by '-요')
- 커피 댕기는 분 있는지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 커피 댕기는 분 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 커피 댕기는 분 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 커피 댕기는 분 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]
* 커피 : coffee
* -가 : a particle 커피 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 댕기다 : another form of 당기다
* 당기다 : (1) [=끌다] draw; pull; haul; tug; jerk (2) [팽팽하게 하다] stretch tight; strain; tighten (3) [=기일을 줄이다] advance; move[carry] up[forward]; make earlier (4) [입맛(appetite)] stimulate[whet / provoke / arouse / tempt / appeal to] ; be stimulated
- 턱을 당기다 : draw in one's chin
- 밧줄을 당기다 : pull (on) a rope
- 커튼을 당기다 : draw the curtains
- 방아쇠를 당기다 : pull the trigger / trigger
- 소매를 당기다 : pull[tug] by the sleeves
- 난로가로 의자를 당기다 : draw a chair up to the fire
- 나는 투망을 당겨 들였다 : I pulled[hauled] in the cast net(into the boat)
- 이윽고 줄이 당겨지는 것을 느꼈다(낚시에서) : A moment later I felt a tug on the line
- 마른 재목은 불이 빨리 당겨진다 : Dry wood is quick to catch fire[catches fire easily]
- 밧줄을 팽팽히 당기다 : tighten[strain] a rope / stretch a rope tight
- 너무 당기면 끊어진다 : If you strain it too hard, it will break
- 7시간째인 국어 시간을 3시간째로 당기다 : move up the Korean lesson from the seventh hour to the third
- 결혼 날짜를 사흘 당기다 : shift the wedding date three days ahead
- 입맛이 당기는 음식 an appetizing food
- 입맛이 당기다 = 입맛이 댕기다 : have a good appetite. 

* 댕기는 : 댕기(the stem of 댕기다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb attributive)

* 몹시 = 매우 = 진짜(로) = 엄청 = 정말(로) : too much; really

* 먹다 : eat (non-honourific word)
* 마시다 : drink (non-honourific word)
* 들다 : eat; drink (non-honourific word)
* 드시다 : an honourific form of 들다 / 먹다 / 마시다 by '-시-'

* -고 싶다 : want to do; would like

* 싶은 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -은(a suffix makes a verb attributive)

* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being (honourific word)
* -이 : a suffix 사람 / 분 subjective after a word ends a consonant; when this omitted, the sentence is more natural

* 있다 : be; exist; have

* 있으세요? : 있다 + 으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어 + 요?
* 있으셔요? : 있다 + 으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여 + 요?
* 있습니까? : 있다 + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + ㅂ니까?

* a verb + -니? / -나? / ?-냐? / -어? / -는가? : a questioning verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -어? / -는가? + -요 : an honourific ending suffix
a verb + -으세요? / -으셔요? / -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : a questioning verb ending suffix has an honourific by ‘-요” / ‘-ㅂ’

2022-12-22

Let's learn about "나 오늘 컨디션이 안 좋아"

오늘 컨디션이 안 좋아 = 오늘 컨디션이 좋지 않아 : I'm not feeling well today

[other expressions]
- 오늘 컨디션이 안 좋다. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 컨디션이 안 좋네. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 컨디션이 안 좋아. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 컨디션이 안 좋네요. (honourific by '요')
- 오늘 컨디션이 안 좋아요. (honourific by '요')
- 오늘 컨디션이 안 좋습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 오늘 컨디션이 좋지 않다. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 컨디션이 좋지 않네. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 컨디션이 좋지 않아. (to younger people or friends)
- 오늘 컨디션이 좋지 않네요. (honourific by '요')
- 오늘 컨디션이 좋지 않아요. (honourific by '요')
- 오늘 컨디션이 좋지 않습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted
* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted
 
* 오늘 : today

* 컨디션 : condition
- 몸의 컨디션 : one's physical condition
- 컨디션이 좋다 : be[feel] well / be in good condition / (운동 선수가) be in fine[good] shape
- 컨디션이 나쁘다 : be[feel] unwell / be out of condition[sorts / form] / be in bad shape
- 경기에 대비하여 몸의 컨디션을 조절하다 : get into[in] (good) shape for the match
- 컨디션을 유지하다 : keep in training[form / trim]
- 컨디션을 되찾다 : regain one's form
- 컨디션은 최상이다 : be in the best condition[form] / be in top form
- 오늘은 몸의 컨디션이 별로 좋지 않다 : I am not up to the mark today

* -이 : a particle make 컨디션 subjective after a word ends in a consonant

* 안 : this equal to "not" in English

* 좋은 : good
* 좋다 : be good

* 좋지 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 않다 : [Pronunciation: 안타] be not

* 좋습니다 : 좋(the stem of 좋다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 않습니다 : 않(the stem of 않다) + 스(a suffix makes a verb honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어: a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스/' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "정신 똑바로 차려"

정신 똑바로 차려 : Pull yourself togather; Get a hold of yourself

[other expressions]
- 정신 똑바로 차려. (to younger people or friends)
- 정신 똑바로 차려라. (to younger people or friends)
- 정신 똑바로 차릴래. (to younger people or friends)
- 정신 똑바로 차려요. (to younger people or friends)
- 정신 똑바로 차릴래요. (to younger people or friends)
- 정신 똑바로 차리세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 정신 똑바로 차리셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 정신 똑바로 차리실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 정신 똑바로 차리십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)
- 정신 똑 바로 차리시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)
- 정신 똑바로 차리시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]
* 정신 : [精神] (1) [=지성] mind; [=육체에 대한 마음] spirit; [=영혼] soul; [=의지] will; [=마음의 상태·기분] mentality (2) [=사물의 근본적인 의의·사상] the spirit
* -을 : a particle makes 정신 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 똑바로 : (1) [=곧게] straight; in a straight line; in a beeline; [=곧추] (bolt) upright; erect; [=수직으로] perpendicularly; vertically; [=직행으로] straight; direct (2) [=바른대로] honestly; frankly; straightforwardly; candidly; [=옳게] right(ly); [=틀리지 않게] correctly; exactly
- 똑바로 앞을 보다 : look straight ahead
- 똑바로 앉다 : sit upright[erect]
- 똑바로 서다 : stand upright[erect]
- 똑바로 걷다 : walk straight
- 똑바로 가다 : go[keep] straight on / make straight / follow one's nose
- 똑바로 놓다 : set upright
- 똑바로 집으로 가다 : go home straight[direct]
- 자세를 똑바로 하세요 : Hold yourself straight[erect]
- 나는 똑바로 역으로 갔다 : I went directly[straight] to the station
- 모퉁이를 돌지 말고 똑바로 가십시오 : Go straight without turning at that corner
- 똑바로 말하자면 : to tell the truth / to be frank[honest] with you / candidly[frankly] speaking
- 똑바로 대다 = 정직하게 고백하다 : frankly[candidly] confess / make an honest[a frank] confession
- 똑바로 처신하다 : go straight / act on the square / behave properly[correctly]
- 똑바로 발음하다 = 정확하게 발음하다 : pronounce correctly
- 똑바로 살아가다 = 똑바로 살다 : live straight / lead an honest life / pursue an honest career

* 차리다 : (1) [=음식 등을 장만하여 갖추다] serve with a meal (2) [=옷 등을 갖추어 꾸미다] dress (oneself) up; be dressed up (3) [=겉으로 드러내다] keep; maintain; save; preserve; observe; pay attention (4) [=알아차리다] understand; catch up (5) [=정신을 가다듬다] come to; collect ; concentrate on
- 음식을 차리다 : serve with a meal
- 밥상을 차리다 : spread[set] the table (for dinner) / lay covers
- 저녁상을 차리다 : get supper ready
- 잔치를 차리다 : give[spread] a feast[banquet] / give[hold] a party
- 살림을 차리다 : make a new home
- 점포를 차리다 : set up a store
- 떠날 채비를 차리다 : make oneself ready for the start
- 아침 식사는 내가 차리겠습니다 : I will set the table for breakfast[prepare breakfast]
- 차린 것이 아무것도 없습니다 : We have nothing special to offer you
- 차린 건 없지만 많이 드세요 : It's not much, but I hope you eat it well
- 인사를 차리다 : observe decorum / keep up the common civilities of life
- 체면을 차리다 : keep up appearances
ㆍ …을 눈치 차리다 : get the wind of

<idioms>
1) 정신(이) 나가다 : be upset; be flurried; lose presence of mind; [=바보스러워지다] become foolish; grow absent-minded
- 그건 정신나간 짓이다 : It's sheer madness

2) 정신(이) 들다 : come to oneself; come to (one's sense); recover[regain] consciousness[one's senses]
- 5분 후에 그는 정신이 들었다 : He came to his senses after five minutes
- 정신이 들고 보니 도랑 속에서 자고 있었다 : When I came to, I found myself lying in a ditch

3) 정신(을) 잃다 : faint (away); swoon; lose consciousness[one's senses]; be stunned
- 너무도 기뻐서[고통스러워] 정신을 잃다 : swoon for joy[with pain]
- 열이 높아 정신을 잃다 : be delirious with fever
- 환자는 고열로 정신을 잃어 헛소리를 내고 있다 : The patient is talking in the delirium of a high fever
- 그는 술을 마셔도 정신을 잃지 않는다 : Even when he drinks he doesn't lose control of himself

4) 정신(을) 차리다 : collect one's mind; pay attention
- 그는 마침내 정신을 차려서 일에 열중하게 되었다 : He came to his senses at last and began to throw himself into his work
- 그가 기절했을 때 정신 차리게 보드카를 먹였다 : When he fainted, I made him drink some vodka to bring him around[to revive him]

5) 정신(이) 팔리다 : be silly over ; be absorbed in; be intent on
- 그는 텔레비전을 보는데 정신이 팔려 있었다 : He was completely absorbed in watching television
- 오만가지 일에 정신이 팔려 있었다 : I have been caught up in all sorts of work
- 나는 다른 일에 정신이 팔려 있었다 : I was thinking about[preoccupied with] something else

* 차려 : 차리(the stem of  차리다; 리 + 여 contracted into 려) + -여(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO" or "Please  ~")
* 차려라 : 차리(the stem of  차리다; 리 + 여 contracted into 려) + -여라(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")
* 차릴래 : 차리(the stem of 차리다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")
* 차릴래요 : 차리(the stem of 차리다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(an imperative propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 차리세요 : 차리(the stem of  차리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(an imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 차리셔요 : 차리(the stem of  차리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(an imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 차리실래요 : 차리(the stem of 차리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(an imperative propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 차리십시오 : 차리(the stem of  차리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")
* 차리시겠어요 : 차리(the stem of  차리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks listener’s will) + -어요(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")
* 차리시겠습니까 : 차리(the stem of  차리다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks listener’s will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~")

* a verb + -어 / -어라 / -여 / -여라 / -을래 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~"
* a verb + -어 / -여 /  -을래 / -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)
* a verb + -세요 / -셔요 / -실래요 / -십시오 / -ㅂ시오 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an honourific imperative or propositive verb ending suffix means "DO ~" or "Please ~"

2022-12-21

Let's learn about "너무 보고 싶다"

너무 보고 싶어 : I miss you so much

[other expressions]
- 너무 보고 싶다. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 보고 싶네. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 보고 싶어. (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 보고 싶군! (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 보고 싶구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 너무 보고 싶네요. (honourific by '요')
- 너무 보고 싶군요! (honourific by '요')
- 너무 보고 싶어요. (honourific by '요')
- 너무 보고 싶습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]
* 너무 : too much; too many; [=진짜•진짜로•정말•정말로] really

* 보다 : see; look; watch

* 보고 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -고(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 싶다 : want; hope
* -고 싶다 : want to do
* 보고 싶다 : miss; want to see

* 싶습니다 : 싶(the stem of 싶다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "나 가야 돼"

나 가야 돼 : I've gotta go; I have to go

[other expressions]
- 나 가야  된다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 가야  되네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 가야  돼. (to younger people or friends)
- 저 가야  되네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저 가야  돼요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 저 가야  됩니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 가다 : go
* 가야 : 가(the stem of 가다) + -야(a connection suffix between two verbs; this used as the form of -야 하다 or -야 되다)

* 되다 : (1) become (2) can; be able to do (3) [-야 되다] have to; should; must

* 된다 : present form of 되다 by '-ㄴ'

* -야 하다 = -야 되다 : have to do; must do; should do

* 돼 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘ㅂ’)

* a verb + -어 / -네 / -다 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 / -네 + -요 : honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "그 사람 입이 무거운 사람이야"

그 사람 입이 무거운 사람이야 : He's tight-lipped; his lips are sealed; He's confidant; He does not have a big mouth

ex)

A. If I were you, I wouldn't tell him the secret : 내가 너라면, 그 비밀 Bruno 한테 말하지 않겠어.
 
B. How come?? I think he's tight-lipped : 어째서?? 난 걔가 입이 무겁다고 생각해.
 
A. Well... As my rule of thumb, he has a big mouth : 음... 내 경험상으론, 입이 가벼워

[other expressions]
- 그 사람 입이 무거운 사람이다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람 입이 무거운 사람이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 사람 입이 무거운 사람이야. (to younger people or friends)
- 그 분 입이 무거운 분이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그 분 입이 무거운 분이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그 분 입이 무거운 분입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* 그 : that
* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* 그 사람 / 그 분 : he or she
* -은 : a particle makes 그 사람 / 그 분 subjective after  a word ends in a consonant

* 입 : mouth
* -이 : a particle makes 입 the topic of the sentence after  a word ends in a consonant

* 무거운 : heavy; weighty
* 무겁다 : be heavy; be weighty

* 가벼운 : light; not heavy; not weighty
* 가볍다 : be light; be not heavy; be not weighty

* 입이 가볍다 = 말이 많다 : have a big mouth
- 걔한테 말했어. 너 정말 입이 가볍구나! : Did you tell it to her. you have a big mouth!
- 우리 누나는 입이 가벼워 : My elder sister have a big mouth
- 난 입이 가벼운 사람 좋아하지 않아 : I don't like people who have a big mouth
- 나 입이 가벼운 사람 아니야! 뭐든 말해봐 : I don't have a big mouth. you can tell me anything

* 입이 무겁다 : one's lips are sealed; be confidant; don't have a big mouth; be tight-lipped

ex)
A. 너한테 뭔 일 있었니? 무슨 일이야? : What's wrong with you? what happened to you?
B. 내가 이걸 말해도 될까? : Can I tell it to you?
A. 물론이지! 아무한테도 말 안 할게. 입 꼭 다물고 있을게 : Sure! I'm not going to tell anyone. My lips are sealed

* See : https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hvmd9YQGB2M

* 사람 : human being (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being (honourific word)

* 이다 : be

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -이다 / -이네 / -이야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a verb + -이네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -이에요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "나 너 사랑하나 봐"

나 너 사랑하나 봐 : I guess I love you
나 너 좋아하나 봐 : I guess I like you
나 너 미워하나 봐 : I guess I hate you

ex)

A. 뭘 그렇게 내 눈을 빤히 보는 거니? = 왜 그렇게 나 눈을 빤히 보는 거니? : Why are you staring at me like that?

B. 아무래도 나 너 좋아하나 봐 : (by any stretch of the thinking) I guess I love you

[other expressions]
- 나 너 사랑하나 보다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나 너 사랑하나 봐. (to younger people or friends)
- 저 오빠 사랑하나 봐요. (honourific by '-요')
- 저 오빠 사랑하나 봅니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 아무래도 : (1) [=아무리 생각해 보아도] by any stretch of the thinking (2) [=어떻게 되던 간에] no matter how it's done

* 아무리 상상해 보아도 : by any stretch of the imagination

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 나는 can be replaced by 내가
* 저는 can be replaced by 제가

* 내 : I (non-honourific word)
* 제 : I (honourific word)
* -가 : a particle makes 나 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; this can't be omitted

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* 오빠 : a man is older than a woman
* -를 : a particle makes 너 / 오빠 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 사랑하다 : love
* 좋아하다 : like
* 미워하다 : hate

* 사랑하나 보다 : 사랑하(the stem of 사랑하다) + -나 보다(guess)

* -나 : a short form of -거나(a aux suffix indicates the meaning of cojecture or guess)
- 글쎄, 서너 마리나 잡았을까? : I don't know. I've caught three or four fishes
- 어떤 일이 일어나거나 그의 얼굴에서 온화한 미소가 떠나는 일은 없었다 : No matter what happened, the gentle smile was still on his face

* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) guess

* 봐 : 보(the stem of 보다; 보 + -아 contracted into 봐) + -아(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 봅니다 : 보(the stem of 복다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ

2022-12-20

Let's learn about "불편해"

불편해 : I'm uncomfortabe

ex)

A. 왜 그래? : What's wrong?

B. 여기 불편해. 다른 데로 가자 : It's uncomfortable here. Let's go somewhere else

[other expressions]
- 불편하다. (to younger people or friends)
- 불편하네. (to younger people or friends)
- 불편해. (to younger people or friends)
- 불편하군! (to younger people or friends)
- 불편하구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 불편하네요. (honourific by '-요')
- 불편해요. (honourific by '-요')
- 불편하군요! (honourific by '-요')
- 불편합니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 불편 : (1) [=편리하지 못함] (an) inconvenience; inexpediency; incommodiousness; unhandiness (2) [=몸·마음 등이 편하지 못함] (an) indisposition; (a) discomfort; a disorder; a bad condition; an ailment; malaise
- 남에게 불편을 끼치다 : put a person to inconvenience / inconvenience a person
- 불편을 참다 : put up with inconveniences
- 이런 벽지에 사는 불편을 생각해 보십시오 : Think of the inconvenience of living in such an out-of-the-way place
- 식모가 집에 돌아가 버려서 손님들에게 많은 불편을 끼쳤다 : Our maid having gone home, we put our guest to a great deal of inconvenience[our guest had to suffer much
- 몸이 불편해서 그를 만날 수가 없다 : I do not feel equal to receiving him

* 불편한 : uncomfortable; inconvenient; incommodious; unhandy; unwieldy
- 쇼핑을 하기에 불편한 곳 : a place inconvenient for shopping
- 쓰기에 불편한 방 : an inconvenient room
- 여행 일정에 불편한 점은 없습니까 : Is the itinerary quite all right with you?
-집이 불편한 곳에 있다 : The house is inconveniently situated[located]

* 불편하다 : (1) be uncomfortable; be inconvenient; be incommodious; be unhandy; be unwieldy (2) [=불편스럽다] be not well; be[feel] unwell[ill]; be indisposed; be[feel] out of sorts[form / condition]
- 그 시간은 그에게 불편하다 : It is an inconvenient time for him
- 이 근처는 교통이 불편하다 : Public transportation in this area is poor
- 이 라디오 카세트는 가지고 다니기에 불편하다 : This radio-cassette tape recorder is not easy[handy] to carry around
- 이 부엌의 구조는 불편하다 : This kitchen is badly planned
- 여기 있으면 마음이 불편합니다 : I feel out of place here. / I feel rather awkward staying here

* 불편하게 : an adverb form of 불편한 by '-게"

* 불편해 : 불편하(the stem of 불편하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 불편합니다 : 불편하(the stem of 불편하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "얼어죽겠다"

얼어죽겠다 : I'm freezing to death

[other expressions]
- 얼어죽겠다. (to younger people or friends)
- 얼어죽겠네. (to younger people or friends)
- 얼어죽겠어. (to younger people or friends)
- 얼어죽겠군! (to younger people or friends)
- 얼어죽겠구나! (to younger people or friends)
- 얼어죽겠네요. (honourific by '요')
- 얼어죽겠군요. (honourific by '요')
- 얼어죽겠어요. (honourific by '요')
- 얼어죽겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '-스')

[explanations]
* 추운 : cold; algid; crimpy; shivery
* 춥다 : be cold; be algid; be crimpy; be shivery
* 춥게 : an adverb form of 안타까운

* 추워 : 춥(the stem of 춥다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* ㅂ 불규칙 : the ㅂ of 춥다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

* See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

* 추워서 : 추워 + -(어)서(because; because of); this omitted

* 얼다 : (1) [=결빙하다] freeze; be frozen; [응결하다] congeal (2) [=기가 죽다] be cowed[intimidated]; be scared stiff; feel timid[small]; [=긴장하여] get nervous
- 꽁꽁[온통] 얼어붙은 연못[강] : a pond[river] frozen hard[all over]
- 꽁꽁 얼다 : be frozen up
- 추워서 꽁꽁 얼다 : be benumbed with cold
- 추워서 손이 얼었다 : My hands were benumbed with cold
- 수도꼭지가 얼어붙었다 : The faucet froze
- 추위로 몸이 얼었다 I am almost frozen with cold
- 시험에서 얼다 : get nervous at an examination
- 나는 첫 무대에서 얼어 버렸다 : It was my first stage, and I was scared stiff[had a terrible attack of stage fright]

* 얼어죽다 be frozen[freeze] to death / be frozen dead <-- 얼다 + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 죽다(die)

* 얼어죽겠다 : 얼어죽(the stem of 얼어죽다) + -겠(ones's conjecture) + -다(a non-honourific basic verb ending suffix)

* -겠- : [어미:Ending of a Word] (1) 미래의 일이나 추측을 나타내는 어미.(An ending of a word referring to a future event or assumption) (2) 말하는 사람의 의지를 나타내는 어미(An ending of a word referring to the speaker's will) (3) 가능성이나 능력을 나타내는 어미(An ending of a word indicates possibility or ability)
- [추측] 그 사람 오늘 오겠지 = 그 사람 오늘 올 거야 : He'll be here today
- [의지] 제가 하겠습니다 : I'll do it
- [가능성] 그런 것은 삼척동자도 알겠다 : Everybody know that
- [능력] 이걸 어떻게 혼자 다 하겠니? = 이건 혼자 할 수 없어 : How can I do this all by myself

* 얼어죽겠습니다 : 얼어죽(the stem of 얼어죽다) + -겠(ones's conjecture) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

2022-12-18

Let's learn about "어떡하지?"

어떡하지? : What am I supposed to do?

[other expressions]
- 어떡하니? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떡하나? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떡하냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떡해? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떡하지? (to younger people or friends)
- 어떡하나요? (honourific by '-요')
- 어떡해요? (honourific by '-요')
- 어떡하지요? (honourific by '-요')
- 어떡하죠? (honourific by '-요'; -죠 is a short form of -지요)
- 어떡합니까? (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]
* 어떡하지? is used when you are confused and don't know what you should do

* 어떻게 and 어떡해 are essentially prounounced the same way, but both have two differrent meanings

1) 어떻게 means "how"
- 어떻게 알았어요? : How did you know?
- 어떻게 지냈어요? : How have you been?

2) 어떡해 is usually translated as "What should I do?". It is contraction form of 어떻게(how) + -해(the conjugated form of 하다(do) + -어(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 어떡해 : 어떻하(the stem of 어떻하다; ㅎ changed into ㄲ for easy pronunciation; 하 + 아 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)
* 어떡합니까? : 어떻하(the stem of 어떻하다; ㅎ changed into ㄲ + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "너 노란색 잘 어울린다"

너 노란색 잘 어울린다 : You look good in yellow

[other expressions]
- 너 노란색 잘 어울린다. (to yoonger people or friends)
- 너 노란색 잘 어울리네. (to yoonger people or friends)
- 너 노란색 잘 어울려. (to yoonger people or friends)
- 너 노란색 잘 어울리는군! (to yoonger people or friends)
- 너 노란색 잘 어울리는구나! (to yoonger people or friends)
- 엄마 노란색 잘 어울리네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 엄마 노란색 잘 어울려요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 엄마 노란색 잘 어울리는군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 엄마 노란색 잘 어울립니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* 너 : you (non-honourific word)
* 엄마 : mom (honourific word)
* -에게 : to; this omitted

* 노란색 : yellow
* -이 : a particle makes 노란색 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant

* 잘 : well

* 어울리다 : (1) [=교제하다] join; mix (with); associate (with); mingle (with); [=처신하다] keep company (with) (2) [=...하기에 알맞다] be becoming [suitable]; become; suit; match

* 어우르다 : [positive form of 어울리다; this is used as the forms of 어우르니•어울러] [르 불규칙] put together; unite; combine; connect; join together
* 어르다 : a short form of 어우르다
* 아우르다 : a weak form of 어우르다

* 어울린다 : present tense of 어울리다 by ‘-ㄴ’
* 어울려 : 어울리(the stem of 어울리다) + -여(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* 어울립니다 : 어울리(the stem of 어울리다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -ㄴ다 / -네 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -네 / -여 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’

2022-12-17

Let's learn about "그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았다"

그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았다 : He looks exactly like his father; He’s the spitting image of his father; He’s a carbon copy of his father; He’s got his father’s features; He’s a chip off the old block; He takes after his father; He’s so much like his father; Like father, like son.

ex)

A. 아빠를 더 닮았니, 엄마를 더 닮았니? : Do you look more like your mom or dad?

B. 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았어 : I’m a carbon copy of my dad.

[other expressions]
- 그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았다. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았네. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았군. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았구나. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았어. (to younger people or friends)
- 그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았군요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그는 아빠를 쏙 빼닮았습니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]
* spitting image :  빼닮은 것; 아빠랑 붕어빵
* carbon copy : 먹지를 대고 그대로 베끼는 것; 베낀 듯이 꼭 빼닮았다
* He’s a chip off the old block : 외모나 성격이 부모 중 한 명과 꼭 닮았다
* He takes after his father : 외모나 하는 행동이 닮았다
* Like father, like son : 그 아버지에 그 아들
* feature : 이목구비, 얼굴의 한 부분

* 쏙 : this word has the meanings as follows
(1) 안으로 깊이 들어가거나 밖으로 볼록하게 내미는 모양 (A word describing the state of being sunken deeply or the motion of pushing out something so that it protrudes)
- 쏙 들어간 자리 = 움푹 들어간 자리 : a hollow place
(2) easily; 쉽게 밀어 넣거나 뽑아내는 모양(A word describing the motion of pushing in or pulling out something easily)
- 잇빨 사이에 낀 가시가 쏙 빠져나왔다 : The thorn stuck between my teeth came out easily
(3) easily and rapidly; 머리에 쉽고 빠르게 기억됨(Easily and quickly remembered in one's head)
- 이거 재밌어서 머리에 쏙쏙 들어온다 : It's so fun that it's so catchy
(4) 바로 빠지거나 터지는 모양( word describing the motion of something falling out or bursting in an instant)
- 축구공의 바람이 쏙 빠졌다 : The soccer ball blew out quickly and easily
(5) 기운이나 살이 줄어드는 모양(In the manner of one's energy or weight being lost)
- 요즘 운동을 했더니 살이 쏙 빠졌다 : I've lost a lot of weight because I've been working out lately
(6) cleanly; clearly; 때가 깨끗이 없어지는 모양(In the manner of dirt being washed completely)
- 옷에 기름때가 쏙 빠졌다 : The grease has clearly faded from my clothes
(7) 함부로 말하며 나서는 모양(In the manner of intruding while talking carelessly)
- 아이가 어른들 이야기에 쏙 끼어들다 : The child interjected himself into the adult conversation
(8) satisfactorily; 어떤 것이 매우 마음에 드는 모양(In the state of liking something very much)
- 이거 쏙 내 맘에 든다 : I really like this
(9) [=정확하게] exactly; 겉모습이 매우 닮은 모양(In the state of closely resembling someone)
- 쏙 닮다 : look exactly like

* 닮다 : [Pronunciation: 담따] resemble; take after; look like

* 빼닮다 : [Pronunciation: 빼담따] 생김새나 성품 따위를 그대로 닮다(take after one's appearance, disposition and so on); resemble exactly; take exactly after; look exactly like <-- 빼다 + 어(a connection suffix between two verbs)  + 닮다

* 빼다 : (1) withdraw; take back (2) [=완전히•똑같이] [as the form of 빼닮다=빼어닮다] completely; exactly

* 빼닮았다 : past tense of 빼닮다 by '-았-'

* 빼닮았습니다 : 빼닮았(the stem of 빼닮았다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -네 /  -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix
* a verb + -군 / -구나 : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix
* a verb + -어 / -군 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-습-‘ / '-ㅂ'