Let's learn about "사랑이겠죠"

사랑이겠죠 : It must be love

ex)

A. 요즘 자꾸 그 남자가 (내) 꿈에 나타나 : He keeps appearing in my dreams these days

B. ㅎㅎ 아마도 그건 사랑이겠죠 : Maybe it must be love

* 사랑이겠죠 : a short form of 사랑이겠지요 <-- 사랑(love) + -이(the stem of 이다) + -겠(one's conjecture) + -지(confirmation) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* -겠죠 : must be ~

* -겠- : This particle can express intention to do something, or an assumption about something. Unlike other pieces of grammar we have learned, 겠 goes in the middle of verbs rather than at the end. V + 겠 1. The most common usage of 겠 […]

* -죠 : a short form of -지요 <-- 지(See below) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* -지 : this has the meaning as followings

 (1) [확인(confirmation)] A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and says something that the listener thought he/she already knew

- 그건 사랑이겠지 : it must be love

- 하늘을 보아야 별을 따지 = You can only get a star by looking at the sky --> [metaphorical] 결혼을 해야 아이를 낳지(I can have a baby only when I get married); 여자가 있어야 결혼을 하지(I can only get married if I have a woman)

- 보면 알겠지 : I can tell when I see it

(2) [확인질문(asking confirm)] A sentence-final ending used to ask something that the speaker already knows to cross-check the information

- 니가 했지? : You did it, right?

(3) [화자의 친근감 표시(Showing the speaker's friendliness)] A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about himself/herself or his/her thoughts in a friendly manner

- 겨울밤에 먹는 동치미 맛은 참 별미지 : The taste of dongchimi on winter nights is a delicacy

(4) [친근한 질문 표시(Show Friendly Questions)] A sentence-final ending used when the speaker asks the listener something in a friendly manner

- 언제 가지? = 우리 언제 갈까? : When are we going?

- 밖은 춥지?  = 밖은 춥지 않니? : It's cold outside, right?

(5) [권유(suggestion)] A sentence-final ending used to advise the listener to do something together

- 이제 일어나지 = 이제 일어나서 출발하자 : Let's stand up and go

- 자네도 같이 먹지 = 너도 같이 먹자 : You eat with me

(6) [아쉬움 표시(an expression of regret)] A sentence-final ending used to indicate the speaker's regret that something did not turn out the way he/she wanted

- 그거 내가 잘못해서 그랬지 = 내가 잘못해서 그렇게 해서 참 후회스럽다 : I regret that I did it wrong

Let's learn about "또 봐"

또 봐 : See you later

ex)

* 낼 봐 = 내일 봐 : See you tomorrow

* 모레 봐 : See you the day after tomorrow

* 담 주 봐 = 다음 주(에) 봐 = 차 주에 봐 : See you next week

* 다 담 주 봐 = 다 다음 주(에) 봐 = 차 차 주에 봐 : See you week after next

- 다 : a short form of 다음(next)

- 차 : [且] [=또] (1) also; too; (2) next; later

- 차 차 : next and next

* 담 달 봐 = 다음 달(에) 봐 : See you next month

* 다 담 달 봐 = 다 다음 달(에) 봐 : See you the month after next

- 다 : a short form of 다음(next)

* (꽃피는) 봄에 봐 : See you in the blooming spring

* 여름에 봐 : See you in the summer

* 여름 방학에 봐 = 여름 방학 때 봐 : See you during summer vacation

* (낙엽지는) 가을에 봐 : See you in the fall

* 겨울에 봐 : See you in winter

* 겨울 방학에 봐 = 겨울 방학 때 봐 : See you during winter vacation

- 때 : when

* 크리스마스에 봐 = 크리스마스 때 봐 : See you at Christmas

- 때 : when

* 연말에 봐 : See you at the end of the year

* 연초에 봐 : See you at the beginning of the year

* 새해에 봐 : See you in the new year

* 구정에 봐 = 구정 때 봐 : See you on Lunar New Year's Day

* 추석에 봐 = 추석 때 봐 : See you on Chuseok

* 생일에 봐 = 생일날(에) 봐 : See you on your birthday / See you on my birthday / See you on our parent's birthday

* 1월에 봐 = 일월에 봐 : See you in January

* 2월에 봐 = 이월에 봐 : See you in February

* 3월에 봐 = 삼월에 봐 : See you in March

* 4월에 봐 = 사월에 봐 : See you in April

* 5월에 봐 = 오월에 봐 : See you in May

* 6월에 봐 = 유월에 봐 : See you in June

* 7월에 봐 = 칠월에 봐 : See you in July

* 8월에 봐 = 팔월에 봐 : See you in August

* 9월에 봐 = 구월에 봐 : See you in September

* 10월에 봐 = 시월에 봐 : See you in October

* 11월에 봐 = 십일월에 봐 : See you in November

* 12월에 봐 = 십이월에 봐 : See you in December

[other expressions]

- 또 보자. (to younger people or friends)

- 또 봐. (to younger people or friends)

- 또 봐요. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 또 봅시다. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 또 보지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 또 보시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 또 보십시다. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 또 : (1) also; too (2) [=다음(에)] later in the sentence

* 보다 : see

* 보자 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -자(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 봐 : 보(the stem of  보가; 보 + -아 contracted into 해) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 봐요 : 보(the stem of  보다; 보 + -어 contracted into 해) + -아(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 보시지요 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 봅시다 : 보(the stem of  보다)  + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* 보십시다 : 보(the stem of  보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + + -ㅂ시다(a propositive honourific verb ending suffix means "Let's ~")

* a verb + -자 / -아 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~"

* a verb + -아 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -ㅂ시다 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -십시다 : an honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "Let's ~" by '-요' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "나도 그런 적 있어"

나도 그런 적 있어 = 나도 그런 일 있어 = 나도 그런 적 있었어 = 나도 그런 일 있었어 : I've done that before; I did that too

ex)

A. 아침에 지하철 타고 깜빡 졸아서 내려야 할 정거장을 두 개나 지나쳐서 오늘 지각했다 : I fell asleep on the subway this morning and passed two stops that I had to get off, so I was late today

B. 지난 달 일이 너무 바빠서 야근을 자주 하다보니, 나도 그런 적 있어 : I was so busy last month that I worked overtime often, so I did that too

[other expressions]

- 나도 그런 적 있다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나도 그런 적 있네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나도 그런 적 있어. (to younger people or friends)

- 저도 그런 적 있네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저도 그런 적 있어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저도 그런 적 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

- 나도 그런 일 있다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나도 그런 일 있네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나도 그런 일 있어. (to younger people or friends)

- 저도 그런 일 있네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저도 그런 일 있어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저도 그런 일 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -도 : also; too; this is used instead of -는(a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective)

* 그런 : [a short form of 그러한] such, like, that kind[sort] of <-- 그러하(the stem of 그러하다: be such) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb attributive and modifer)

* 적 : (1) [=원수] (the) enemy, (literary) foe (2) [=때] when; [=경험] experience

* 일 : (1) work; task (2) [=경험] experience

* -이 : [=보격 조사] a particle makes 일 a subjective complement(주격 보어)

* 있다 : be

* 있었다 : past tense of 있다

[Notice] In Korean, the present tense is often used instead of the past tense of the verb as followings :

* 그런 적 있다 : this is used instead of "그런 적 있었다"

* 그런 일 있다 : this is used instead of "그런 일 있었다"

* -이 없다 = -가 없다 : (1) there is no; there are no (2) I don't have: We don't have

* -이 있다 = -가 있다 : (1) there is; there are (2) I have: We have

* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + 네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by '스-' / ‘-요’

Let’s learn about "갈팡지팡하다“

갈팡질팡하다 : (1) [헤매다•이러지도 저러지도 못하다] fluctuate; caught between two stools; move about in confusion; fool[knock] about[<美> around]; hang[wander / linger] about (2) [당황하다] be flurried; be confused; be bewildered; be at a loss; be in a hurry-scurry


갈팡지팡하여 : confusedly / in confusion / in a flurry

* in a flap = In a panic or frenzy : 안절부절못하여; 갈팡질팡하여; 흥분하여

 

e.g. Mom, I'll help you with getting dinner ready for the party, OK? So don't get in a flap about it—everything will be fine

flap엔 "당황, 흥분"이란 뜻도 있어, in a flap은 "안절부절못하여, 갈팡질팡하여, 흥분하여"란 뜻입니다.

 

flappable은 "(위기에 처했을 때) 흥분(동요) 하기 쉬운, 안절부절못하는, 갈팡질팡하는", unflappable은 "움직이지 않는, 침착한"이란 뜻입니다.

 

1957년에서 1963년까지 영국 수상을 지낸 모리스 해럴드 맥밀런(Maurice Harold MacMillan, 1894~1986)은 능동적으로 대처해야 할 위기 상황에도 전혀 흔들리지 않는 차분함을 보여서 Mac the Unflappable이란 별명을 얻었는데, 이는 조롱에 가까운 것이었습니다.

For Example )

 

1. She gets in a flap over the slightest thing. 

1: 그녀는 아주 작은 것에도 동요한다. 

2. There is no need to be in a flap. 

2: 당황할 필요가 없다. 

3. They're getting in a flap about nothing. 

3: 그들은 점차 어떤 것에도 동요하지 않는다. 

be in[get into] a flap : 안절부절못하다, 당황하다. 

in a flap over :  …에 대해 동요하는

in a flap about : …에 대해 동요하는

a flap in the face : 뺨따귀를 때리기

restlessly : 안절부절못하여

in a dither : 당황하여, 안절부절못하여

(as) nervous as a cat[kitten] : 안절부절못하여, 벌벌[오들오들] (떨며) 

(all) of[in] a twitter : 흥분하여, 안절부절못하여

on nettles : 안절부절못하여, 불안하여

in a fidget : 안절부절못하여

in bad sorts : 안절부절못하여, 신경질이 나서

like a cat on a hot tin roof : 들떠서, 안절부절못하여

Let's learn about "어이없다"

어이없다 : That's riduculous

* 어이없다 : [Pronunciation: 어이업따] [=일이 너무 엄청나거나 뜻밖이어서 기가 막히다•어처구니없다] amazing; surprising; shocking; absurd; ridiculous; be amazed ; be appalled ; be dum(b)founded; be stunned ; be taken aback; be[stand] aghast ; be flabbergasted; be shocked[scandalized] ; be astounded ; be disgusted 

- 그 남자가 학자라니 어이없네 : It is quite astonishing that he should be called a scholar

- 그의 어리석음이 하도 어이없어 말이 안 나온다 : I'm too shocked by his stupidity to say a word

* 어이없었다 : past tense of 어이없다 by '-었-'

- 그가 거절하여 어이없었다 : I was dumbfounded[stunned] by his refusal. 

* 어이없이 : an adverb form of 어이없다

- 너무나 어이없이 무너지다 : (1) collapse in utter amazement (2) [=어이없이 지다] lose like a log 

* 어이없는 : an attributive or modifier form of 어이없다

- 어이없는 일을 당하다 : (1) be left speechless (2) suffer tremendous damage (2) have a sudden accident

- 어이없는 가격 : a ridiculous price / an extravagant[exorbitant / absurd / unreasonable / impossible] price / a staggering[dazzling] price

- 어이없는 거짓말 : a damned[whopping] lie / a whopper

* 어이없어 = 어이없어서 : 어이없(the stem of 어이없다) + -어/-어서(because; because of)

* 정말 어이가 없다 = 정말 기가 막히는구나! = 정말 어처구니가 없군! : I can't believe it; Unbelievable; That's amazing; Awesome

- 정말 어이가 없다 and 정말 어처구니가 없군! have a negative nuance

- 정말 기가 막히는구나! has a good or negative nuance

Let's learn about "넌 예뻐"

* 넌 예뻐 : This sentence has two meanings as followings. but 넌 잘 생겼어 only means "You look handsome"

(1) You look pretty; [=넌 아름다워] You are beautiful

(2) [=넌 하는 행동이 아주 내 마음에 들어] I love what you did / I love what you do

[Dialogue #1]

A. 나 오늘 어제 산 블라우스랑 치마 입고 왔는데 어때? : I'm wearing a blouse and skirt that I bought yesterday. What do you think?

B. 넌 그런 거 새로 안 사입어도 넌 항상 예뻐 : You're always pretty even if you don't buy and wear new clothes

[Dialogue #2]

A. 아빠! 나 오늘 시험 성적표 나왔는데, 거의 만점으로 받았어 : Dad! I got my test report card today, and I got almost a perfect score

B. 그래 우리 딸! 예뻐 죽겠네 = 그래 우리 딸 너가 아빠는 아주 자랑스러워 : Yes, my daughter! I'm so proud of you

[other expressions]

<general sentences>

- 예쁘군! (to younger people or friends)

- 예쁘구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 예쁘네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 예쁘군요! (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 예뻐요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 예쁘시네. (more polite to younger people or friends by ‘-시’)

- 예뻐셔. (more polite to younger people or friends by ‘-시’)

- 예쁩니다. (formal; honourific by ‘ㅂ’)

<more polite and honourific>

- 예쁘시네요. (more polite honourific by ‘-시’ /  ‘-요’)

- 예쁘시군요. (more polite honourific by ‘-시’ /  ‘-요’)

- 예뻐셔요. (more polite honourific by  ‘-시’ /  ‘-요’)

- 예쁘십니다. (formal; more polite honourific by  ‘-시’ /  ‘ㅂ’)

[explanations]

* 예쁜 : beautiful; pretty

* 예쁘다 : be beautiful; be pretty

* 예쁘시다 : an honorific form of 예쁘다

* 예뻐 : 예쁘(the stem of 예쁘다; 으 erased before 어) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 예쁘셔 : 예쁘시(the stem of 예쁘시다) + -여(a non-honorific verb ending suffix)

* 예쁘십니다 : 예쁘시(the stem of 예쁘시다) + -ㅂ니다(an honorific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -여 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honorific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -여 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -십니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '시-' /  ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "행복은 늘 네 편이다"

* 행복은 늘 네 편이다(writing) = 행복은 늘 니 편이다(speaking) : Happiness is always on your side / Happiness is always by your side

* 행복은 늘 네 곁에 있다(writing) = 행복은 늘 니 곁에 있다(speaking) : Happiness is always by your side

[other expressions]

- 행복은 늘 네 편이다. (to younger people or friends)

- 행복은 늘 네 편이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 행복은 늘 네 편이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 행복은 늘 오빠 편이네요. (honourific by '요')

- 행복은 늘 오빠 편이에요. (honourific by '요')

- 행복은 늘 오빠 편입니다. (formal; more honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 행복은 늘 네 곁에 있다. (to younger people or friends)

- 행복은 늘 네 곁에 있네. (to younger people or friends)

- 행복은 늘 네 곁에 있어. (to younger people or friends)

- 행복은 늘 오빠 곁에 있네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 행복은 늘 오빠 곁에 있어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 행복은 늘 오빠 곁에 있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

[explanations]

* 행복 : happiness

* 은 : a suffix makes 행복 subjective after a word ends a consonant like "복"

* 늘 = 언제나 = 항상 : always

* 네 : a short form of 너의(your)

* 니 / 너 : you (non-honourific word)

* 오빠 : a brother of a girl; a man is older than a woman (honourific word)

* -의 : a particle makes 니 / 너 / 오빠 possesive; this omitted

* 편[便] : (1) a side; a part; a direction; a way (2) a party; a side; a team

* 이다 : be

* a noun + -이다 / -이네 / -이야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다

* a noun + -이네 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a noun +  -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다  by '-ㅂ'

* 곁 : [=옆] side; next

* -에 : a place suffix means "at" or "on" or "to"

* 곁에 = 옆에 : on one's side; next to you

* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 잇따] (1) exist; be (2) have

* -이 없다 = -가 없다 : (1) there is no; there are no (2) I don't have: We don't have

* -이 있다 = -가 있다 : (1) there is; there are (2) I have: We have

* 있습니다 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + 네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by '스-' / ‘-요’

Let's learn about "잘못했어요"

잘못했어요 : (1) I did wrong (2) It was my a mistake

ex)

1. 잘못하다가는 우리 부산가는 KTX열차 놓친다. 빨리 서둘러 가자 <-- 잘못해서 늦게 도착하면 우리 부산가는 KTX열차 놓친다. 빨리 서둘러 가자 : If we do something wrong, we will miss the KTX train to Busan. Come on, let's go <-- If you arrive late by mistake, we will miss the KTX train to Busan. Come on, let's go

2. 자칫 잘못하면 큰 싸움(이) 나겠다 : We'll have a big fight if we make a mistake

[other expressions]

- 잘못했다. (to younger people or friends)

- 잘못했네. (to younger people or friends)

- 잘못했어. (to younger people or friends)

- 잘못했네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 잘못했어요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 잘못했습니다. (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

[explanations]

* 내 : I (non-honourific word to younger people or friends)

* 제 : I (honourific word to the elderly)

* -가 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the toic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel; when this omitted, the sentence is more natural

* 잘못하다 : [Pronunciation: 잘모타다] (1) [=오해하다•착각하다•그르치다•잘못 생각하다•일이 어그러지다] mistake (2) [=실수하다•올바르게 행동하지 못하고 어물어물하다] commit an error

* 잘못했다 : past tense of 잘못하다 by '-었-'

* 잘못했습니다 : 잘못했(the stem of 잘못했다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by ‘스’ / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "갠 머리가 좋은 앤데"

갠 머리가 좋은 앤데 : She's a smart girl / He's a smart boy

* 갠 : a short form of 개는

* 개 : a short form of 그아이(that boy; that girl; that child)

* -는 : a particle makes 개 subjective after a word ends in a vowel "개"

* 머리 : (1) [=목부분의 위] head (2) [=두뇌] head; brain; mind (2) [=머리카락] hair

* -가 : a particle makes 머리 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel

* 좋은 : (1) (상태·품질 등이) good, fine, nice; (다른 것보다) better (than), superior (to) (2) (성격·인품 등이) good, nice, good-natured (3) (건강·체격 등이) good, fine; (체격이) well-built

* 좋다 : a verb form of 좋은

- 이 제품이 좋으네 : (1) I like this product (2) this product is good

- 그는 성격이 좋다 : He has good personality

- 그는 몸이 좋다 : (1) he is healthy (2) he is in good shape

* 머리가 좋다 : be smart; be bright; be clever

* 현명하다 : be wise: be sensible, (formal) be sagacious 

* 현명한 : wise; sensible, (formal) sagacious

* 현명하게 : wisely

- 현명하게 처신하다 : act wisely[sensibly]

* 머리가 나쁘다 : be slow of understanding; be slow at learning

* 나쁜 : (1)  [=좋지 않다] bad, poor (2) [=옳지 않다] wrong, bad (3) [=해롭다] bad (for), harmful, (formal) injurious (to)

* 나쁘다 : a verb form of 나쁜

* 나쁘게 : an adverb form of 나쁜

- 늦게 자는 건 나쁘다 = 늦게 자는 건 좋지 않다 : It's not good to sleep late

- 그렇게 말하는 건 나쁘다 = 그렇게 말하는 건 옳지 않다 : It is not right to say so

- 술은 건강에 나쁘다 = 술은 건강에 해롭다 : Drinking is harmful to health / Drinking is injurious to health

* 앤데 : a short form of 아이인데

* 아이 : a boy; a girl; a child

* -인데 : 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific descriptive ending suffix)

* 이다 : be

* -ㄴ데 / -인데 : 자기 말에 남의 동의나 의견을 구하는 투로, 가벼운 느낌이나 아쉬움 등을 나타내는 종결형 서술격 조사(a non-honourific descriptive ending suffix that expresses a light feeling or regret, etc. in the manner of seeking consent or opinion from others)

- 야, 아주 기막힌 솜씬데 : Hey, that's an amazing piece of work

- See : https://www.korean.go.kr/front/onlineQna/onlineQnaView.do?mn_id=216&qna_seq=92373

- See : https://www.korean.go.kr/front/onlineQna/onlineQnaView.do?mn_id=216&qna_seq=147657

- See : https://bookeditorjade.tistory.com/241

Let's learn about "이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있다"

이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있다 : This restaurant has so delicious food

ex)

A. 우리 가자고 한 식당 아직 멀었니? = 우리 갈려고 했던 식당 아직 멀었니? : Are you still far from the restaurant we were going to go to?

B. 아니 바로 여기야. 이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있다. 어서 들어가자 : No, it's right here. The food in this restaurant is very delicious. Let's go in

[other expressions]

- 이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있다. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있네. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있어. (to younger people or friends)

- 이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있네요. (honourific by '요')

- 이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있어요. (honourific by '요')

- 이 식당 음식 엄청 맛있습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 이 : this

* 식당 = 음식점 : restaurant

* -은 : a particle makes 식당 subjective after a word ends in a consonant like "당"

* 음식 : food

* -이 : a particle makes 음식 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant like "식"

* 엄청 = 아주 = 진짜 = 진짜로 : too much; really

* 맛있는 : delicious

* 맛있게 : an adverb form of 맛있는

* 맛있다 : be  delicious

* 맛있습니다 : 맛있(the stem of 맛있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "알랑쇠"

알랑쇠 = 아첨하는 사람 : lickspittle; a flattering or servile [person]; a parson trying to [curry favor] with the boss <-- 알랑(flatter; curry favor) + 쇠(a person in contempt)

A. 너 또 점심 먹으러 나가니? : Are you going out for lunch again?

B. 부장님 모셔야지 : I have to treat my head of department

A. 너 진짜 알랑쇠네! = 너 진짜 아첨꾼이구나! = 너 진짜 아부꾼이구나! : What a bleeding lickspittle !!"

* 알랑거리다 = 알랑대다 = 알랑 : flatter; curry favor; lickspittle

* 아첨 : [=아부•아유] flattery; adulation; sycophancy; toadyism; a compliment; sugary[sweet] words

* 아첨을 하다 = 아첨하다 : a verb form of 아첨

* 아첨하는 : 아첨하(the stem of 아첨하다) + -는(a suffix make a verb attributive or modifier)

* 사람 : person (non-honourific word)

* 분 : person (honourific word)

* -꾼 : (1) a person notorious[noted] for; a man occupied with (2) person(s) who gathers at a thing or occasion

* -치 : a man occupied with

* -쇠 : person in contempt

* 아첨꾼 : lickspittler

* 씨름꾼 : a wrestler

* 노름꾼 : a gambler

* 장사꾼 = 장사치 : businessman seller, merchant, trader,; (상점에서 물건을 파는) (Am) storekeeper, (Brit) shopkeeper, (Brit) tradesman

- 그는 타고난 장사꾼이다 : He is a born merchant [businessman]

* 구경꾼 : onlooker;  bystander; looker-on

* 잔치꾼 : feast-goer

* 장꾼 : marketers; marketeers; market crowds

* 마당쇠 : (옛날에) 머슴이나 남자 종((archaic) A male servant working for a family)

* 구두쇠 : a miser; a niggard; a stingy[close fisted / tightfisted] fellow; a skinflint; a screw; a penny pincher; a tightwad

Let's learn about "이거 한 번 먹어 봐"

이거 한 번 먹어 봐 : Try (to eat) this

[other expressions]

- 이거 한 번 먹어 봐라. (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 봐. (to younger people or friends)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 볼래. (honourific by ‘요’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 봐요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 볼래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 보실래요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 보세요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 보셔요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 보시지요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 보시죠. (more honourific by ‘시’; -시죠 is a short form of -시지요)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 보십시오. (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 보시겠어요. (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 이거 한 번 먹어 보시겠습니까. (more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 이 : this

* 거 : a short from of 것(thing)

* 이거 : this (thing)

* -를 : a particle makes 이거 objective after a word ends in a vowel like "거"; this omitted

* -을 : a particle makes 이것 objective after a word ends in a vowel like "것"; this omitted

* 한 : one

* 번 : a unit counts a thing

* 한 번 : all at once; once; one time

* 먹다 : eat

* 보다 : (1) see; look; watch (2) meet (3) try (to do)

* 먹어 보다 : try to eat <-- 먹(the stem of 먹다) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + -보다(try)

* 봐 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 봐라 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -아라(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 볼래 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 보실래요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense) + -래(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 보세요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 보셔요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 보시지요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -지(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 보십시오 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ시오(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* 보시겠어요 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -어(a propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~") + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)

* 보시겠습니까 : 보(the stem of 보다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -겠(a suffix asks the listener's reply) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까(an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~")

* a verb + -아 / -아라 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"

* a verb + -ㄹ래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -실래요 / -세요 / -셔요 / -십시오 / -시지요 / -시죠 / -시겠어요 / -시겠습니까 : an  honourific propositive verb ending suffix means "please ~"

Let's learn about "이해 안 돼"

이해 안 돼 = 이해 못하겠어 = 이해할 수 없어 : I don't get it

[other expressions]

- 이해 안  된다. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 안  되네. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 안  돼. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 안  되네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 이해 안  돼요. (honourific by '-요')

- 이해 안  됩니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

- 이해 못하겠다. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 못하겠네. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 못하겠어. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 못하겠네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 이해 못하겠어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 이해 못하겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 이해 할 수 없다. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 할 수 없네. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 할 수 없어. (to younger people or friends)

- 이해 할 수 없네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 이해 할 수 없어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 이해 할 수 없습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 이해 : understanding

* 이해하다 = 이해를 하다 : understand

* -가 : a particle makes 이해 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel like "해"; this omitted

* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English

* 되다 : (1) become (2) can in the sentence

* -안 되다 : can not

* 된다 : present form of 되다 by '-ㄴ-'

* 돼 : 되(the stem of 되다; 이 + -어 contracted into 애) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 됩니다 : 되(the stem of 되다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* 이해 : understanding

* 이해하다 = 이해를 하다 : understand

* -를 : a particle makes 이해 objective after a word ends in a vowel like "해"; this omitted

* 못하다 : [=할 수 없다] cannot ; be unable ; be incapable ; [=…할 여유가 없다] cannot afford

* 못하겠다 : 못하(the stem of 못하다) + -겠(one's conjecture: one's will) + -다(a non-honourific descritive basic verb ending suffix)

* 못하겠습니다 : 못하겠(the stem of 못하겠다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* 이해 : understanding

* 이해하다 = 이해를 하다 : understand

* 이해할 : 이해하(the stem of 이해하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)

* 수 : way; method

* -가 : a particle makes 수 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel like "수"; this omitted

* 없다 : be not; does not exist; there is not

* -을 수(가) 없다 / -를 수(가) 없다 / -ㄹ 수(가) 없다 : can not; be incapable of

* 없습니다 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ')

* a verb + -는다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / '-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "조금이라도 알았으면 좋았을텐데"

조금이라도 (미리) 알았으면 좋았을 텐데 : I wish I knew a little bit

ex)

A. 지난 주에 나 KGS 지원했다 : I applied for KGS last week

- KGS : Global Korea Scholarship Program (https://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/gks/allnew_invite.do)

B. 정말이니? 나도 미리 알았다면 좋았을텐데 아쉽네요 : Reaaly? I wish I had known beforehand. That's too bad

[explanations]

* 조금(이라도) : a bit

* -(이)라도 : a short form of -(이)라고 하여도

* -(이)라고 하여도 : (1) a descriptive suffix that acknowledges or assumes a fact, but indicates that the backword is not tied to it and is followed by a fact that is more or less true (2) An auxiliary suffix, especially one that does not distinguish it among several

- 밤이라도 달이 밝아서 대낮 같다 = 밤이지만 달이 밝아서 대낮 같다 : Even at night, the moon is so bright that it's like daylight

- 생선이라도 한 마리 사 들고 찾아가야지 = 생선이라도 한 마리 사 들고 찾아가야겠어 : I'm going to get you a fish

- 나물이라도 좋으니 내놓아라 : Give me some vegetables / Please serve with vegetables

* 미리 : beforehand, in advance, ahead of time

- 미리 계획을 세우다 : plan ahead

* 알다 : know

* 알았다 : past tense of 알다 by '-았-'

* 알았다면 = 알았으면 : If I knew <-- 알았(다) + -으면/면(if)

* 좋은 : good

* 좋다 : be good

* 좋았다 : past tense of 좋다 by '-았-'

* 좋았을 텐데 : 좋았(the stem of 좋았다) + -을 + -텐데

* -을/를/ㄹ 텐데 : a short form of -을/를/ㄹ 터인데

* -을/를/ㄹ 터인데 : -을/를/ㄹ(a suffix means future tense and attributive) + 터(one's conjecture) + -이(the stem of 이다) + -ㄴ데(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 터 : 어미 '-을' 뒤에 쓰여 '예정'이나 '추측', '의지'의 뜻을 나타내는 의존 명사(an dependent noun means "conjecture", "will" when 터 is used after '-을')

* 이다 : be

* -ㄴ데 / -인데 : 자기 말에 남의 동의나 의견을 구하는 투로, 가벼운 느낌이나 아쉬움 등을 나타내는 종결형 서술격 조사(a non-honourific descriptive ending suffix that expresses a light feeling or regret, etc. in the manner of seeking consent or opinion from others)

- 야, 아주 기막힌 솜씬데 : Hey, that's an amazing piece of work

- See : https://www.korean.go.kr/front/onlineQna/onlineQnaView.do?mn_id=216&qna_seq=92373

- See : https://www.korean.go.kr/front/onlineQna/onlineQnaView.do?mn_id=216&qna_seq=147657

- See : https://bookeditorjade.tistory.com/241

* 아쉬운 : (1) [=서운한•유감인] regretful; sorry; sad : (2) [=필요한•부족한] want for; wanting

* 아쉽다 = 아쉬워하다 : [ㅂ 불규칙] (1) [=서운하다•유감이다] be sorry; be sad; be regretful (2) [=필요한 것이 없다•부족하다] be want for; be wanting

- 우리는 이별을 아쉬워했다 : We were sorry to have to say goodbye

- 일손 하나가 아쉬운 판이다 : Every bit of help counts

* 아쉬워 : 아쉽(the stem of 아쉽다; ㅂ changed into 우) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* ㅂ 불규칙 : the second ㅂ of 아쉽다 is not 'B' sound but 'V' sound and V consists of ㅂ + 옛이응  ‘ㆁ’. these days  V sound changed into '우' for easy pronunciation

* See : https://m.blog.naver.com/nurisejong/221050681781

* See the following sites about "-었다면 (좋았을텐데) / -았다면 (좋았을텐데) / -었더라면 (좋았을텐데) / -았더라면 (좋았을텐데)"

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYUBC1tFNl0

- https://www.korean.go.kr/front/onlineQna/onlineQnaView.do?mn_id=216&qna_seq=83671

- https://www.korean.go.kr/front/onlineQna/onlineQnaView.do?mn_id=216&qna_seq=75672

* -았을텐데/-었을텐데 : If I had known something in advance in the past, I would have done it without regret, but I use it when I regret not doing so

Let's learn about "너 자취하니?"

너 자취하니? : Do you live alone?

[other expressions]

- 너 자취하니? (to younger people or friends)

- 너 자취하나? (to younger people or friends)

- 너 자취하냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 너 자취해? (to younger people or friends)

- 선배! 자취하나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 선배! 자취해요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 선배! 자취합니까? (honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 선배! 자취하세요? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 선배! 자취하셔요? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 선배! 자취하십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

- 너 자취하고 있니? (to younger people or friends)

- 너 자취하고 있나? (to younger people or friends)

- 너 자취하고 있냐? (to younger people or friends)

- 너 자취하고 있어? (to younger people or friends)

- 선배! 자취하고 있나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 선배! 자취하고 있어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 선배! 자취하고 있습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)

- 선배! 자취하고 있으세요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 선배! 자취하고 있으셔요? (more honourific by ‘시’)

- 선배! 자취하고 있으십니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘시’)

[explanations]

* 너 : you (non-honourific word)

* 선배 : [先輩] a senior; a superior; an elder; a predecessor; -님 is often attached for polite

* -는 : a particle makes 너 / 선배 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 자취(하다) : cook for oneself; board oneself

* 자취해? : 자취하(the stem of 자취하다; 하+ -어 contracted into 해) + -어?(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 자취합니까? : 자취하(the stem of 자취하다) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 자취하세요? : 자취하(the stem of 자취하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 자취하셔요? : 자취하(the stem of 자취하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 자취하십니까? : 자취하(the stem of 자취하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -ㄴ가? / -는가 / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -ㄴ가? / -는가? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -세요? / -셔요? / -ㅂ니까? / -십니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '시'

* 자취하고 : 자취하(the stem of 자취하다) + -고(a connection suffix between two verbs)

* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have (3) [as the form of ...고 있다] be ...ing

* -고 있다 : be doing

* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 있으셔요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -여?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* 있습니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an  honourific interrogative verb ending suffix)

* -ㅂ : this is used when the stem of a verb ends in a vowel like "하" --> 합니다 / 합니까?; this is less honourific than -으시-'/'-스-'/'-시-' + -ㅂ니다 or -으시-'/'-스-'/'-시-' + -ㅂ니까?

* -으시- : this is used when the stem of a verb ends in a consonant like "있"; this is more honourific than '-스-' --> 있으십니다 / 있으십니까?

* -스- : this is used when the stem of a verb ends in a consonant like "있" --> 있습니다 / 있습니까?

* -시- : this is used when the stem of a verb ends in a vowel like "하" --> 하십니다 / 하십니까?

* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -어? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -나? / -어? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb + -으세요? / -으셔요? / -습니까? / -십니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrgative verb ending suffix by '-요' / ‘-ㅂ-‘ / '시' / -스'

Let's learn about "살짝 몰래 들어와"

살짝 몰래 들어와 : Sneak in

ex)

A. 언니! 이제 집 왔어. 엄마 아빠는 자? : Hey my elder sister! I'm home now. Mom and dad, Are they sleeping?

B. 어이구! 우리 이쁜 동생아! 엄마 아빠 자니까 살짝 몰래 빨리 들어와서 자 : Oh, my pretty little sister! Mom and dad are sleeping, so sneak in and sleep

* 언니 : older[elder] sister, [=큰언니] big sister

* 이제 : now

* 집 : house; home

* -에 : a place particle means "at/on/in"; this omitted

* 오다 : come

* 왔다 : past tense or present perfect of 오다 by '-았-'

* 왔어 : 왔(the stem of 왔다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 엄마 : mom

* 아빠 : dad

* -는 : a psrticle makes 엄마 아빠 subjective after a word ends in a vowel like "빠"

* 자다 : sleep

* 자 : 자(the stem of 자다; 자 + -아 contracted into 자) + -아(a non-honourific interrogative verb ending  suffix)

* 어이고 = 어이구 = 아이고 = 아이구 ; Oh my god; Oh

* 예쁜 = 이쁜 = 이뿐 = 예뿐 = 어여쁜 = 어여뿐 : pretty

* 예쁘다 = 예뿌다 = 어여쁘다 = 어여뿌다 : be pretty

* 우리 : (1) we; our (2) I; my in the sentence

* 동생 : (1) younger brother (2) younger sister in the sentence

* -동생아! : 동생 + -아(a vocative suffix)

* 자니까 : 자(the stem of 자다) + -(니)까(because; because of)

* 살짝 : [=약간] slightly

* 몰래 : secretly, in secret, surreptitiously, (informal) on the quiet

* 빨리 : [=신속히] quickly, fast; [=일찍] early

- 그녀는 빨리 먹는 편이다 : She's a fast eater

- 그녀는 빨리 일어난다 = 그녀는 일찍 일어난다 : She gets up early

* 들어오다 : (1) (안으로) enter, come[get] in(to), walk[step] in(to); (열차가) pull in (2) (소식·주문 등이) come in (3) (모임·단체 등에) join <-- 들다(enter into someplace) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 오다(come)

* 들어와 : 들어오(the stem of 들어오다; 오 + -아 contracted into 와) + -아(a non-honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "Do ~")

Let's learn about "배시시 웃다"

배시시 웃다 : laugh with a silent and light smile in a modest manner

ex)

A. 야. 배시시 웃으면서 가만히 있지 말고, 할 말 있으면 해 : Hey, don't just Don't just sit there smiling with a silent, light and modest mannner, say what you want to say

B. 뭐 별 할 말 없어 : There's nothing to say

* 배시시 : 다소곳한 모습으로 소리 없이 가볍게 웃는 모양(a gentle smile in a modest manner)

- 형은 대답 대신 배시시 웃기만 하였다 : Instead of answering, my brother just smiled with a silent, light and modest mannner

* 다소곳한 : modest; obedient and quiet

* 다소곳하다 : be modest; be obedient and quiet

* 웃다 : laugh; [=낄낄거리다] giggle, chuckle; [=미소 짓다] smile

* 웃으면서 : 웃(the stem of 웃다) + -(으)면서(with ...ing; while ...ing)

* 가만히 : (1) [=움직이지 않고] still, motionlessly (2) [=아무런 대책 없이] without any countermeasures (2) [=조용히] quietly, silently, softly, gently; [=살그머니] stealthily

- 가만히 앉아 있다 : sit still

- 집에 너무 늦게 들어가면 아내가 가만히 있지 않을 것이다 : My wife will kill me if I get home too late

- 자리를 가만히 뜨다 : leave one's seat quietly

* 아무런 생각(도) 없이 : unintentionally; without intention;; unsuspectingly

* 있다 : be; exist

* 가만히 (앉아) 있다 : sit still; stay still

* 있지 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -지(a connection suffix makes a verb negative meaning before a verb means negative nuance)

* 말다 : [irregular verb] (1) [=그만두다•중단하다] stop; cease (3) [=하지 않다•하지 않는게 좋다] don't; had better not

* 말고 : 말(the stem of 말다) + -고(and; and then)

* 하다 : (1) do (2) say in the sentence

* 할 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive)

* 말 : a word 

* 할 말 : a word to say

* 있다 : be; exist; have in the sentence

* 있으면 : 있(the stem of 있다) + -(으)면(if)

* 할 말 있으면 : if you have a word to say

* 해 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -어(a non-honourific propositive or imperative verb ending suffix means "Do ~"

* 뭐 : a short form of 무엇(what); This means "Hmm" or "well"

* 별 = 별로 : especially; particularly; in particular

* 하다 : do

* 할 : 하(the stem of 하다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense)

* 말 : a word

* 할 말 : something to say

* -이 : a suffix makes 할 말 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant; this omited

* 없다 : [as the form of -이 없다] be not; there is not; there are not

* 없어 : 없(the stem of 없다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

Let's learn about "정말 답답해"

정말 답답해 : I'm so frustrated / It's so frustrating

[other expressions]

- 정말 답답하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 정말 답답하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 정말 답답해. (to younger people or friends)

- 정말 답답하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 정말 답답하구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 정말 답답하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 정말 답답하군요! (honourific by '요')

- 정말 답답해요. (honourific by '요')

- 정말 답답합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 정말 = 정말로= 진짜 = 진짜로 : too much; really

* 답답한 : (1) [숨이 막힐 듯이] stuffy, stifling, suffocating (2) [걱정·근심 등으로] feel heavy (3) [말·생각·행동 등이] nonsense; meaningless (word) (4) [=어설프게] slovenly; clumsily; with awkward hands

- 이 방은 너무 답답하다 : This room feels very stuffy

- 걱정으로 가슴이 답답하다 : feel heavy with worries

- 답답한 소리 좀 그만 하세요 : Stop with the nonsense already

- 답답하게 좀 그러지 마 = 어설프게 좀 그러지 마 : Don't do like that clumsily

* 답답하다 : a verb form of 답답한

* 답답하게 : an adverb form of 답답한

* 답답해 : 답답하(the stem of 답답하다) + -어(a non-honourific verb ending suffix)

* 답답합니다 : 답답하(the stem of 답답하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "설레다"

그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레네요 : I'm excited to meet her for the first time

ex 1)

A. 너 오늘 니 친구가 여자 소개시켜 준다던데... : I heard your friend is going to introduce you to a girl today

B. 맞아요. 내 가장 친한 친구가 지 여동생의 친구를 나 한테 소개시켜 준다고 했어요. 그래서 그녀와의 첫 만남이 엄청 설레네요 : That's right. My best friend said he would introduce his sister's friend to me. So I'm really excited about meeting her for the first time

ex 2)

와 오늘은 집 사람이 맛있는 요리해 준다니까 진짜로 집에 가는 길이 설레네요 : Wow, I'm excited on my way home because my wife is cooking for me today

[other expressions]

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설렌다. (to younger people or friends)

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레네. (to younger people or friends)

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레. (to younger people or friends)

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레군! (to younger people or friends)

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레는군! (to younger people or friends)

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레는구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레요. (honourific by '-요')

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설레는군요! (honourific by '-요')

- 그녀와의 첫 만남이 설렙니다.. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ'

[explanations]

* 그녀 : she (non-honourific word)

* 그분 : she; he (honourific word)

* 와 : with

* -의 : a particle makes 그녀와 possesive

* 첫 : first

* 만나다 : meet

* 만남 : a noun form of 만나다 by '-ㅁ'; a noun ends in '-ㅁ' often used before the subject particle '-이'

* -이 : a particle makes 만남 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a consonant like '남'

* 설레다 : [=마음이 들떠서 두근거리다] throb (audibly / violently); beat high ; palpitate; flutter

- 설레는 가슴 a loudly throbbing heart

- 가슴을 설레며 : with a leap of one's heart

- 가슴을 설레게 한다 : make one's heart beat[leap]

- 설레는 가슴을 달래다 : calm one's agitated mind

- 어머니를 다시 뵌다는 생각만으로도 기뻐서 가슴이 설렌다 : Just the thought of seeing my mother again gives me a thrill of joy

- 요트로 달리는 것은 정말 가슴 설레는 일이었다 : It was really thrilling[exciting] to sail in a yacht

- 산꼭대기에 올라선 기분은 정말 가슴 설레는 것이었다 : It was indeed a stirring feeling to reach the top of the mountain

- 그녀는 그 광경에 가슴이 설레었다 : Her heart leaped[leapt / began to pound] at the sight

* 설렌다 : present tense of 설레다 by '-ㄴ'

* 설레 : 설레(the stem of 설레다) + -어(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* 설렙니다 : 설레(the stem of 설레다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -는군! / -구나! / -는구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -어 / -군! / -는군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠다"

저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠다 : I need to get her phone number

ex) 

A. 저기 앉아있는 여자분 아니? 왜 그렇게 눈길이 가 있어? : Do you know the woman sitting there? Why are you looking at her like that?

B. 아니 모르는 여자분이야. 근데 정말 맘에 든다. 저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠다. 사귀게... : No, it's a woman I don' But I really like it. I need to get her phone number. I'm going out with...

A. 너 정말 맘에 든 모양이구나! 여자는 거들떠 보지도 않더니. 하여간 미리 축하한다. 드뎌 총각 신세 면할 거 같아서...  (<--  너는 정말 그녀가 마음에 든 모양이구나! 너는 그 어떤 여자도 거들떠 보지도 않더니. 하여간 미리 축하한다. 드디어 너가 총각 신세에서 벗어날 거 같은 생각이 든다) : You must really like her! You didn't even look at any woman. Anyway, congratulations in advance. I feel like you're finally getting out of your bachelorhood

[other expressions]

- 저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠다. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠네. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠어. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠네요. (honourific by '요')

- 저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠어요. (honourific by '요')

- 저 여자분 전화 번호 따야겠습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

- 저 여자분 전화 번호 딸래. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 여자분 전화 번호 딸래요. (honourific by '요')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* 는 : a suffix makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted

* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 저 : there

* 여자 : woman (non-honourific word)

* 분 : a suffix makes 여자 honourific

* 여자분 : woman; (honourific word)

* 저 여자분 : her

* -의 : a particle makes 저 여자분 possesive

* 전화 번호 : phone number

* -를 : a particle makes 전화 번호 objective after a word ends in a vowel lke '-호'; this omitted

* 따다 : (1) [=잡아떼다] pick; pluck; nip; clip; trim; [=모으다] gather; cull (2) [=터뜨리다] open; lance; cut out (3) [=인용하다] quote; make selections; pick out; extract; sum up; summarize; epitomize (4) [=노름에서 이기다] gain; get; win (5) [=얻다·받다] get; obtain; gain; take; receive 

- 꽃[딸기]을 따다 : pick flowers[strawberries]

- 병마개를 따다 : pull out a top[bung] / unstopper / uncork a bottle

- 종기를 따다 : open an abscess[a boil]

- 시에서 마음에 든 표현[구절]을 따다 : select[pick out] one's favorite expressions[phrases] from poems

- 남의 글귀를 따다 : steal another's words / plagiarize

- 요점을 따다 : pick out the main points / sum up

- 노름에서 돈을 많이 따다 : gain much money in gambling

- 백점[만점]을 따다 : get[score] full marks

- 금메달을 따다 : be awarded a gold medal

- 박사 학위를 따다 : get a doctor's degree

- 면허를 따다 : take out a license

- 그는 수학에서 80점을 땄다 He got an 80[80 marks] in mathematics.

- 전화 번호를 따다 : get phone number

* 따야겠다 : 따(the stem of 따다) +야겠(a speaker's will)  + -다(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* 따야겠습니다 : 따(the stem of 따다) +야겠(a speaker's will) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* 딸래 : 따(the stem of 따다) + -을래/-ㄹ래(a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix means "will ~")

* -겠다 / -야겠다 / -을래 / -ㄹ래 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix means "will ~"

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 / -을래 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -어 / -을래 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "취미와 관심거리"

취미와 관심거리 : hobbies and interests

ex)

A. 너 요즘 취미랑 관심거리가 뭐니? : What are your hobbies and interests these days?

B. 응. 요즘은 주로 취미로는 "영화"보고, 관심거리는 "언제 남자 만나서 결혼하는 거야 : Yes. These days, I usually watch "movie" as a hobby, and my interest is, "When will I meet a man and get married?"

* 취미 : hobby

* 관심 : [關心] interest ; [=걱정] concern

* 거리 : this has the meanings as followings:

1) [명사(noun)] [a short form of 길거리] road

2) [명사(noun)]

(1) 《명사 뒤에 붙거나 어미 ‘을’ 뒤에 쓰이어》 내용이 될 만한 재료 (material that may be attached to the end of a noun or after the end of the word "-을")

【예】 국거리(ingredients to make soup)

 반찬을 만들 거리(ingredients to make side dishes)

(2) 【의존 명사적 용법([Dependent noun usage)】 제시한 수가 처리할 만한 것(Something that the number suggested can handle)

【예】 한 사람 거리의 일(a job that can be handled by one person)

한 입 거리밖에 안 되는 과일(a bite-sized fruit; a fruit of a size that can be eaten at a time)

(3) 【의존 명사적 용법(Dependent noun usage)】 제시한 시간 동안 해낼 만한 일(a job worth doing in the time offered)

【예】 한 시간 거리도 안 되는 일(a job that can be done in an hour)

3) [의존명사(Dependent noun)] 오이·가지 따위의 수효를 셀 때 50개를 한 단위로 이르는 말. [두 거리가 한 접, 곧 100개가 됨] (50 ea in a unit when counting the number of cucumbers and branches. [that is, 두 거리 will be 100 ea. 100 ea is 1 접]

【예】 오이 두 거리 : 100 cucumbers

4) [접미사(suffix)] 날·달·해 등을 뜻하는 말 뒤에 붙어, 그 시간 단위를 주기(週期)로 하여 일어남을 뜻함(It is attached to the end of the word meaning day, month, year, etc., and means that it occurs with the time unit as a period)

【예】 달거리 : (1) [=열병] monthly fever (2) [＝월경(月經)] menstruation

해거리 : every other[second] year; alternate years. 

하루거리 : malignant[falciparum / subtertian] malaria

Let's learn about "초딩입맛"

초딩입맛 : Elementary taste; this means "초등학교 학생처럼 단 것만 좋아하고, 다양한 음식을 먹지 못하는 입맛을 가진 사람(A person who likes sweet things and can't eat various foods like an elementary school student)"; 초등입맛 changed into 초딩입맛 for easy pronunciation and funny nuance

* 초딩 : a slang of elementary school student(초등학교 학생) <-- this is a variation of 초등

* 입맛 : [=구미] appetite, one's taste, one's palate <-- 입(mouth) + 맛(taste)

- 입맛을 잃다 : lose one's appetite

- 모든 일을 네 입맛대로만 할 수는 없다 : You can't have everything your way

- 그는 잡지에서 멋진 차를 보고 입맛을 다셨다 : He drooled over a beautiful car he saw in a magazine

Question about "먼저, 일단, 우선"

"먼저", "일단", "우선"

어떻게 달라요? 

How are they different?

<Answer>

1. 먼저 하세요. 그 다음에 제가 할게요.

you first. I 'll do next after you

일단 하세요. 제가 그 다음은 어떻게 제가 잘 알아서 처리할게요.

Just do it right now first. I'll take care of rest stuffs by myself.

우선 하세요. 

Do it first thing. 

I think It has both meaning 먼저, 일단.

약간의 뉘앙스 차이가 있는 것 같습니다.

2. 문법상의 차이가 있을뿐, 크게 다르지 않아요

3. All same

Question about "사정, 사건, 상황"

사정, 사건, 상황의 차이가 뭐예요?

<Answer>

1. 사정은 내가 무슨 일이 있어서 뭔가 못하거나 할때 쓰고요. 예를들어 8시까지 가기로 했는데,  사고나 나서 못가거나 늦는상황일때 사정이 있었다 라고해요. 

사건은 incident

상황은 situation 이에요. 

2. 1) 사정: reason, circumstance

2) 사건: incident, case, event

3) 상황: situation, circumstances, conditions

3. 1) 나에겐 말못할 ‘사정’이 있어 (certain circumstance)

2) 경찰이 ‘사건’을 수사하고 있다

(certain case)

3) 믿지못할 ‘상황’이 펼쳐졌다

(certain situation)

좋은 질문이네요. Keep the good work 

Question about "“함 해보자"

“함 해보자”무슨 뜻이죠?

<Answer>

1. Let's give it a shot!!

2. 한번 해보자 =시도해보자👍

한 번 해보자=

1회만 해보자

3. 한 번 해보자 is formal.

4. Gyeongsang-do dialect, which means "once" 

ㅋㅋㅋㅋ ㅋslang 이 아니라 경상도 사투리예요

Let's learn about "가난의 굴레, 발버둥 치다"

그녀는 가난의 굴레에서 벗으나려 발버둥 치고 있었다 : She was struggling to get out of the grip of poverty

[explanations]

* 그녀 : she

* -는 a particle makes 그녀 subjective after a word ends in a vowel like '-녀'

* 가난의 굴레 : the yoke of poverty

* 가난 : poverty; want

* 가난한 : poor; needy; impoverished; bad off; badly off

* 가난하게 : an adverb form of 가난한 by '-게'

* 굴레 : (1) (말에 씌우는) bridle; halter (2) yoke (3) [=구속•속박] restriction; restraint; tie; (literary) fetters

* -에서 : from

* 벗어나다 : (1) (일정한 공간·범위 등을) get out (of) (2) (가난·구속 등에서) free (sb from sth), break away (from), rid oneself of (3) (요점·주제 등을) be off the point, be beside the point <-- 벗다(slip off; take off (clothing)) + -어(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 나다(go out)

- 도심을 벗어나다 : get out of the downtown area

- 죄책감에서 벗어나다 : rid oneself of guilt

- 그 질문은 요점을 벗어난 것 같습니다 : The question seems to be beside[off] the point

* 벗어나려 : 벗어나(the stem of 벗어나다) + -려/-려고(in order to do)

* 발버둥 : (1) [= 몸부림] an act of twisting one's body violently (2) (어떤 일을 이루려고 애쓰는 것) struggle

- 아무리 발버둥 쳐도 소용 없다 : It is no use struggling and wriggling

- 성공을 위해 발버둥 치다 : struggle to succeed

* -을 : a particle makes 발버둥 objective after a word ends in a consonant like '-둥'; this imitted

* 몸부림 : (1) (몸을 심하게 뒤트는 행동) an act of twisting one's body violently (2) (비유적) struggle

- 괴로워서 몸부림(을) 치다 : writhe in (a desperate) agony

- 재기의 몸부림을 치다 : struggle to regain one's feet

* 치다 : (1) [=주먹•발 등으로 공격하다] hit (2) [=거짓말 하다] fib; lie (3) [=노력하다] do hard in the sentence

* 발버둥(을) 치다 : be struggling

* 치고 : 치(the stem of 치다) + -고(and)

* 있다 : (1) be; exist (2) have

* 있었다 : past tense or present perfect of 있다 by '-었-'

* -고 있다 : be ...ing; be in the middle of ..ing

* -고 있었다 : was ...ing; was in the middle of ..ing

마리아(Maria) - 화사(Hwasa)

 마리아(Maria) - 화사(Hwasa)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vridpZzXpA0

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moJsm0kp3rQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdqzaSVcXNY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDukIfFzX18

욕을 하도 먹어 체했어 하도

서러워도 어쩌겠어 I do

모두들 미워하느라 애썼네

날 무너뜨리면

밥이 되나

외로워서 어떡해

미움마저 삼켰어

화낼 힘도 없어

여유도 없고

뭐 그리 아니꼬와

가던 길 그냥 가

왜들 그래 서럽게

마리아 마리아

널 위한 말이야

빛나는 밤이야

널 괴롭히지마

오 마리아 널 위한 말이야

뭐 하러 아등바등해

이미 아름다운데

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) 널 위한 말이야

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) 아름다워 마리아

No frame no fake

지끈 지끈거려

하늘은 하늘색 사는 게 다 뻔해

내가 갈 길은 내가 바꾸지 뭐

위기는 기회로 다 바꾸지 뭐

굳이 우는 꼴이 보고 싶다면

옜다 눈물

외로워서 어떡해

미움마저 삼켰어

화낼 힘도 없어

이유도 없고

마음을 더럽히지마

타락하기엔 아직 일러

마리아 마리아

널 위한 말이야

빛나는 밤이야

널 괴롭히지마

오 마리아 널 위한 말이야

뭐 하러 아등바등해

이미 아름다운데

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) 널 위한 말이야

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) 아름다워 마리아

마리아 마리아

널 위한 말이야

빛나는 밤이야

널 괴롭히지마

오 마리아 널 위한 말이야

뭐 하러 아등바등해

이미 아름다운데

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) 널 위한 말이야

(yeah) 널 위한 말이야

(yeah) 아름다워 마리아

[ENGLISH TRANSLATION]

I have an upset stomach from getting sworn at so much (*)

Even if I’m sad, what am I going to do

I do You all worked hard hating

If you knock me down

Does that feed you?

What do I do about being lonely To

I’ve even swallowed the hate

I don’t even have the strength to be angry

I don’t have the time either

What is so disgusting

Just go on your

Why are you all doing this, making me sad

Maria Maria

These are words for

It’s a shining night

Don’t bother me

Oh Maria they’re words for you

Why are you struggling

You’re already beautiful

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) They’re words for you

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) You’re beautiful Maria

No frame no fake

Throbbing headache

The sky is the color of the sky, living is all obvious

I’ll change the path I go

I’ll change a crisis to an opportunity

If you really want to see me cry

Here, tears

What do I do about being lonely

I’ve even swallowed the hater

I don’t even have the strength to be angry

There’s no reason either

Don’t dirty your mind

It’s too soon to fall

Maria Maria

They’re words for you

It’s a shining night

Don’t bother me

Oh Maria they’re words for you

Why are you struggling

You’re already beautiful

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) They’re words for you

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) You’re beautiful Maria

Maria Maria

They’re words for you

It’s a shining night

Don’t bother me

Oh Maria they’re words for you

Why are you struggling

You’re already beautiful

(yeah) Oh na ah ah

(yeah) They’re words for you

(yeah) They’re words for you

(yeah) You’re beautiful Maria

Let's learn about "다 잘될 거야"

(모두) 다 잘될 거야 : Everything will be alright

[other expressions]

- 다 잘될 거다 = 다 잘될 것이다.  (to younger people or friends)

- 다 잘될 거네 = 다 잘될 것이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 다 잘될 거야 = 다 잘될 것이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 다 잘될 거네요 = 다 잘될 것이네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 다 잘될 거예요 = 다 잘될 것이에요. (honourific by '-요')

- 다 잘될 겁니다 = 다 잘될 것입니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 모두 = 모두 다 = 다 : all; everything

* 잘되다 : (1) (1) [=성공하다] get on in the world[in life]; rise[succeed] in the world; make a success in life[the world]; make one's way[get on] in life; [=승진하다] win[get / obtain] promotion (2) (일이) go well[right]; work well; work out; go on smoothly; (결과가) come[turn] out all right; pay off (3) (장사·사업이) prosper; be prosperous; thrive; flourish (5) (농사가) have a good[fine] crop ; be fruitful(과실이); (작황이) be growing[doing] well

- 그의 부모님은 아들이 잘된 것을 보고 기뻐했다 : His parents were glad of their son's success[glad that their son had succeeded] in life

- 일은 잘되었다 : Things have gone well. / Things have come out well

- 그의 사업이 잘되고 있다 : His business is thriving[flourishing]. / He is enjoying good business

- 이 지방에서는 복숭아가 잘된다 : Peaches grow well in this part of the country

 

* 잘될 : 잘되(the stem of 잘되다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive; this is used after a word ends in a consonant)

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)

* a word ends in a vowel + -다(a short form of 이다)

* a word ends in a consonant + -이다(br)

* -ㄹ 거다 = -ㄹ 것이다 : I will ~

* 겁니다 : 거 + -ㅂ니다

* 것입니다 : 것 + -입니다

* a noun + -다 / -네 / -야 / -이다 / -이네 / -이야 ; a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다

* a noun + -네 / -이네 + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a noun + -예요 / -이에요 / -ㅂ니다 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by '-요' / '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "못되다" verb"

못되다 has the meaning as followings

(1) [=여위다•못하다] emaciated; worn; worn-out; careworn; wearied; haggard

ㆍ 못된 얼굴 a haggard[worn] face

ㆍ 앓고 나서 얼굴이 못되다 : look thin after an illness

ㆍ 그는 학질에 걸리더니 얼굴이 아주 못되었다 : Malaria left him a wreck

ㆍ 그는 오래 앓고 나더니 얼굴이 못되었다 : He is emaciated[wasted] by his long illness

(2) [=기울다] decline; fall (away); sink; wane; be reduced

ㆍ 그 집안은 살림살이가 못되어 간다 : The family is going downhill. / Their fortune is on the wane. / Their fortune is waning[beginning to ebb]

ㆍ 나라 형편이 못되어 갔다 : Fortune deserted the country

(3) [=나쁘다] bad; evil; wrong; [=사악하다] wicked; ill-natured; malicious; criminal

ㆍ 못된 생각 : an evil intention / a mistaken idea

ㆍ 못된 놈 : a wicked man / a bad egg / a rascal

ㆍ 못된 장난 : mischief

ㆍ 못된 짓 : a wrong / an evil deed / a misdeed / a vice / (주색잡기) evil[loose / coarse] pleasures

ㆍ 못된 짓을 하다 : do wrong / commit a sin[crime]

ㆍ 남에게 못된 짓을 하다 : do something malicious to a person

ㆍ 못되게 굴다 : misbehave oneself / conduct oneself[behave] improperly[in an immoral fashion]

ㆍ 그는 술만 마시면 못되게 군다 : He turns vicious when he drinks

ㆍ 못된 농담은 그만두어라 : Don't make such nasty[cruel / vicious] jokes

ㆍ 못된 송아지 엉덩이에서 뿔이 난다 <속담(proverb)> : The lean weed lifts its head high. / An ill-bred boy behaves rudely

Let's learn about "잘되다" verb"

잘되다 has the meaning as followings

(1) [=성공하다] get on in the world[in life]; rise[succeed] in the world; make a success in life[the world]; make one's way[get on] in life; [=승진하다] win[get / obtain] promotion

ㆍ 그의 부모님은 아들이 잘된 것을 보고 기뻐했다 : His parents were glad of their son's success[glad that their son had succeeded] in life

(2) (일이) go well[right]; work well; work out; go on smoothly; (결과가) come[turn] out all right; pay off

ㆍ 늘 그렇게 잘되는 것은 아니다 : Things do not always go well

ㆍ 그가 나타날 때까지는 만사가 잘되어 가고 있었다 : Everything was going well[smoothly] until he appeared on the scene

ㆍ 일이 잘되지 않을 때는 어떻게 하려느냐? : What will you do if things don't work out?

ㆍ 일은 잘되었다 : Things have gone well. / Things have come out well

ㆍ 잘되면 제 탓 못되면 조상 탓 : <속담(proverb)> One puts credit[merit] upon oneself when things go well, and blames one's ancestors when not

(3) (장사·사업이) prosper; be prosperous; thrive; flourish

ㆍ 요즈음은 내 장사가 잘되지 않는다 : These days my business has not been going well

ㆍ 장사가 잘되었다 : The business was[proved] a success

ㆍ 그의 사업이 잘되고 있다 : His business is thriving[flourishing]. / He is enjoying good business

(4) (만든 것·솜씨가) be done[made] well; be of fine make; be of excellent workmanship

ㆍ 밥이 잘되었다 : The rice is done well

ㆍ 이 수프는 아주 잘되었다 : This soup is well made[very good]

ㆍ 이번 퍼머는 썩 잘되지 못했다 : My perm didn't take very well this time

(5) (농사가) have a good[fine] crop ; be fruitful(과실이); (작황이) be growing[doing] well

ㆍ 올해는 벼농사가 잘되었다[잘되지 않았다] : We had a good[poor] rice crop this year

ㆍ 이 지방에서는 복숭아가 잘된다 : Peaches grow well in this part of the country

ㆍ 이 농장에서는 속성 재배의 야채가 잘된다 : This farm produces good crops of forced vegetables

(6) [=철저하다·완전하다] be thorough[perfect / complete]; be well attended[tended]

ㆍ 우리 학교는 위생 시설이 잘되어 있다 : Our school has complete sanitary facilities

Let's learn about "방 청소하는 중이야"

(지금) 방 청소하는 중이야 : I am cleaning the room

[other expressions]

- 지금 방 청소하는 중이다. (to younger people or friends)

- 지금 방 청소하는 중이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 지금 방 청소하는 중이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 지금 방 청소하는 중이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 지금 방 청소하는 중이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 지금 방 청소하는 중입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

- 지금 방 청소하고 있는 중이다. (to younger people or friends)

- 지금 방 청소하고 있는 중이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 지금 방 청소하고 있는 중이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 지금 방 청소하고 있는 중이네요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 지금 방 청소하고 있는 중이에요. (honourific by ‘-요’)

- 지금 방 청소하고 있는 중입니다. (formal; honourific by ‘-ㅂ’)

[explanations]

* 지금 : now

* 나 : I (non-honourific word); this can be replaced by 난

* 저 : I (honourific word); this can be replaced by 전

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는

* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 방 : room

* -을 : a particle makes 방 objective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 청소 : [淸掃] cleaning; sweeping; clearing

* 청소하다 : clean, sweep, mop, scavenge, scavenger, turn out

* 청소하는 : 청소하(the stem of 청소하다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and attributive)

* 청소하고 : 청소하(the stem of 청소하다) + -고(and)

* 이다 : be

* 있는 : 있(the stem of 있) + -는(a suffix makes a verb present tense and attributive)

* 중 : (1) center (2) middle (3) be in middle of ...; be ...ing

* -고 있는 중이다 = -(으)ㄴ 중이다 : be in the middle of ...; be ...ing

- 하고 있는 중이다 = 하는 중이다 : be in the middle of doing

* 입니다 : 이(the stem of 이다)  + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a noun + -이다 / -이네 / -이야 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다

* a noun + -이군! / -이구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory form of 이다

* a noun + -이네 / -이군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a noun +  -이에요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다  by '-ㅂ'

* -이에요 : this is used after a noun word end in a consonant

- 동안이네요 : You look younger than your age

* -예요 : this is used after a noun word end in a vowel

- 손님이 주문하신 커피예요 : This is the coffee you ordered

Let's learn about "나 떠날 거야"

나 떠날 거야 : I'm leaving

[other expressions]

- 나 떠날 거다 = 나 떠날 것이다.  (to younger people or friends)

- 나 떠날 거네 = 나 떠날 것이네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 떠날 거야 = 나 떠날 것이야. (to younger people or friends)

- 저 떠날 거네요 = 저 떠날 것이네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저 떠날 거예요 = 저 떠날 것이에요. (honourific by '-요')

- 저 떠날 겁니다 = 저 떠날 것입니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word); this can be replaced by 난

* 저 : I (honourific word); this can be replaced by 전

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는

* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 떠나다 : leave

* 떠날 : 떠나(the stem of 떠나다) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and attributive; this is used after a word ends in a consonant)

* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)

* a word ends in a vowel + -다(a short form of 이다)

* a word ends in a consonant + -이다(br)

* -ㄹ 거다 = -ㄹ 것이다 : I will ~

* 겁니다 : 거 + -ㅂ니다

* 것입니다 : 것 + -입니다

* a noun + -다 / -네 / -야 / -이다 / -이네 / -이야 ; a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다

* a noun + -네 / -이네 + -요(an honourific ending suffix)

* a noun + -예요 / -이에요 / -ㅂ니다 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by '-요' / '-ㅂ

Let's learn about "나 가을 타는 거 같아"

나 가을 타는 거 같아 : I think that I have the fall blues

[other expressions]

- 나 가을 타는 거 같다. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 가을 타는 거 같네. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 가을 타는 거 같아. (to younger people or friends)

- 나 가을 타는 거 같군! (to younger people or friends)

- 나 가을 타는 거 같구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 저 가을 타는 거 같네요. (honourific by '요')

- 저 가을 타는 거 같군요! (honourific by '요')

- 저 가을 타는 거 같아요. (honourific by '요')

- 저 가을 타는 거 같습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word); this can replaced by 난

* 저 : I (honourific word): this can replaced by 전

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel; this omitted

* 난 : a short form of 나는

* 전 : a short form of 저는

* 가을 : (Am) fall, (Brit) autumn

- 가을(의) 기운이 완연하다 : Autumn is in the air

* -을 : a particle makes 가을 objective after a word ends in a consonant

* 타다 : (1) (탈것에) ride, take; [=올라타다] get on, get in(to), board (2) (나무·산 등을) climb, (formal) ascend (3) (흐름·틈·분위기·기분 등을) take advantage of, capitalize on; go along something like trends, feelings, mood (4) (불에) burn, blaze; [=화염에 휩싸이다] be in flames [=불타다] (5) (밥·고기 등이) burn, be burned (6) tan, (피부가) be suntanned, be browned; (지나치게) be sunburned

- 말을 타다 : ride (on) a horse

- 사다리를 타고 지붕에 올라가다 : climb to the roof by the ladder

- 시대의 흐름을 타다 : go along the current trends

- 뭔가 타는 냄새가 난다 : I can smell something burning

- 생선이 타지 않게 잘 뒤집어라 : Turn[Rotate] the fish carefully so that it won't burn

- 햇볕에 얼굴이 까맣게 탔다 : My face got browned by the sun

* 가을(을) 타다 : be sentimental in autumn

* 타는 : 타(the stem of 타다) + -는(a suffix makes a verb attributive / this is a modifier to a noun)

* 거 : a short form of 것(thing)

* -(으)ㄴ 거 같다 = -는 거 같다 = -(으)ㄴ 것 같다 = -는 것 같다 : look like, seem, I think:  these express a supposition/opinion based on a basis

- See : https://www.koreantopik.com/2018/11/l1g59-av-grammar-1-looks-like-appears.html

* 같습니다 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -아 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -아 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '스-' / 'ㅂ'

Let's learn about "완벽해"

완벽해! : It's perfect!

[other expressions]

- 완벽하다. (to younger people or friends)

- 완벽하네. (to younger people or friends)

- 완벽해. (to younger people or friends)

- 완벽하군! (to younger people or friends)

- 완벽하구나! (to younger people or friends)

- 완벽하네요. (honourific by '요')

- 완벽하군요! (honourific by '요')

- 완벽해요. (honourific by '요')

- 완벽합니다. (formal; honourific by '-ㅂ')

[explanations]

* 완벽 : [完璧] perfection

- 완벽을 기하다 : aim at perfection

* 완벽한 : perfect; complete; flawless; impeccable[=과실·죄 등이 없는]

- 완벽한 연기 : a flawless[faultless] performance

* 완벽하다 : a verb form of 완벽한 by '-하다'

- 그는 교사로서 완벽하다 : As a teacher he is perfect

- 그녀의 연주는 실로 완벽했다 : Her performance was virtually flawless[perfect / beyond criticism]

- 그의 알리바이는 완벽하다 : His alibi is perfect

* 완벽하게 : an adverb form of 완벽한 by '-게'

- 그녀는 프랑스어를 완벽하게 사용한다 : She has a perfect command of French. / Her French is perfect

* 완벽해 : 완벽하(the stem of 완벽하다; 하 + -어 contracted into 해) + -어(a non-honourific verb ending suffix)

* 완벽합니다 : 완벽하(the stem of 완벽하다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a non-honourific descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -군! / -구나! : a non-honourific exclamatory verb ending suffix

* a verb + -네 / -군! + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix

* a verb +  -ㅂ니다 : an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix by '-ㅂ'

Let's learn about "지쳤다"

지쳤어 : I'm exhausted

[other expressions]

- 지쳤다. (to younger people or friends)

- 지쳤네. (to younger people or friends)

- 지쳤어. (to younger people or friends)

- 지쳤네요. (honourific by '-요')

- 지쳤어요. (honourific by '-요')

- 지쳤습니다. (formal; more honourific by '스-')

[explanations]

* 나 : I (non-honourific word)

* 저 : I (honourific word)

* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 subjective after a word ends in a vowel

* 난 : a short form of 나는; this omitted

* 전 : a short form of 저는; this omitted

* 지치다 : got angry; be fuming <-- 화(anger) + 나다(come out)

* 지쳤다 : present tense or present perfect of 보다

* 지쳤습니다 : 지쳤(the stem of 지쳤다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)

* a verb + -다 / -네 / -어 : a descriptive verb ending suffix

* a verb + -어 + -요 : an honourific ending suffix

* a verb + -습니다 / -ㅂ니다 : a descriptive verb ending suffix has an honourific by '스-' / ‘-ㅂ’

Let's learn about "잘하다" verb"

잘하다 has the meaning as followings

(1) [=올바르게 하다] do a right thing; do right; [=훌륭히 하다] do well; do successfully

ㆍ 길에서 주은 지갑을 파출소에 갖다 준 것은 아주 잘한 일이었다 : It was quite right of you to take the purse you had found on the road to the police box

ㆍ 네가 판단을 잘했다 : You were right[correct] in your judgment

ㆍ 네가 잘했다 : You had right on your side

ㆍ 잘했다 : Well done!

(2) [=능란하게 하다] be skillful ; be good ; be expert ; be a good hand

ㆍ 노래를 잘하다 : sing well

ㆍ 요리를 잘하다 : be good at cooking / be a good cook

ㆍ 거래를 잘하다 : have a flair for bargains

ㆍ 이야기를 잘하다 : be a good talker

ㆍ 공부를 잘한다 : be doing well at school

ㆍ 그는 영어를 아주 잘한다 : He is very good at English

ㆍ 그녀는 영어를 잘하지만 수학은 잘하지 못한다 : She is good at[does well in] English but (is) no good[poor] at math

ㆍ 그는 자기 반에서 잘하는 축에 속한다 : He ranks high in his class

ㆍ 그는 자기 반에서 가장 잘한다 : He is at the top of his class

ㆍ 그는 수영을 잘한다 : He is good at swimming. / He is a good swimmer / He swims well

ㆍ 당신은 영어를 잘하는군요 : You speak good English

ㆍ 그는 골프를 꽤 잘한다 : He can play golf pretty well

ㆍ 그는 술을 잘한다 : He is a drinker

(3) [=만족하게 하다] satisfy; gratify; please; give satisfaction

ㆍ 그 녀석은 언제나 사장에게 잘하려고 한다 : He is always trying to please the president. / He is always sucking up to the president

ㆍ 그녀는 내게 아주 잘해 주었다 : She was very good[kind] to me

(4)  [=자주 하다] do often[frequently]

ㆍ 거짓말을 잘한다 : be a habitual liar

ㆍ 그는 결석을 잘한다 : He is often absent

(5) [and so on] well

ㆍ 그들은 잘하면 큰돈을 벌 수 있다고 생각하고 있다 : They figure that they can make a mint of money if all goes well

ㆍ 잘하면 내일은 일이 끝난다 : With luck[If things go well], we will finish the work tomorrow

Let's learn about "못하다" verb"

못하다 : [Pronunciation: 모타다] has the meanings as followings

(1) [=할 수 없다] cannot ; be unable ; be incapable ; [=…할 여유가 없다] cannot afford

ㆍ 그것은 어려워서 나는 못하겠다 : It is too difficult for me to do. / It's too much for me

ㆍ 나는 오늘중에 이 일을 전부는 못한다 : I cannot finish all the work today

ㆍ 이 홀은 500명의 인원을 수용하지는 못한다 : This hall cannot hold[is too small for] five hundred people

ㆍ 우리는 폭풍우로 출발을 못했다 : The storm prevented us from starting

ㆍ 그것에 대해서는 아무 말도 못하겠다 : I am not in a position to make any comment on it

(2) [=하지 못하다] fail to ; miss

ㆍ 승진하지 못하다 : fail to be promoted

ㆍ 알아맞히지 못하다 : guess wrong[amiss]

ㆍ 그가 설명하는 끝 부분을 듣지 못했다 : I missed the last part of his explanation

ㆍ 나의 진짜 목적은 아버님께 말씀드리지 못했다 : I failed to tell my father of my true purpose[motive]

ㆍ 너무 바빠 연락도 드리지 못해서 죄송합니다 : I'm sorry I was so busy that I failed[forget] to get in touch with you

(3) [=잘 못하다] be bad[poor / weak]

ㆍ …을 못하다 : be bad[not good / bad hand] at / be weak in

(4) (술·담배를) be unaccustomed

ㆍ 술을 못하는 사람 : a nondrinker

ㆍ 담배을 못하는 사람 : a nonsmoker

ㆍ 나는 위스키는 못한다 : I cannot drink whisky

(5) [=금지] prohibit

ㆍ 가져가지 못함 <bulletin> : Not to be taken out. / Not to be removed from the premises

(6) [=뒤떨어지다] inferior[second] to ; worse than; below; unequal to; not as good as; not on a level[par] with

ㆍ 약간 못하다 : fall (a little) behind / be a cut below

ㆍ 훨씬 못하다 : be far beneath

ㆍ …보다 못해 보이다 : compare unfavorably [poorly] / cannot stand[bear] comparison / cannot compare / be not so good

ㆍ 이 점에서 나는 그만 못하다 : I am inferior to him in this respect. / I fall behind[below] him in this respect

ㆍ 그는 짐승보다 못한 녀석이다 : He is worse than an animal

ㆍ 그의 두 번째 작품은 기대만도 못했다 : His second work fell short of[failed to live up to] expectation

ㆍ 이것은 내구성에 있어서 결코 저것만 못하지 않다 : This is no less durable than that

(7) [=않다] not; in case of this meaning, "못하다" can be replaced by "않다"

ㆍ 빛깔이 곱지 못하다 The color is not fine

ㆍ 그는 유능하지 못하다 : He is lacking in ability

Let's learn about "설상가상"

* 설상가상 : [Pronunciation: 설상가쌍] [눈 위에 서리가 덮이다 --> 어려운 일이 연거푸 일어남] make matters worse; misfortune on top of misfortune; When it rains, it pours

ex) 

A. 너 직장 잃고 나서 여친한테서도 차이고, 말도 안돼 : I can't believe your girl friend dumped you ater you got fired.

B. 아 정말! 나쁜 일은 한꺼번에 오냐! 그치? : Oh, really! Bad things come at once! isn't it / Oh My God! when it rains, it pours, Huh?

- 설상가상으로 : to make matters worse / to add to one's misery / on top of all other misfortunes / as if to rub salt in[into] the wound

- 설상가상으로 그는 면허증이 없었다[지갑을 잃어버렸다] : To make matters worse, he had no license[lost his wallet]

- 설상가상으로 비까지 내리기 시작했다 : To make us more miserable, it began to rain

- 불경기인 데다가 설상가상으로 전염병까지 퍼져서 사람들을 괴롭혔다 : In addition to the general business depression, an epidemic raged and afflicted the people

Let's learn about "연결 동사란?"

"연결동사"란? (What is copulative verbs? / What is linking verbs?)

source(출처) : https://ilikeen.tistory.com/1372 [

 

연결동사 뜻과 종류 알아보기 (Learn the meaning and type of copulative verbs)

 

한국어 문법이나 영어 문법을 공부하면서 연결 동사에 대해 한 번쯤 들어 보셨을 거예요. (You've probably heard about copulative verbs at least once while studying Korean grammar or English grammar)

 

일상 회화에서는 '연결 동사' 인지, 아닌지를 꼭 구분해야, 쓸 수 있는 건 아니니까.. 그리 필요한 건 아닐 수도 있지만, 한 번쯤 정리가 필요한 부분 같아서 정리해 보았습니다! ^^ (In everyday conversation, you have to distinguish whether it is a 'conjunctive verb' or not, because you can't write it. It may not be necessary, but I thought it needed to be organized at least once, so I wrote it! down ^^)

 

□  연결 동사란?  (linking verb 또는 copulative verb)

 - 연결 동사는 주어와 서술어를 연결하는 동사다. (A linking verb is a verb that connects a subject with a predicate)

 - 연결 동사는 상태 동사다 : 능동형의 동작 동사가 아닌 동사이다. (A linking verb is a stative verb. it is not an active action verb)

 - 연결 동사는 주어를 설명하거나 규정한다. (The linking verb describes or defines the subject)

 - 연결 동사 뒤에 오는 구 또는 절을 주격 보어라고 한다.(A phrase or clause that follows a linking verb is called a subject complement)

 

예) Tom      is      a student.

    ----      --     ---------

   주어  +  동사 +  주격보어

(subject)  (verb)  (subject complement)

□  연결 동사의 종류

- be 동사류 : is, are, was, was being, has been 등 모든 형태 (be verbs : is, are, was, was being, has been and so on)

- 감각동사류 : look, feel, smell, sound, taste (sense verbs : look, feel, smell, sound, taste)

- become, appear, grow, prove, remain, turn 등.. (become, appear, grow, prove, remain, turn and so on..

 

□  연결 동사 예문을 통해 보기 (examples of linking verbs)

 

① 주어를 규정하는 연결동사 (linking verbs defines subject)

똘이 is my puppy. : 똘이는 우리집 강아지야.

 

Tom was an English teacher. : 탐은 영어 선생님이었어.

 

② 주어를 수식하는/서술하는 연결동사 (linking verbs midify / describe subject)

Tom looks happy. : 탐은 행복해 보여.

 

His voice sounds good. : 그의 목소리는 좋게 들려.

Her cheeks turned red. : 그녀의 뺨이 붉어졌어.

The test seems difficult. : 그 시험은 어려운 것 같아.

 

□  연결동사의 종류 중 일부는 능동사로도 쓰임 (Some types of linking verbs are also used as active verbs)

 

1) 예시 1 (example 1)

(1) 연결 동사일 때 (in case of linking verb)

The soup smells delicious. : 스프는 맛 난 냄새가 나

 

2) 능동형의 동사일 때 (in case of active verb)

Tom smells the soup. : 탐은 스프 냄새를 맡는다

1) 예시 2 (example 2)

(1) 연결 동사일 때 (in case of linking verb)

The twins look different. : 그 쌍둥이는 다르게 보여.

(2) 능동사일 때 (in case of active verb)

Tom looked at the twins. : 탐은 그 쌍둥이를 쳐다봤어. 

□  능동사와 연결동사 구분하는 법 (How to distinguish between active and linking verbs

 

동사를 be 동사로 바꿔 보아 말이 되면 ☞ 연결동사임. (Change the verb to be if it makes sense ☞ linking verb)

 

@ 예를  두 가지 들어보면.. (two examples)

 

① Tom smells the soup.  탐은 스프 냄새를 맡는다

=> Tom is the soup. : 탐은 스프이다.

 

말이 되지 않으므로 여기서 smell은 연결동사가 아님. (Smell is not a linking verb here because it doesn't make sense)

② The coffee smells good. : 그 커피는 좋은 냄새가 나

=> The coffee is good. : 커피는 좋아

 

위의 문장은 말이 되므로, 연결 동사라고 볼 수 있음 (The sentence above makes sense, so you can see it as a linking verb)

 

지금까지 영어 연결동사 (linking verb)에 대해 봤는 데, 일단, 이 정도만 간단히 알아두면 좋을 것 같습니다^^ (We've looked at the linking verb in English so far, but first of all, I think it's good to know this much)