방금 전화한 사람이에요 : I just called a minute ago; I was just on the phone with you;
저는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람이에요 : This is John, and I just called not too long ago
ex)
A. 안녕하세요, 저는 존인데 방금 전화했던 사람이에요 : Hi. This is John, and I just called a minute ago
B. 네, 또 궁금하신 게 있으세요? : Yes, is there something else I should help you with?
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 방금 전화한 사람이다. (to younger people or friends)
- 방금 전화한 사람이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 방금 전화한 사람이야. (to younger people or friends)
- 방금 전화한 사람인데 (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람이다. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람이네. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람이야. (to younger people or friends)
- 나는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람인데 (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 방금 전화한 사람이네요. (honourific by '요')
- 방금 전화한 사람인데요. (honourific by '요')
- 방금 전화한 사람이에요 (honourific by '요')
- 방금 전화한 사람입니다. (honourific by '요')
- 저는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람이네요. (honourific by '요')
- 저는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람인데요. (honourific by '요')
- 저는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람이에요 (honourific by '요')
- 저는 존인데 얼마 전에 전화한 사람입니다. (honourific by '요')
* [Memo]
We don't use extreme honorifics(극존칭) for older people or people we don't know. Because you have to speak less than the other person(나이가 많거나 잘 모르는 사람에게는 극존칭을 사용하지 않는다. 왜냐하면 자기 자신을 상대방보다 낮춰서 말을 해야 하기 때문에)
[explanations]
* 난 : a short form of 나는
* 전 : a short form of 저는
* 나 : I (non-honourific word)
* 저 : I (honourific word)
* -는 : a particle makes 나 / 저 the topic of the sentence after a word ends in a vowel
* 존 : John
* 이다 : be
* 존인데(요) : 존 + 이(the stem of 이다; 이 + -ㄴ contracted into 인) + -ㄴ데(A connective ending used to talk in advance about a situation to follow: 뒤의 말을 하기 위하여 그 대상과 관련이 있는 상황을 미리 말함을 나타내는 연결 어미) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 방금 : [=막] just; just[right] at the moment; just now
* 지금 : now
* 전화 : [電話] a telephone; a phone; a phone call; a ring; a cell phone; a mobile phone
* -를 : a particle makes 전화 objective after a word ends in a vowel
* 걸다 : (1) [=매달다] hang ; hook(걸쇠에); suspend; put up; set up (2) [=잠그다] lock; fasten; turn a key; bar[bolt] (3) bet; stake (4) speak to; talk to (5) [=전화를 걸다] make a phone call
- 영어로 말을 걸다 : talk to[address] in English
* 전화하다 = 전화를 하다 = 전화를 걸다 : call someone by one’s phone
* 전화한 : 전화하(the verb stem of 전화하다) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)
* 건 : 걸(the verb stem of 걸다; ㄹ erased before ㄴ) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb past tense and adnominal)
* 전화를 한 사람 = 전화한 사람 = 전화를 건 사람 = 통화를 한 사람 = 통화한 사람 : the person who called
* adnominal [관형사(형)] : an adjective or a modifying phrase attached to or modifying a noun, a noun phrase, a noun clause or a noun sentence
* adverbial [부사(형)] : an adverb attached to or modifying a verb
* 통화[通貨] : currency; the medium of circulation; current coins
* 통화[通話] : conversation by telephone; a telephone call
* 통화하다 = 통화를 하다 : talk by phone
* 통화했다 : past tense of 통화하다 by '-었-'; 하 + -었 contracted into 했
* 통화했던 : 통화했(the stem of 통화했다) + -던(An ending of a word that makes the preceding statement function as an adnominal phrase and implies that an event or action has not been completed in the past but has been stopped: 앞말이 관형어의 기능을 하게 만들고 사건이나 동작이 과거에 완료되지 않고 중단되었음을 나타내는 어미)
* 사람 : human being; a person (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being; a person (honourific word)
* 이다 : be
* 사람이에요 : 사람 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -에(a declarative verb ending suffix; -어 changed inot 에 for easy pronunciation) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 사람입니다 : 사람 + 이(the stem of 이다) + -ㅂ니다(an honourific descriptive verb ending suffix)
* a noun + -(이)다 / -(이)네 / -(이)야 / -인데 : a non-honourific descriptive form of 이다
* a noun + -(이)네 / -인데 + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a noun + -이에요 / -예요 / -입니다 : an honourific descriptive form of 이다 by ‘-요’ / ‘-ㅂ'
* -이에요 : this is used after a word ends in a consonant
ex) 생각뿐이에요 : I think of you only
* -예요 : : this is used after a word ends in a vowel
ex) 바다예요 : this is the sea
* 안녕 : [安寧] (1) (public) peace; tranquility; good health; well-being; welfare (2) How are you?; Good morning [day]; Good afternoon; Good evening; Good night; good-bye
* 안녕하다 : (1) be well; be all right. (2) [=평안하다] peaceful; calm; uneventful; [=건강하다] healthy; in good health; hale and hearty; be (quite) well; be doing well
* 안녕하세요? : 안녕하(the stem of 안녕하다) + -시(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 시 + -어 contracted into 세) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 네 / 예 : yes
* 또 : too; also
* 궁금한 : anxious[worried / concerned / nervous]
* 궁금하다 : (1) be anxious[worried / concerned / nervous] ; (2) feel wonder[curious / curiosity]; wonder
- 소식이 궁금하다 : be anxious to hear from
- 시험 결과가 궁금하다 : be worried about the result of the examination
- 무슨 일이 일어났는지 궁금하다 : I wonder what happened
- 그들의 안부가 궁금하다 : I am anxious to know how they are
* 궁금하시다 : an honourific form of 궁금하다 by '-시-'
* 궁금하신 : 궁금하시(the stem of 궁금하시다; 시 + -ㄴ contracted into 신) + -ㄴ(a suffix makes a verb adnominal)
* 게 = 거 : a short form of 것이 and
* 거 : a short form of 것
* -이 : a particle makes 것 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* -가 : a particle makes 거 subjective after a word ends in a vowel
* 있다 : [Pronunciation: 읻따; ㅅ + ㄷ should be always pronounced as 따] (1) be; exist; there is[are] (2) have (3) [as the form of -를/을/-ㄹ 수 있다] be able to do
* 있으시다 : an honourific form of 있다 by '-으시'
* 있으세요? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 있으십니까? : 있(the stem of 있다) + -으시(s suffix makes a verb more honourific) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
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