그분이 돌아오셨나요? : Is he back yet?; Has he come in yet?; Has he returned yet?; Isn’t he in yet?
ex)
A. 그분이 돌아오셨나요? : Is he back yet?
B. 실은 돌아오셨다가 방금 또 나가셨어요. 오늘은 안 돌아오실 것 같네요 : Actually, he was back in his office, but he just stepped out again. I think he’s gone for the day
[other expressions]
<반말(talking down to)>
- 그분이 돌아왔니? (to younger people or friends)
- 그분이 돌아왔나? (to younger people or friends)
- 그분이 돌아왔냐? (to younger people or friends)
- 그분이 돌아왔지? (to younger people or friends)
- 그분이 돌아왔어? (to younger people or friends)
- 그분이 돌아왔는가? (to younger people or friends)
- 그분이 돌아왔는지? (to younger people or friends)
<존칭/존댓말/높임말/경어(honorific)>
- 그분이 돌아왔나요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그분이 돌아왔지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그분이 돌아왔죠? (honourific by ‘-요'; -죠 is the short form of -지요)
- 그분이 돌아왔어요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그분이 돌아왔는가요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
- 그분이 돌아왔는지요? (honourific by ‘-요’)
<극존칭(high honorific; extreme honorific)>
- 그분이 돌아왔습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
- 그분이 돌아오셨는가요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 그분이 돌아오셨는지요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 그분이 돌아오셨어요? (more honourific by ‘-시’)
- 그분이 돌아오셨습니까? (formal; more honourific by ‘스’)
[explanations]
* 그 : that
* 사람 : human being; a person (non-honourific word)
* 분 : human being; a person (honourific word)
* -은/-이 : a particle makes 그 분 subjective after a word ends in a consonant
* 돌아오다 : come back <-- 돌다(turn) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 오다(come)
* 돌아오시다 : an honourific form of 돌아오다 by '-시-'
* 돌아왔다 : past tense of 돌아오다 by '-았-'; 오 + -았 contracted into 왔
* 돌아오셨다 : past tense of 돌아오시다 by '-였-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 셨
* 돌아왔습니까? : 돌아왔(the stem of 돌아왔다) + -스(a suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* 돌아오셨는가요? : 돌아오셨(the stem of 돌아오셨다) + -는가?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 돌아오셨는지요? : 돌아오셨(the stem of 돌아오셨다) + -는지?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 돌아오셨어요? : 돌아오셨(the stem of 돌아오셨다) + -어?(an interrogative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific verb ending suffix)
* 돌아오셨습니까? : 돌아오셨(the stem of 돌아오셨다) + -ㅅ(s suffix makes a verb more honourific; 스 + -ㅂ contracted into 습) + -ㅂ니까?(an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘-ㅂ’)
* a verb + -니? / -나? / -냐? / -지? / -어? / -는가? / -는지? : a non-honourific interrogative verb ending suffix
* a verb + -나? / -지? / -어? / -는가? / -는지? + -요 : an honourific verb ending suffix
* a verb + -습니까? / -ㅂ니까? : an honourific interrogative verb ending suffix by ‘스-‘ / ‘-ㅂ’
* 실 = 사실 : actually
* 사실 : [事實] (1) [=실제의 일] a fact; an actual fact; a reality; [=현실]actuality; a factum ; [=진실] the truth; the case (2) [=실제로] actually; really; [=사실인즉] in fact; [=실은] as a matter of fact
* -은 : a suffix emphasizes 실 / 사실
* 돌아오셨다가 : 돌아오셨(the stem of 돌아오셨다) + -다가((1) A connective ending used when an action or state, etc., is stopped and changed to another action or state: 어떤 행동이나 상태 등이 중단되고 다른 행동이나 상태로 바뀜을 나타내는 연결 어미 (2) A connective ending used when something happens while a certain act is ongoing: 어떤 행동이 진행되는 중에 다른 행동이 나타남을 나타내는 연결 어미)
* 방금 : [=막] just; just[right] at the moment; just now
* 또 : again
* 나가다 : go out <-- 나다(move out) + 가다(go)
* 나가시다 : an honourific word of 나가다 by '-시-'
* 나갔다 : past tense of 나가다 by '-았-'; 가 + -았 contracted into 갔
* 나가셨다 : [Pronunciation: 나가셨따] past tense of 나가시다 by '-았-'; 시 + -였 contracted into 였
* 나가셨어요 : 나가셨(the stem of 나가셨다) + -어(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
* 오늘 : today
* -은 : a time suffix emphasizes 오늘
* 안 : this is equal to "not" in English
* 돌아오다 : come back <-- 돌다(turn) + -아(a connection suffix between two verbs) + 오다(come)
* 돌아오시다 : an honourific form of 돌아오다 by '-시-'
* 돌아오실 : 돌아오시다(the stem of 돌아오시다; 시 + -ㄹ contracted into 실) + -ㄹ(a suffix makes a verb future tense and adnominal)
* 거 : a short form of 것(a thing)
* 같다 : [Pronunciation: 갇따] (1) be equal to (2) seem; look (3) I think in the sentence
* 같네요 : 같(the stem of 같다) + -네(a declarative verb ending suffix) + -요(an honourific ending suffix)
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